Sanitary Landfill:
A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical volume, and to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as may be necessary.
Lecture Notes of Environmental Engg-II as per solapur university syllabus of TE Civil,
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
Lecture Notes of Environmental Engg-II as per solapur university syllabus of TE Civil,
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Deals with UASB reactors for the primary treatment of sewage, stabilization of sludge and removal of BOD. Various components of a UASB reactor are described and design details are included. Modifications to UASB such as UASB ponds, Anaerobic baffle reactors, migrating blanket reactors are also described here.
Presentation can help you to understand concept, principle engineering and important factors of landfilling such as component, requirement, microbial activity, landfill gas and leachate generation
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
Unit 3 control of particulate contaminantsChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Control of Particulate Contaminants. It is very useful for students studiying Air Pollution and Control Engineering either as an Open elective or Professional elective.
Industries use water that obtained from the water treatment system for a variety
of purposes, such as:
- For manufacturing goods.
- For heating.
- For cooling.
- As carrier of raw material.
- As carrier of waste matter.
- As a solvent.
● The resulting water is then classified as a wastewater.
If a waste stream is found to be hazardous due to corrosivity, neutralization is the primary treatment used. It is used as a pretreatment system before a variety of biological, chemical, and physical treatment processes.
It is the process of adjusting the pH of water through the addition of an acid or a base, depending on the target pH and process requirements. Some processes such as boiler operations and drinking water standards need neutral water at a pH of 7.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
The study of the source of disposal is important because the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal, its quality, and capacity to tolerate the impurities present in the sewage effluents, without itself getting potentially polluted or becoming less useful.
Water supply and sanitary engineering seminar reportTalhaManasiya
Uncontrolled pollution will destroy the ecosystem
and the process is irrecoverable. Hence the goal of
solid waste management is to minimise hazards to
environment due to indiscriminate disposal of
solid wastes. Based on the knowledge of solid
waste generation, characteristics and treatment
methods, certain materials can be recovered or re-
used and electrical energy can be generated.
In ensuring better sanitary environments for the people and promoting their general
health, the proper collection of refuse (solid waste), its haulage, treatment and
disposal with minimum possible nuisance or risk to public health are fundamental to
'solid waste management'.
Air Pollution control- at source-equipments for control of air pollution-For particulate matter-Settling chambers-Fabric filters-Scrubbers-Cyclones-Electrostatic precipitators
, For Gaseous pollutants-control by absorption-adsorption-scrubbers-secondary combustion after burners, Working principles advantages and disadvantages
Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities.
Unit 3 control of particulate contaminantsChockalingam T
The attached powerpoint presentation contains information about the Control of Particulate Contaminants. It is very useful for students studiying Air Pollution and Control Engineering either as an Open elective or Professional elective.
Industries use water that obtained from the water treatment system for a variety
of purposes, such as:
- For manufacturing goods.
- For heating.
- For cooling.
- As carrier of raw material.
- As carrier of waste matter.
- As a solvent.
● The resulting water is then classified as a wastewater.
If a waste stream is found to be hazardous due to corrosivity, neutralization is the primary treatment used. It is used as a pretreatment system before a variety of biological, chemical, and physical treatment processes.
It is the process of adjusting the pH of water through the addition of an acid or a base, depending on the target pH and process requirements. Some processes such as boiler operations and drinking water standards need neutral water at a pH of 7.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
The study of the source of disposal is important because the amount of treatment required to be given to sewage depends very much upon the source of disposal, its quality, and capacity to tolerate the impurities present in the sewage effluents, without itself getting potentially polluted or becoming less useful.
Water supply and sanitary engineering seminar reportTalhaManasiya
Uncontrolled pollution will destroy the ecosystem
and the process is irrecoverable. Hence the goal of
solid waste management is to minimise hazards to
environment due to indiscriminate disposal of
solid wastes. Based on the knowledge of solid
waste generation, characteristics and treatment
methods, certain materials can be recovered or re-
used and electrical energy can be generated.
In ensuring better sanitary environments for the people and promoting their general
health, the proper collection of refuse (solid waste), its haulage, treatment and
disposal with minimum possible nuisance or risk to public health are fundamental to
'solid waste management'.
