DAMA is a technique used to assign satellite channels to users on an as-needed basis. It allows a satellite to communicate with different earth stations simultaneously without interference. With DAMA, communication channels are assigned based on requests from user terminals to a network control system. Once allocated, a channel is reserved for a user's session and not available to others until it is finished. This improves efficiency over systems that permanently allocate channels.
Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Wireless LAN/(IEEE 802.11)
Mobile Network Layer: IP and Mobile IP Network Layers, Packet Delivery and Handover Management, Location Management, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulation, Route Optimization, DHCP
Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Wireless LAN/(IEEE 802.11)
Mobile Network Layer: IP and Mobile IP Network Layers, Packet Delivery and Handover Management, Location Management, Registration, Tunneling and Encapsulation, Route Optimization, DHCP
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, media access control (MAC) data communication protocol is a sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2). The MAC sublayer provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to communicate within a multiple access network that incorporates a shared medium, e.g. an Ethernet network. The hardware that implements the MAC is referred to as a media access controller.
The MAC sublayer acts as an interface between the logical link control (LLC) sublayer and the network's physical layer. The MAC layer emulates a full-duplex logical communication channel in a multi-point network. This channel may provide unicast, multicast or broadcast communication service.
The Media Access Control (MAC) data communication protocol sub-layer, also known as the
Medium Access Control, is a sublayer of the Data Link Layer specified in the seven-layer OSI
model (layer 2). The hardware that implements the MAC is referred to as a Medium Access
Controller. The MAC sub-layer acts as an interface between the Logical Link Control (LLC)
sublayer and the network's physical layer. The MAC layer emulates a full-duplex logical
communication channel in a multi-point network. This channel may provide unicast, multicast or
broadcast communication service.
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The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
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All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
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Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a button
Demand Assigned Multiple Access
1. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES DAVV INDORE
Mobile and Wireless Computing
Internal Test III
Name - Anushka Shastri
Roll No - IT-2K17-09
Batch - MTech 2k17
Semester - VIII
Guided By - Ms. Manju Sachdeo Ma'am
Date - 24/05/2021
3. Multiple Access:
We do multiple access to enable satellite to
take or give signals from different stations at
time without any interference between them.
4.
5. Multiple Access
Sometimes a satellite’s service
is present at a particular location
on the earth station and
sometimes it is not present. That
means, a satellite may have
different service stations of its
own located at different places
on the earth. They send carrier
signal for the satellite.
In this situation, we do multiple
access to enable satellite to take
or give signals from different
stations at time without any
interference between them.
FDMA
(Frequency Division Multiple Access)
TDMA
(Time Division Multiple Access)
CDMA
(Code Division Multiple Access)
6. What is DAMA ?
● Full form - Demand Assigned Multiple Access
● Channel Allocation Technique
● There are two channel allocation techniques -
○ PAMA - Permanent Assigned Multiple Access
○ DAMA - Demand Assigned Multiple Access
7.
8. DAMA
DAMA is a technique used to
assign satellite channels to on
an as request basis.
The most multiple-access
systems use DAMA in which
the available channels are
allocated on an as required
basis to users.
9. DAMA
Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) is a technology used
to assign a to clients that don't need to use it constantly.
DAMA systems assign communication channels based on news
issued from user terminals to a network security system.
Channels are typically a pair of carrier frequencies (one for
transmit and one for receive), but can be other fixed bandwidth
resources such as timeslots in a TDMA burst plan or even
physical channels.
Once a channel is allocated to a given pair of nodes, it is not
available to other users in the network until their session is
finished.
10. How DAMA works ?
● Demand access systems require two types of a channel:
○ a common signaling channel (CSC) and
○ a communication channel.
● A user wishing to enter the communication network
○ first calls the controlling earth station using the CSC,
○ and the controller then allocates a pair of channels to that user.
● The CSC are located at the ends of the transponder bandwidth.
● When earth station wants to access the satellite, it transmits a control packet to satellite
on the CSC Frequency & waits for a reply.
11. How DAMA works ?
● The control packet is received by the hub earth station
and decoded.
● The control packet contains source address & destination
address also it includes cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
● The control station measures duration of the connection.
12. Advantages of DAMA
Prior
Reservation
A sender reserves
a future time-slot
Increased
Efficiency
Less
Collision
Reservation can
increase
efficiency to 80%
Sending within this
reserved time-slot is
possible without
collision
14. Access method DAMA: Explicit Reservation
● Two modes:
○ ALOHA mode for reservation:
■ competition for small reservation slots, collisions possible
○ reserved mode for data transmission within successful
reserved slots (no collisions possible)
It is important for all stations to keep the reservation list consistent at
any point in time and, therefore, all stations have to synchronize from
time to time.
16. PRMA
Packet Reservation
Multiple Access
● a certain number of slots form a
frame
● frames are repeated
● stations compete for empty slots
according to the slotted aloha
principle
● once a station reserves a slot
successfully, this slot is
automatically assigned to this
station in all following frames as
long as the station has data to
send
● competition for this slots starts
again as soon as the slot was
empty in the last frame
18. Reservation-TDMA
every frame
consists of N
mini-slots and x
data-slots
every station has
its own mini-slot
and can reserve
up to k data-slots
using this mini-
slot (i.e. x = N *
k).
other stations can
send data in
unused data-slots
according to a
round-robin
sending scheme
(best-effort
traffic)
19.
20. Uses of DAMA
Military for satellite
communications
(SATCOM)
Remote location Internet
access and mobile
maritime communications.
VSAT systems for point of
sale (POS) transactions
such as credit card, polling
or radio frequency
identification
21. How DAMA differs from Multiplexing?
Multiplexing
Divides a single
communication channel
into multiple channels
DAMA
Assigns a pair of
frequencies to a user
terminal
Multiplexing
Technical
process
DAMA
Administrative
process
22. Conclusion
DAMA assigns a pair of
frequencies to a user
terminal.
Then, the frequencies
are returned to a list, or
central pool, of
frequencies available to
other terminal users.
The number of transient
clients that use DAMA
network terminals
increases according to
efficient user
sequencing at specific
frequencies and
different timeslots.
Thus, DAMA is used
for infrequently-
used networks.
DAMA does not
require continuous
connection from
user terminals to a
network control
system.