Language engineering can help preserve endangered languages by developing tools like language translators, speech generation systems, and language teaching systems. If these tools are applied to endangered languages, they may help prevent the languages from going extinct by increasing the number of people who understand and use them. Key applications of language engineering that could support endangered languages include speech synthesis, machine translation, speech recognition, text-to-speech conversion, and language teaching systems. Developing digital language documentation and creating transcription tools can also help endangered languages survive by making more materials available to study and learn them.
A Computational Model of Yoruba Morphology Lexical AnalyzerWaqas Tariq
Morphological analyzers are essential parts of many natural-language processing system such as machine translation systems; they may be efficiently implemented as finite state transducers. This paper models a Yoruba lexical analyzer using a rule based approach to computational morphology. This analysis relies solely on one source of information: a dictionary of the valid Yoruba language words. Keywords: Morphology, Yoruba, Transducer
A Computational Model of Yoruba Morphology Lexical AnalyzerWaqas Tariq
Morphological analyzers are essential parts of many natural-language processing system such as machine translation systems; they may be efficiently implemented as finite state transducers. This paper models a Yoruba lexical analyzer using a rule based approach to computational morphology. This analysis relies solely on one source of information: a dictionary of the valid Yoruba language words. Keywords: Morphology, Yoruba, Transducer
Inter-language- some basic concepts. "Interlanguage. What is ‘Interlanguage’ ? In term ‘interlanguage’ was coined by the American linguist, Larry Slinker, in recognition of the fact that L2.
Do you mix up languages when you speak? Does a word from language A sneak into your sentences in language B? Do you even notice? Here's an insight into the workings of a multilingual brain! Does any of this happen to you too?
This presentation is all about the importance of English as a LIBRARY LANGUAGE , LINK LANGUAGE ,LANGUAGE FOR EMPLOYMENT,WINDOW ON THE WORLD ,GLOBAL LANGUAGE,LANGUAGE FOR TRADE ,LANGUAGE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Investigations of the Distributions of Phonemic Durations in Hindi and Dogrikevig
Speech generation is one of the most important areas of research in speech signal processing which is now gaining a serious attention. Speech is a natural form of communication in all living things. Computers with the ability to understand speech and speak with a human like voice are expected to contribute to the development of more natural man-machine interface. However, in order to give those functions that are even closer to those of human beings, we must learn more about the mechanisms by which speech is produced and perceived, and develop speech information processing technologies that can generate a more natural sounding systems. The so described field of stud, also called speech synthesis and more prominently acknowledged as text-to-speech synthesis, originated in the mid eighties because of the emergence of DSP and the rapid advancement of VLSI techniques. To understand this field of speech, it is necessary to understand the basic theory of speech production. Every language has different phonetic alphabets and a different set of possible phonemes and their combinations. For the analysis of the speech signal, we have carried out the recording of five speakers in Dogri (3 male and 5 females) and eight speakers in Hindi language (4 male and 4 female). For estimating the durational distributions, the mean of mean of ten instances of vowels of each speaker in both the languages has been calculated. Investigations have shown that the two durational distributions differ significantly with respect to mean and standard deviation. The duration of phoneme is speaker dependent. The whole investigation can be concluded with the end result that almost all the Dogri phonemes have shorter duration, in comparison to Hindi phonemes. The period in milli seconds of same phonemes when uttered in Hindi were found to be longer compared to when they were spoken by a person with Dogri as his mother tongue. There are many applications which are directly of indirectly related to the research being carried out. For instance the main application may be for transforming Dogri speech into Hindi and vice versa, and further utilizing this application, we can develop a speech aid to teach Dogri to children. The results may also be useful for synthesizing the phonemes of Dogri using the parameters of the phonemes of Hindi and for building large vocabulary speech recognition systems.
Inter-language- some basic concepts. "Interlanguage. What is ‘Interlanguage’ ? In term ‘interlanguage’ was coined by the American linguist, Larry Slinker, in recognition of the fact that L2.