The of solid waste has become an increasingly important global issue over the last decade due to the escalating growth in world population and large increase in waste production. This increase in solid waste generation poses numerous questions concerning the adequacy of conventional waste management systems and their environmental effects. Landfill disposal is the most generation commonly waste management method worldwide. Modern landfills are well-engineered facilities that are located, designed, operated, and monitored to ensure compliance with federal regulations. Solid waste landfills must be designed to protect the environment from contaminants which may be present in the solid waste stream. The landfill siting plan prevents the siting of landfills in environmentally-sensitive areas while on-site environmental monitoring systems monitor for any sign of groundwater contamination and for landfill gas, and provides additional safeguards. In addition, many new landfills collect potentially harmful landfill gas emissions and convert the gas into energy.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
Action plan on waste management at home and in the community.monadey
the file tells how one can manage waste in the community and at home. if every one does it on a small scale the world would be a better place to live in. i have tried to show some steps by which waste can be controlled.
Design for Harvesting and Treatment of Rainwater in Naval, Biliranijtsrd
The study takes advantage of rainwater, a naturally processed water. Developing a design for an affordable, less chemically oriented method that would help many people gain access to the water they need easily. The design used materials that were cheap and can be easily accessed on the local market. The process starts from a stage where large particles of contaminants were removed through straining. The next was iltering the water through a sequence of sponge, charcoal, coarse and fine sand. And lastly was chlorination, which treated the rainwater from the bacteria's which were previously not removed from the filter. The study came up with the design that were easily availed on the local markets of Naval, Biliran. The components were easy to install and were effective in harvesting rainwater. The treatment results were not what the researchers envisioned it to be, but still they were able to produce safe drinking water. Sure enough, it could be an alternative for other uses aside from drinking. The design was incomplete, especially on the part of the treatment device thus, further studies are recommended for its improvement. Nevertheless, the study proved that simple customized rainwater harvester and treatment device is achievable with the materials that can easily be found on the local market. Ramon L. Pitao, Jr. | Dahlia D. Fernandez | Ric Cyrell Rosialda ""Design for Harvesting and Treatment of Rainwater in Naval, Biliran"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23897.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23897/design-for-harvesting-and-treatment-of-rainwater-in-naval-biliran/ramon-l-pitao-jr
Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Root Zone Technology Option: Colacassia PlantDr. Amarjeet Singh
Root Zone Technology is one of the low cost
methods to treat wastewater. With the help of this system we
can treat the Non-Point sources with best results. To achieve
this goal we have to divide the Non-Point sources into
constructed channels within the river bank followed by root
zone bed or if the Non-Point Sources is coming from natural
nallas we can provide this system within its Channel. We
have prepared channel on which I have developed the root
zone bed and have lab analysis of rector out put on number
of parameters. Flow rate and Detention time are the two
factors on which channels are to be designed. Therefore I
am changing the flow rate and finding out the change in
parameter with respect to detection time. The optimization
is when we get best result with maximum flow. I have got
satisfactory results for the detention time of Three day,
Seven day and twenty one day and Three day. With the help
of this data I have designed the root zone bed system for the
selected actual Domestic Sources.
Vermicompost-गडेउला मल training by ....pptxAnitaPoudel5
वर्मीकम्पोस्ट उत्पादन गर्ने गडेउले मलको प्रशिक्षण खोज्नुहोस्। यो एक प्राकृतिक तरिकाले उत्पन्न भएको उर्वरक हो जसले मिट्टीमा पोषक तत्वहरू जोड्छ र मिट्टीको उपचार गर्दछ।
गडेउले मलको प्रशिक्षण भनेको, केही चरणहरूमा मलाई वर्मीकम्पोस्ट उत्पादनका लागि समायोजन गर्न सिकाउने प्रक्रिया हो। पहिलो, उचित ठाउँमा मलाई संचित गर्न र त्यसलाई पुनः प्रयोग गर्नका लागि तयार गर्नुपर्छ।
पछि, वर्मीकम्पोस्ट बनाउने साधनहरूको चयन र उपयोगको तरिका शिक्षा दिइनुपर्छ। यो सामग्रीहरू मुख्यतया गडे किटाणुहरू (वर्मिकम्पोस्टिंग केवलार), मल, र पर्यावरणीय तापमान र आर्द्रताले प्रभावित हुने गरी उचित मापदण्डको तल्लो बनाइनुपर्छ।
झोलमल जैविक मल तथा बिसादी/ Jholmal: Biofertilizer and BiopesticideAnitaPoudel5
बायोपेस्टिसाइड र तरल जैविक उर्वरकहरू आजको कृषि तथा परिसर सम्बन्धी विज्ञानको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अंग हुन्। यी उत्पादनहरू परिप्रेक्ष्यमा पर्यावरणको रक्षा र कृषि उत्पादनको वृद्धि गराउने गरी विकसित गरिएका छन्।
Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the major environmental issues in cities of many
developing countries, including Nepal. Urbanization, Industrialization and economic
development has led to increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The use of
products that generate hazardous waste is another concern. Unmanaged disposal of medical
wastes from hospitals and clinics also contribute to pollution and public health hazards in the
localities. Therefore, SWM has become a major concern for the municipalities of Nepal. The
total sample size of 21 from the households, Restaurants, Hotels, commercial shops (including
Fruit shop, Barber shop, Spectacle shop, Library, Book shop etc.) were collected around
Kathmandu municipality.
