scalp

1. Scalp
• Soft tissue covering
vault of skull

2. Scalp - Extent
• Anteriorly
– Supraorbital
margin
• Posteriorly
– External occipital
protuberance &
superior nuchal
line
• On each side
– Zygomatic arch
and temporal lines

3. Scalp - Layers
• Consists 5 layers
• Skin
• Connective
• Aponeurosis
• Loose areolar tissue
• Pericranium

4. Skin
• Thick
• Contains
– Numerous hair follicles
– Sebaceous glands
– Sweat glands
Sebaceous cysts of the scalp are common why?
Ducts of sebaceous glands are prone to infection and
damage by combs

5. Connective tissue
• More fibrous and dense
• Contains
– Blood vessels
– Nerves
Richest cutaneous blood supply of body
Walls of blood vessels adherent to fibrous connective tissue
During Injury to blood vessels – vessels can’t retract

6. Aponuerosis
• Muscular in front and back
– Connected by aponeurosis
• Muscle is
– Frontal belly of oocipito
frontalis
– Occiital belly of
occipitofrontalis

7. • Frontal belly
– O: Skin of the forehead (no
bony attachment)
– Ins: Epicranial aponeurois
• Occipital belly:
– O: Lateral part of highest
nuchal line
– Ins: Epicranial aponeurosis
– Nerve supply: Posterior
auricular branch of facial nerve
• Nerve Supply
– Frontal belly
• Temporal branch of facial nerve
– Occiptal belly
• Posterior Auricular of Facial
nerve

9. Loose areolar tissue
• Forms potential space
• Contains
– Emissary veins
– Blood vessels & nerves
• Dangerous area of scalp
– Emissary veins
• Have no valves
• Connecting
– Intracranial venous sinuses
with
– Veins of scalp
• Infection may spread into
intracranial venous sinuses

10. Black eye
• Collection of fluid can
spreads only into the eye
lids and the root of the nose
• Because of the attachment
of frontalis into the skin
• Posteriorly
– Attachment of occipitalis
muscle to the occipital and
temporal bones
• Laterally
– Attachment of aponeurosis to
the temporal fascia

11. Pericranium
• Loosely attached to the
surface of the bones
• At sutures between
individual skull bones
– Periosteum on the outer
surface of the bones is
continuous with
– Endosteum on the inner
surface of the skull bones
• Firmly adherent to the
sutures

12. Arteries
• In front of auricle
– Supratrochlear
– Supraorbital
– Superficial
temporal
• Behind the auricle
– Posterior auricular
– Occipital

13. Veins
• Superficial temporal
– Joins with maxillary
• In parotid gland
– Forms retromandibular
– Divides into
• Anterior division of
retromandibular
• Posterior division of
retromandibular

14. Veins
• Supra trochlear & supra
orbital
– Joins at medial angle of eye
– Forms angular vein
– Continues as facial
• Facial vein meets
– Anterior division of
retromandibular
– Forms common facial vein
• Drains into IJV

15. Veins
• Posterior auricular
– Unites with
• Posterior division of
retromandibular
– Forms external jugular vein
• Occipital vein
– Drains into
• Suboccipital venous plexus

16. Nerves
• In front of auricle
– 4 sensory
• Supratrochlear
• Supraorbital
• Zygomatico temporal
• Auriculotemporal
– One motor
• Temporal branch of facial

17. Nerves
• Behind auricle
– 4 sensory
• Great auricular (C1&2)
• Lesser occipital (C2)
• Greater occipital (C2 DPR)
• Third occipital (C3 DPR)
– One motor
• Posterior auricular
– Facial