Do you mix up languages when you speak? Does a word from language A sneak into your sentences in language B? Do you even notice? Here's an insight into the workings of a multilingual brain! Does any of this happen to you too?
This presentation is all about the importance of English as a LIBRARY LANGUAGE , LINK LANGUAGE ,LANGUAGE FOR EMPLOYMENT,WINDOW ON THE WORLD ,GLOBAL LANGUAGE,LANGUAGE FOR TRADE ,LANGUAGE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Investigations of the Distributions of Phonemic Durations in Hindi and Dogrikevig
Speech generation is one of the most important areas of research in speech signal processing which is now gaining a serious attention. Speech is a natural form of communication in all living things. Computers with the ability to understand speech and speak with a human like voice are expected to contribute to the development of more natural man-machine interface. However, in order to give those functions that are even closer to those of human beings, we must learn more about the mechanisms by which speech is produced and perceived, and develop speech information processing technologies that can generate a more natural sounding systems. The so described field of stud, also called speech synthesis and more prominently acknowledged as text-to-speech synthesis, originated in the mid eighties because of the emergence of DSP and the rapid advancement of VLSI techniques. To understand this field of speech, it is necessary to understand the basic theory of speech production. Every language has different phonetic alphabets and a different set of possible phonemes and their combinations. For the analysis of the speech signal, we have carried out the recording of five speakers in Dogri (3 male and 5 females) and eight speakers in Hindi language (4 male and 4 female). For estimating the durational distributions, the mean of mean of ten instances of vowels of each speaker in both the languages has been calculated. Investigations have shown that the two durational distributions differ significantly with respect to mean and standard deviation. The duration of phoneme is speaker dependent. The whole investigation can be concluded with the end result that almost all the Dogri phonemes have shorter duration, in comparison to Hindi phonemes. The period in milli seconds of same phonemes when uttered in Hindi were found to be longer compared to when they were spoken by a person with Dogri as his mother tongue. There are many applications which are directly of indirectly related to the research being carried out. For instance the main application may be for transforming Dogri speech into Hindi and vice versa, and further utilizing this application, we can develop a speech aid to teach Dogri to children. The results may also be useful for synthesizing the phonemes of Dogri using the parameters of the phonemes of Hindi and for building large vocabulary speech recognition systems.
Investigations of the Distributions of Phonemic Durations in Hindi and Dogrikevig
Speech generation is one of the most important areas of research in speech signal processing which is now gaining a serious attention. Speech is a natural form of communication in all living things. Computers with the ability to understand speech and speak with a human like voice are expected to contribute to the development of more natural man-machine interface. However, in order to give those functions that are even closer to those of human beings, we must learn more about the mechanisms by which speech is produced and perceived, and develop speech information processing technologies that can generate a more natural sounding systems. The so described field of stud, also called speech synthesis and more prominently acknowledged as text-to-speech synthesis, originated in the mid eighties because of the emergence of DSP and the rapid advancement of VLSI techniques. To understand this field of speech, it is necessary to understand the basic theory of speech production. Every language has different phonetic alphabets and a different set of possible phonemes and their combinations.
For the analysis of the speech signal, we have carried out the recording of five speakers in Dogri (3 male and 5 females) and eight speakers in Hindi language (4 male and 4 female). For estimating the durational distributions, the mean of mean of ten instances of vowels of each speaker in both the languages has been calculated. Investigations have shown that the two durational distributions differ significantly with respect to mean and standard deviation. The duration of phoneme is speaker dependent. The whole investigation can be concluded with the end result that almost all the Dogri phonemes have shorter duration, in comparison to Hindi phonemes. The period in milli seconds of same phonemes when uttered in Hindi were found to be longer compared to when they were spoken by a person with Dogri as his mother tongue. There are many applications which are directly of indirectly related to the research being carried out. For instance the main application may be for transforming Dogri speech into Hindi and vice versa, and further utilizing this application, we can develop a speech aid to teach Dogri to children. The results may also be useful for synthesizing the phonemes of Dogri using the parameters of the phonemes of Hindi and for building large vocabulary speech recognition systems.
