The document discusses different methods for finding the roots or zeros of equations, where the root is the value of x that makes the equation f(x) equal to 0. It describes graphical methods, incremental search methods like bisection which divides the interval in half each iteration, and open methods like Newton-Raphson that use calculus to home in on the root. It also addresses challenges in finding multiple roots where the function is tangent to the x-axis at the root.