The document provides an overview of sanitary landfills, detailing their importance, construction, advantages, and disadvantages. It outlines the differences between sanitary landfills and open dumping and discusses key considerations for operating a landfill, including site selection and regulations. Additionally, it highlights the current status of the Banchare Danda landfill in Nepal, which is under construction and intended to serve as a permanent disposal site for Kathmandu Valley's solid waste.

1. Sanitary Landfill
Presented by: Dewaka Poudel
Semester : 7th
Environmental Biotechnology

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List of Content:
1. Introduction to sanitary landfill:
2. The important considerations in acquiring and
operating a sanitary landfill:
3. Landfill Regulation:
4. Construction of sanitary landfill:
5. Advantage and Disadvantage:
6. Difference between Sanitary landfill and Open
Dumping:
7. Current status of Nepal:
Sanitary Landfill:
A method of disposing of solid waste on land without creating
nuisances or hazards to public health or safety, by utilizing the
principles of engineering to confine the solid waste to the
smallest practical area, to reduce it to the smallest practical
volume, and to cover it with a layer of earth at the conclusion
of each day's operation or at more frequent intervals as may
be necessary.
• A sanitary landfill is an engineered facility that requires
detailed planning and specifications, careful construction, and
efficient operation.
• The main purpose of sanitary landfills is to ensure waste is
safe by reducing the harm from accumulated waste and
allowing safe decomposition.
• Sanitary landfills operate by layering waste in a large hole.
• There are different levels of layering of waste to facilitate the
decomposition of the materials as well as trap toxic gases
released from the process.

3. The important considerations
in acquiring and operating a
sanitary landfill.
1.SITE SELECTION
2.Topographic Maps
3.Geology
4.Site Capacity
5.Cover material
6.Water Pollution
7.Land Reclamation
1.Burning
2.Dust Control:
3. Vector Control
4.Animal Feeding:
5.Limited Access
6.Supervision
7.Inspection and Evaluation
Landfill Regulation:

4. Construction of sanitary landfill:
1.The first layer is the liner
system.
•lowest layer and lays a
foundation.
• The process entails the
application of compact and
well dense clay to prevent
the seeping in or out of
liquids. It is for this reason
that this clay is completely
impervious.
• This modernized type of
sanitary landfill is also
fitted with high-density
plastic ,no room for the
penetration of liquids, thus
preventing contamination
of the underground water.
The second layer is the
drainage system.
• The drainage system
takes care of the liquid
(leachate)produced from
the decomposition of
some waste materials.
• The sanitary landfill is
fitted with perforated
pipes on top of the liner
• The plumbing system
then directs the leachate
to treatment plants to
undergo treatment for
reuse.
The third layer is the gas
collection system.
• In the same way that
liquids are produced,
gases are also released
through natural
processes.
• Methane is the most
common of these gases
• Extraction pipes in this
layer that trap methane
gas and transport it to
treatment plants to treat
the gas and thereafter,
use it to produce
electricity and to power
various processes.
The fourth layer is the
largest layer and is also the
topmost.
• Periodically, trash from
various sources is brought
in by the various garbage
collection companies and
dumped in this layer.
• Layer of compacted soil
is applied to the surface of
the sanitary landfill.
• Soil does a good job of
containing bad smells and
the growth of harmful
microorganisms such as
pests and flies. Also, the
compact soil keeps away
windblown debris.

5. Sanitary Landfill Open Dumping
1. Only set up by the
authority of the local
government or the state.
1. People set up their own
open dumping sites.
2. Soil is a major
component of sanitary
landfills.
2. No soil applied.
3. Monitoring is a key part
of any sanitary landfill
3. No monitoring at all.
4. sanitary landfills are big.
landfills serve communities
and states rather than a
few individuals.
4. Open dumps are small in
size. And are mostly used
as domestic waste
disposals.
Sanitary Landfill:
Advantage:
-Low operating cost
-can handle large amount of waste
-Filled land can be used for other purpose
-No shortage of landfill space in many areas
Disadvantage:
-Noise, traffic and dust
-Releases greenhouse gases( Methane and CO2)
unless they are collected
-Eventually leaks and can contaminate groundwater

6. REFERENCES:
1. Sigdel, Abinashi; Koo, Jakon (2012). "Solid Waste Management of Nepalese
Municipalities". Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment. 21 (6): 951–
964. doi:10.14249/eia.2012.21.6.951. ISSN 1225-7184. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
2.^ Service, Himalayan News (2022-03-07). "Govt sets new deadline for
completion of Banchare Danda landfill site, yet again". The Himalayan Times.
Retrieved 2022-06-10.
3.^ Jump up to:a b "Sisdole locals say they won't allow garbage at Banchare
Danda until their demands are met". Retrieved 2022-06-10.
4.^ Republica. "Locals obstruct dumping of garbage in Banchare Danda". My
Republica. Retrieved 2022-06-10.
5. “ Environmental Health Planning Guide,” U.S.P.H.S. Publication #823,
Washington, D.C., 1962.
6. Refuse Collection Practice, A.P.W .A., Third Edition, Chicago, Illinois, 1966.
7. Sanitary Landfill Facts, U.S.P.H.S. Publication No. 1792, Washington, D.C.,
1968.
8. “ New Methods of Toxic Trash Disposal Are Being Evolved,” Solid Waste
Management Journal, July 1972.
9. “ Keep Britain Tidy,” Solid Waste Management Journal, January 1970.
10. “ Dealing With Potentially Lethal Discards,” Solid Waste Management
Journal, May 1971.
Banchare Danda landfill
Banchare Danda landfill is an under construction sanitary
landfill site to dispose the solid waste of Kathmandu Valley.
It will be used as permanent disposal site after closure
of Sisdol landfill. Banchare Danda lies about 27 km from
Kathmandu and approximately 1.9 km west of existing
Sisdole landfill. The Banchare Danda landfill was identified
during 2007.The actual construction started in 2019 using
1792 Ropanis of land in Nuwakot and Dhading districts
based on the cabinet decision on 3 December 2018 to
implement the Integrated Solid Waste Management Project.
The landfill site has capacity of about three million cubic
metres consisting of two cells.The Cell-1 of the dumping site
was ready for use in September 2021 while other parts
remains under construction.