A New Approach: Automatically Identify Proper Noun from Bengali Sentence for ...Syeful Islam
More than hundreds of millions of people of almost all levels of education and attitudes from different country communicate with
each other for different using various languages. Machine translation is highly demanding due to increasing the usage of web
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or capital letters and there is huge no. of different naming entity available in Bangla. Thus we find difficulties in understanding
whether a word is a proper noun or not. Here we have introduce a new approach to identify proper noun from a Bengali sentence
for UNL without storing huge no. of naming entity in word dictionary. The goal is to make possible Bangla sentence conversion
to UNL and vice versa with minimal storing word in dictionary.
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...kevig
Corpus is a large collection of homogeneous and authentic written texts (or speech) of a particular natural language which exists in machine readable form. The scope of the corpus is endless in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Parallel corpus is a very useful resource for most of the applications of NLP, especially for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The SMT is the most popular approach of Machine Translation (MT) nowadays and it can produce high quality translation result based on huge amount of aligned parallel text corpora in both the source and target languages. Although Bodo is a recognized natural language of India and co-official languages of Assam, still the machine readable information of Bodo language is very low. Therefore, to expand the computerized information of the language, English to Bodo SMT system has been developed. But this paper mainly focuses on building English-Bodo parallel text corpora to implement the English to Bodo SMT system using Phrase-Based SMT approach. We have designed an E-BPTC (English-Bodo Parallel Text Corpus) creator tool and have been constructed General and Newspaper domains English-Bodo parallel text corpora. Finally, the quality of the constructed parallel text corpora has been tested using two evaluation techniques in the SMT system.
American Standard Sign Language Representation Using Speech Recognitionpaperpublications3
Abstract: For many deaf people, sign language is the principle means of communication. This increases the isolation of hearing impaired people. This paper presents a system prototype that is able to automatically recognize speech which helps to communicate more effectively with the hearing or speech impaired people. This system recognizes speech signal . Recognized spoken words are represented using American standard sign language via a robotic arm and also on the computer using visual basic .In this project a software package is provided to convert the speech signal, (which does not have any meaning for the deaf and the dumb) into the sign language. The main purpose of this project is to bridge the communication and expression gap between the normal people who cannot understand the sign language, and the deaf and dumb who cannot understand the normal speech.
Hidden markov model based part of speech tagger for sinhala languageijnlc
In this paper we present a fundamental lexical semantics of Sinhala language and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based Part of Speech (POS) Tagger for Sinhala language. In any Natural Language processing task, Part of Speech is a very vital topic, which involves analysing of the construction, behaviour and the dynamics of the language, which the knowledge could utilized in computational linguistics analysis and automation applications. Though Sinhala is a morphologically rich and agglutinative language, in which words are inflected with various grammatical features, tagging is very essential for further analysis of the language. Our research is based on statistical based approach, in which the tagging process is done by computing the tag sequence probability and the word-likelihood probability from the given corpus, where the linguistic knowledge is automatically extracted from the annotated corpus. The current tagger could reach more than 90% of accuracy for known words.
CONSTRUCTION OF ENGLISH-BODO PARALLEL TEXT CORPUS FOR STATISTICAL MACHINE TRA...ijnlc
Corpus is a large collection of homogeneous and authentic written texts (or speech) of a particular natural language which exists in machine readable form. The scope of the corpus is endless in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Parallel corpus is a very useful resource for most of the applications of NLP, especially for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). The SMT is the most popular approach of Machine Translation (MT) nowadays and it can produce high quality translation
result based on huge amount of aligned parallel text corpora in both the source and target languages.