Guheswori Waste Water Treatment Plant,
P963+FXH, Bagmati Rd, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
Guheshwori waste water treatment plant is located at the bank of the Bagmati
River on the northeastern part of Kathmandu City. It is constructed at the initiative
of the government to clean up the Bagmati River.But it is managed by nongovernment organization “VA Tech WayBag LIMITED”. The plant treats the
untreated wastewater generated by the household, industries and other institutions
of Gaurighat,Gokarna,Chabahil, Bouddha and Kharibot.
The main aim of the guheswori waste water treatment plant are:
1. To improve quality of wastewater
2. Elimination of pollutants, toxicants and many such
3. Preservation of water quality of natural water resources
4. To make wastewater usable for other purposes
5. Prevention of harmful diseases
Praramva
Biotech Pvt.Ltd was established in the year 2011 (A.D) by the three Biotech graduates of
Kathmandu University. Praramva Biotech is now one of the largest manufacturers of
Vermicompost in Nepal. Besides that, it has its own well equipped laboratory that
produces wide portfolio of bio based products for disease and pest management, crop nutrition
and soil health management. Praramva Biotech Pvt. Ltd specializes in manufacturing biological
crop protection and plant nutrition based products for progressive farmers, who need more than
sustainable results. The main aims of the Praramva Biotech Company are:
• To help farmers to increase their productivity and economy.
• To achieve sustainable development through scientific research based method in agriculture and
environment sector.
• Production and processing of medicinal plant.
• To reduce chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides and promote organic farming.
-“Biofuel is an inexhaustible, biodegradable fuel manufactured from Biomass.”
• Renewable energy
• Derived from living materials.
• Pure and the easiest available fuels on planet earth.
Biomagnification, also known
as bioamplification or biological magnification, is
any concentration of a toxin, such as pesticides, in
the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively
higher levels in a food chain.
Trickling Filter
A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system.
• A trickling filter , also called trickling biofilter, biofilter, biological filter and biological trickling filter , is a fixed-bed, biological
reactor that operates under (mostly) aerobic conditions.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
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https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/10/mountain-of-landfill.jpg
List of Content:
1. Introduction to sanitary landfill:
2. The important considerations in acquiring and
operating a sanitary landfill:
3. Landfill Regulation:
4. Construction of sanitary landfill:
5. Advantage and Disadvantage:
6. Difference between Sanitary landfill and Open
Dumping:
7. Current status of Nepal:
Sanitary Landfill:
A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating
nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the
principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the
smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical
volume, and to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion
of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as may
be necessary.
• A sanitary landfill is an engineered facility that requires
detailed planning and specifications, careful construction, and
efficient operation.
• The main purpose of sanitary landfills is to ensure waste is
safe by reducing the harm from accumulated waste and
allowing safe decomposition.
• Sanitary landfills operate by layering waste in a large hole.
• There are different levels of layering of waste to facilitate the
decomposition of the materials as well as trap toxic gases
released from the process.
3. The important considerations
in acquiring and operating a
sanitary landfill.
1.SITE SELECTION
2.Topographic Maps
3.Geology
4.Site Capacity
5.Cover material
6.Water Pollution
7.Land Reclamation
1.Burning
2.Dust Control:
3. Vector Control
4.Animal Feeding:
5.Limited Access
6.Supervision
7.Inspection and Evaluation
Landfill Regulation:
4. Construction of sanitary landfill:
1.The first layer is the liner
system.
