This document discusses multiple access techniques for wireless communication. It describes frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) for sharing radio spectrum. The main multiple access techniques are described as frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and code division multiple access (CDMA). FDMA allocates different frequency bands to each user, TDMA divides the available time into time slots and allocates one slot per user, and CDMA uses pseudo-random codes to distinguish users transmitting simultaneously on the same frequency. Common cellular systems like AMPS, GSM, and IS-95 are cited as examples.

1. MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

2. Presented To: Dr Imran
Presented By : Syed Sajid Ali
Reg No: 11-MDTLC-0513
Class No: 37

3. INTRODUCTION
• Multiple access schemes are used to allow
many users to share simultaneously a finite
amount of radio spectrum resources.
• For high quality communication this sharing
of spectrum should not degrade performance
of the system
 high performance
 duplexing generally required
 frequency domain
 time domain

4. DUPLEXING
 What is Duplexing?
 to talk and listen simultaneously is called duplexing.
 Classification of communication systems
according to their connectivity.
 Simplex
 Half-duplex
 Duplex
A B
A B
A B

5.  Duplexing may be done using
 frequency domain technique
 time domain technique

6. Frequency division duplexing (FDD)
 two bands of frequencies for every user
 forward band ( for traffic from Base station to
mobile unit)
 reverse band (for traffic from mobile unit to
Base station)
• frequency separation between forward band
and reverse band is constant throughout the
system

7. Time division duplexing (TDD)
 uses different time slots for forward and
reverse link
 forward time slot
 reverse time slot
 Communication is not full-duplex

8. TYPES OF MULTIPLE ACCESS
 Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
 Time division multiple access (TDMA)
 Code division multiple access (CDMA)

9. Frequency division multiple access
FDMA
 one phone circuit per channel
 idle time causes wasting of resources
 simultaneously and continuously transmitting
 usually implemented in narrowband systems
 Complexity of FDMA mobile systems is lower
compared to TDMA
 FDMA uses duplexers
 for example: AMPS is a FDMA system with
bandwidth of 30 kHz

10. FDMA
power
Example: Advanced Mobile Phone System

11. Time Division Multiple Access
 Time slots
 one user per slot
 Buffer and burst method
 Non-continuous transmission
Advantage:
Total bandwidth is utilized
Disadvantage:
Strict Burst Timing is required at the earth
station

12. TDMA
power
Example: Global System for Mobile (GSM)

13. Code division multiple access (CDMA)
 Narrowband signals is multiplied by a very large
bandwidth signal called the spreading signal.
 The spreading signal is pseudo noise code
sequence that has a chip rate which is orders of
magnitudes greater than data rate of the
message
 All users use the same carrier frequency and
transmit simultaneously
 Each user has its own pseudo random code word
which is approximately orthogonal to other
codewords.

14.  Receiver performs time co-relation
 All other codewords appear as noise
 Receiver needs to know the code word used
by transmitter

15. CDMA
power

16. Multiple Access Techniques in use
Cellular System Multiple Access technique used
Advanced Mobile Phone System
(AMPS)
FDMA/FDD
Global System for Mobile (GSM TDMA/FDD
US Digital Cellular (USDC) TDMA/FDD
Digital European Cordless Telephone
(DECT)
FDMA/FDD
US Narrowband Spread Spectrum
(IS-95)
CDMA/FDD

17. Q..??