Although Bodo is a recognized natural language of India and co-official languages of Assam, still the
machine readable information of Bodo language is very low. Therefore, to expand the computerized
information of the language, English to Bodo SMT system has been developed. But this paper mainly
focuses on building English-Bodo parallel text corpora to implement the English to Bodo SMT system using
Phrase-Based SMT approach. We have designed an E-BPTC (English-Bodo Parallel Text Corpus) creator
tool and have been constructed General and Newspaper domains English-Bodo parallel text corpora.
Finally, the quality of the constructed parallel text corpora has been tested using two evaluation techniques
in the SMT system.
Dynamic Construction of Telugu Speech Corpus for Voice Enabled Text EditorWaqas Tariq
In recent decades speech interactive systems have gained increasing importance. Performance of an ASR system mainly depends on the availability of large corpus of speech. The conventional method of building a large vocabulary speech recognizer for any language uses a top-down approach to speech. This approach requires large speech corpus with sentence or phoneme level transcription of the speech utterances. The transcriptions must also include different speech order so that the recognizer can build models for all the sounds present. But, for Telugu language, because of its complex nature, a very large, well annotated speech database is very difficult to build. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to cover all the words of any Indian language, where each word may have thousands and millions of word forms. A significant part of grammar that is handled by syntax in English (and other similar languages) is handled within morphology in Telugu. Phrases including several words (that is, tokens) in English would be mapped on to a single word in Telugu.Telugu language is phonetic in nature in addition to rich in morphology. That is why the speech technology developed for English cannot be applied to Telugu language. This paper highlights the work carried out in an attempt to build a voice enabled text editor with capability of automatic term suggestion. Main claim of the paper is the recognition enhancement process developed by us for suitability of highly inflecting, rich morphological languages. This method results in increased speech recognition accuracy with very much reduction in corpus size. It also adapts Telugu words to the database dynamically, resulting in growth of the corpus.
Similar to Role of Language Engineering to Preserve Endangered Language (20)
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PROJECT FORMAT FOR EVS AMITY UNIVERSITY GWALIOR.ppt
Role of Language Engineering to Preserve Endangered Language
1. Role of Language Engineering
to
Preserve Endangered Languages
Amit Kumar Jha
Ph.D. (Informatics and Language Engineering)
School of Language, MGAHV, Wardha
Sumit Kumar Gupta
MILE, School of Language,
MGAHV, Wardha
National Conference on the Approaches & the Methodologies on the Study of Indegnous & Endangered Language
Dr. Piyush Pratap Singh
Asst. Professor
School of Language
MGAHV, Wardha
2. Endangered Language
• Endangered language (EL) is the language community incorporates less
number of speakers of that particular language.
• EL is likely to become extinct in the near future. Many languages are failing
out of use and being substituted by others is more widely used in the region
or nation.
3. Language Engineering
• Language Engineering (LE) is the subfield of computer science which
explores the field of language related software and its feasible hardware
development.
5. Goal of Language Engineering
• The ultimate goal of LE is to develop a machine which is able to understand
and generate natural language.
• If the Approaches of LE implements on EL, then EL may be Preserve.
6. Language Endangered
• The loss of speakers in one language is the gain of speakers of another
language, except for cases of genocide. Languages are generally replaced
when an entire speech community shifts to another language. Replacing
languages are very often official state languages.
• The world is experiencing an unprecedented wave of language extinctions.
There are between 6,000 and 7,000 languages currently spoken, and between
50 to 90 per cent of those will be extinct by the year 2100.
7. Language Extinction Results
• Language extinction results in loss of cultural identities, knowledge systems,
and the variety of data needed to understand the structure of language in the
mind.
• Documenting endangered languages preserves data and stimulates language
maintenance and revitalisation.
8. Language Documentation
• Many of these languages do not have a written tradition and written data may be completely
unavailable or sparse, the languages are not used in the media, or their speakers do not use the Internet
(and if they do, they often use another language). In such cases, linguists must start from scratch and
collect as much data as possible by recording speakers of a given language.
• Ideally, language documentation contains representative samples from different speakers – representing
different age groups, different professions, of both sexes, and different origins –, but in the case of
endangered languages this may not be possible, because the number of speakers is too small and/or
there are only elder speakers. An important issue apart from the number of speakers and amount of
data concerns the communication between the linguists or other researchers who want to document a
language, and the language community.
