1. pterygopalatineganglion “The largest parasympathetic ganglion in the head & neck”

2. Site : It lies in the pterygopalatine fossa pterygopalatine ganglion

3. PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA It is a very important neurovascular junction of the deep face .

4. Lateral : the pterygomaxillary fissure Anterior : Superomedial part of the infratemporal surface of the maxilla Posterior : root of the pterygoid process & adjoining anterior surface of the greater wing of sphenoid bone

5. Inferior : part of the floor is formed by the pyramidal process of the palatine bone.

6. Medial : perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

7. Connections :

8. Content : the pterygopalatine ganglion suspended by nerve roots from the maxillary nerve. the terminal third of the maxillary artery. the maxillary nerve .

9. Roots :

10. Pterygopalatine Ganglion Maxillarynerve Sensory roots Greater superficial petrosal (parasympathetic) Deep petrosal (sympathetic) Autonomic root (Nerve to pterygoid canal) (Vidian Nerve) N.B. The sympathetic and parasympathetic roots reach the ganglion through the nerve of the pterygoid canal which is formed by the union of deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic) & greater superificalpetrosal nerve (parasympathetic)

11. Greater palatine Descends through the greater palatine canal. Comes out throughthe greater palatine foramen. Supplies the mucous membrane of the hard palate.

12. Lesser palatine Descends through the greater palatine canal. Comes out through the lesser palatine foramen. Supplies the mucous membrane of the soft palate,uvula,tonsils.

14. Then runs through the incisive canal to come out the median incisive foramen.

15. Supplies the nasal septum and the gum of the incisors.Nasopalatine (Long sphenopalatine) Nasopalatine (Long sphenopalatine)

21. Brain Freeze or ice cream headache are terms used to describe a form of cranial pain or headache which human beings are known to sometimes experience after consuming cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, often as a result of rapid consumption. Cause : The reaction is triggered by the cold substance consumed coming into contact with the roof of the mouth. It triggers nerves (sphenopalatine ganglia) that give the brain the impression of a very cold environment. To return warmth to the brain, blood vessels start to swell, which causes the pain for, typically, around 30 seconds. How to avoid ? The pain may be avoided in the first place simply by eating your ice cream (or other cold food or drink) more slowly.

22. Team work Omar Eraky Omar salah Demonstrator Dr. Reham El-Saeed Supervisor Prof.Dr. Dalia Saleh Head of department Prof.Dr. hudaM.El-Tahry THANK YOU !