Sustainability of population and possible problems for country's like India with a youthful population

1. POPULATION
AND
SUSTAINABILITY
1.2 No 21

2. A COUNTRIES POPULATION
PYRAMID CHANGES OVER TIME

3. Total 2006

4. Total 2011
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
Age
Male Female

5. Total 2016
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
Age
Male Female

6. Total 2021
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
Age
Male Female

7. Total 2026
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
68
72
76
80
84
88
Age
Female Male

8. It takes time for change to happen – changes to the BR now will
only impact on a country in 20 years time. It takes 3 generations
before a decrease in the number of babies now decreases our
overall population.

9. This relates to the
Demographic Transition model

10. Stage 1 is not shown. How would this be
different?
Each of these pyramids poses a problems to the
country concerned.

12. Stage 1 2 3 4 5
Pyramid
Shape
Problems
Country
example

13. Stage 1 2 3 4 5
Pyramid
Shape
Short
Pyramid
Taller
pyramid
Pyramid
with flat
base
Bell Shape Coffin
Shape
Problems High
death
rate
High
Natural
Increase
High
Natural
Increase
Ageing
Population
Ageing
Population
Country
example
None Nepal
Bangladesh
India
China
NZ
USA
Japan
Germany

14. In countries with a pyramid shape like
India they suffer from having too many
young people
Census
Year
%
population
under 25
1971 58.6%
1981 57.8%
1991 55.4%
2001 53.7%
2011 51.4%
What is happening to this statistic over
time?
Why?

15. In countries with a pyramid shape like
India they suffer from having too many
young people
Census
Year
%
population
under 25
1971 58.6%
1981 57.8%
1991 55.4%
2001 53.7%
2011 51.4%
What is happening to this statistic over
time?
It is decreasing slowly
Why? The BR is decreasing

16. What problems do you think this
causes?
Problems of a youthful
population
Complete the star diagram with
effects and consequences as we go
through them

17. This causes many problems!
1. There is not enough food

18. As a result over 17 million children
and babies are malnourished in
India!

19. 2. There is a shortage of services
like schools

20. As a result only 65% of the population are
literate with 90 million girls unable to read
and write

21. Few children go to school beyond
primary level

22. 3. Houses are crowded

23. Many people live in slums or are homeless. In
Mumbai 40% live in shanties and 2 million live
on the streets

24. 4. There are too many dependants
and not enough workers
Less people provide resources putting pressure on
those who work. In India 44% are dependants.

25. 5. Demographic momentum –
lots of children today means more in the
future

26. It takes 3 generations before it can
cause a population decline. Today
38% of the population are under 15

27. Meanwhile countries with a coffin
shape suffer different issues:

28. Compare the dependency
rate of these countries:
India NZ Japan
%
working
age
43 51 64
% under
15
50 29 13
% over
64
7 20 23

29. What problems occur in a country
with many old people?
 Need for smaller houses
 Less people to work
 Payment of pensions is issue
 More need for medical care
 More old peoples homes
 Less need for schools
Draw pictures to
represent each of
these

30. What solutions can you suggest to
the government to prevent many
of these issues?
 People may have to work longer – until
70 or so
 People have to set money aside for
their pensions
 People need to invest in private health
options for better care.
 More government money needs to be
invested in health care and hospitals.

31. All countries will face this issue in the
future – including India.

33. In groups of 3-4 discuss and brainstorm:
•What is causing the growth of Dharavi?
•How sustainable you think Dharavi is?
•What are some environmental problems with this slum and
similar slums?
•What do you think could be done to help this situation?

34. • Currently Dharavi is the largest
slum in India and it is home to
almost 1 million people (approx –
hard to get an exact figure)
• It start is located on what was
once mangrove swamp and
started off as a fishing village. It
boomed with the tanning and
textiles industries and grew with
urbanisation
• Population density = 11 times more than Mumbai (the area around
the slum) and most residents are second generation.
• Located in the middle of the financial capital  valuable land!
• SO something needs to be done…

35. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oAQNi22Luk
What would this involve?
•Promised residents 220 square feet
apartments to replace their homes
•Activists insist on 400 square feet
homes because the interconnectivity of
the slums, the informal and courtyard
spaces that are freely occupied at
ground level are not accounted for
•High rise apartments would occupy
65% of the land -
•The other 35% would be leased out for
commercial use for profit

36. PROS CONS
Draw up the table below in your books – Thinking about the
Dharavi Redevelopment Scheme what are the pros and cons.
•Focus on sustainability (resources, culture, traditions,
environment)