•lowest layer and lays a
foundation.
• The process entails the
application of compact and
well dense clay to prevent
the seeping in or out of
liquids. It is for this reason
that this clay is completely
impervious.
• This modernized type of
sanitary landfill is also
fitted with high-density
plastic ,no room for the
penetration of liquids, thus
preventing contamination
of the underground water.
The second layer is the
drainage system.
• The drainage system
takes care of the liquid
(leachate)produced from
the decomposition of
some waste materials.
• The sanitary landfill is
fitted with perforated
pipes on top of the liner
• The plumbing system
then directs the leachate
to treatment plants to
undergo treatment for
reuse.
The third layer is the gas
collection system.
• In the same way that
liquids are produced,
gases are also released
through natural
processes.
• Methane is the most
common of these gases
• Extraction pipes in this
layer that trap methane
gas and transport it to
treatment plants to treat
the gas and thereafter,
use it to produce
electricity and to power
various processes.
The fourth layer is the
largest layer and is also the
topmost.
• Periodically, trash from
various sources is brought
in by the various garbage
collection companies and
dumped in this layer.
• Layer of compacted soil
is applied to the surface of
the sanitary landfill.
• Soil does a good job of
containing bad smells and
the growth of harmful
microorganisms such as
pests and flies. Also, the
compact soil keeps away
windblown debris.
5. Sanitary Landfill Open Dumping
1. Only set up by the
authority of the local
government or the state.
1. People set up their own
open dumping sites.
2. Soil is a major
component of sanitary
landfills.
2. No soil applied.
3. Monitoring is a key part
of any sanitary landfill
3. No monitoring at all.
4. sanitary landfills are big.
landfills serve communities
and states rather than a
few individuals.
4. Open dumps are small in
size. And are mostly used
as domestic waste
disposals.
Sanitary Landfill:
Advantage:
-Low operating cost
-can handle large amount of waste
-Filled land can be used for other purpose
-No shortage of landfill space in many areas
Disadvantage:
-Noise, traffic and dust
-Releases greenhouse gases( Methane and CO2)
unless they are collected
-Eventually leaks and can contaminate groundwater
6. REFERENCES:
1. Sigdel, Abinashi; Koo, Jakon (2012). "Solid Waste Management of Nepalese
Municipalities". Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment. 21 (6): 951–
964. doi:10.14249/eia.2012.21.6.951. ISSN 1225-7184. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
2.^ Service, Himalayan News (2022-03-07). "Govt sets new deadline for
completion of Banchare Danda landfill site, yet again". The Himalayan Times.
Retrieved 2022-06-10.
3.^ Jump up to:a b "Sisdole locals say they won't allow garbage at Banchare
Danda until their demands are met". Retrieved 2022-06-10.
4.^ Republica. "Locals obstruct dumping of garbage in Banchare Danda". My
Republica. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
5. “ Environmental Health Planning Guide,” U.S.P.H.S. Publication #823,
Washington, D.C., 1962.
6. Refuse Collection Practice, A.P.W .A., Third Edition, Chicago, Illinois, 1966.
7. Sanitary Landfill Facts, U.S.P.H.S. Publication No. 1792, Washington, D.C.,
1968.
8. “ New Methods of Toxic Trash Disposal Are Being Evolved,” Solid Waste
Management Journal, July 1972.
9. “ Keep Britain Tidy,” Solid Waste Management Journal, January 1970.
10. “ Dealing With Potentially Lethal Discards,” Solid Waste Management
Journal, May 1971.
Banchare Danda landfill
Banchare Danda landfill is an under construction sanitary
landfill site to dispose the solid waste of Kathmandu Valley.
It will be used as permanent disposal site after closure
of Sisdol landfill. Banchare Danda lies about 27 km from
Kathmandu and approximately 1.9 km west of existing
Sisdole landfill. The Banchare Danda landfill was identified
during 2007.The actual construction started in 2019 using
1792 Ropanis of land in Nuwakot and Dhading districts
based on the cabinet decision on 3 December 2018 to
implement the Integrated Solid Waste Management Project.
The landfill site has capacity of about three million cubic
metres consisting of two cells.The Cell-1 of the dumping site
was ready for use in September 2021 while other parts
remains under construction.