9. Language Documentation
• In the case of endangered or minority languages, the documenters often are outsiders, not members of
the community. They may not be fluent speakers of the language in question and can communicate
with the speakers in a second or a third language. This often leads to an unnatural use of the language
that is to be documented.
10. Digitalization
• Digitlizaion is the process in which data is the store in the form of digital.
The durability of digital data is more than others types of data. To preserve
EL by Digitaliztion we convert and store data in digital forrm i.e. text, sound,
image etc. The researchers should create study meterial of EL in digital
form.
11. Application of Language Engineering
• Speech Generation
• Language Translator
• Speech-to-Text
• Text-to-Speech
• Langauge Teaching
• Translitration Tool
12. Application of Language Engineering...
• Speaker Identification
• Verification Speech Recognition
• Character and Document Image Recognition
• Question-Answering System
• Word sense Disambiguation
• Information retrieval and Information Extraction
• Film Production and Dialogue Debbing
13. Speech Generation
• With the help of language engineering we can generate the speech of
Endangered Language by a machine. If a machie will be able to generate EL
then we can preserve that Language.
14. Language Translator
• Language translator or Machine translator is a machine which is able to
translate one language to another language. The first language is called source
language and the second language is called the target language. If the Source
language or the target language is EL, EL is preventing by this Language
Translator system.
15. Speech-to-Text
• It is the process of converting speech to text. This is the task of
documentation. If we convert speech file to text file of EL then we preserve
that language.
16. Language Translator
• Language translator or Machine translator is a machine which is able to
translate one language to another language. The first language is called sourse
language and the second language is called the target language. If the Sourse
language or the target language is EL, EL is prevent by this Language
Translator system.
17. Transcription Tool
• Transcription is the process in which one script to another script.
• A person which is unknown to a specific language, its script and
pronunciation, the role of Transcription tool is importnat in this context.
• If Transcription tool for an EL will be developed then we increase the
number of people to understand that language.
18. Text-to-Speech
• Text-to-speech system is the system in which text data is input and it return
speech data as output. It plays important role in Man-Machine interaction.
19. Langauge Teaching
• Language Teaching is the process of teaching a language. With the help of
LE we can create a system for teaching a language. If EL teaching system is
created EL may be preseve. As it is known that there are some language
which has the speakers of old age and this language doesn’t transfer to the
next generation. After some that language becomes dead. To preserve this
language this system is important.
20. Question Answering System
• Question-Answering system is a Natural Language Processing system. If a
person ask a question to the system, system returns the answer of that
question.
21. Extinct Language
• An endangered language is a language that is at a risk of falling out of use,
generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native
speakers, it becomes an extinct language.
22. Levels of Endangerement
• UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not
endangered) and "extinct":
1. Vulnerable
2. Definitely endangered
3. Severely endangered
4. Critically endangered
23. EL in India
• Indian Goverment started a scheme to preseve EL the name of this Scheme
is SPPEL(Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered
Languages).
• The SPPEL has listed 117 languages to be documented in its current phase.
The Languages are some of lesser known Indian languages which are spoken
by less than 10,000 speakers.
24. Refrence
• Refrence List :
• B. WEBBER, M. EGG and V. KORDONI (2012). Discourse structure and language technology. Natural Language
Engineering
• Jurafsky, Martin (et.al. ) Sppech and Language Processing. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632
• Reiter, E. and Dale, R. (2000). Building Natural Language Generation Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Yarowsky, D. (1996). Homograph disambiguation in text-to-speech synthesis. In Progress in Speech Synthesis, pp. 159–175.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Small, S. L. and Rieger, C. (1982). Parsing and comprehending withWord Experts. In Lehnert,W. G. and Ringle, M. H.
(Eds.), Strategies for Natural Language Processing, pp. 89–147. Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.
• www.sppel.org