2. Natural Language
• In neuropsychology,
linguistics, and the
philosophy of language,
a natural language or
ordinary language is
any language that has
evolved naturally in
humans through use and
repetition without
conscious planning or
premeditation.
• Natural languages can
take different forms, such
as speech or signing.
3. Natural Language-
special types
• Sign languages are languages that use the visual-manual
modality to convey meaning. Sign languages are expressed
through manual articulations in combination with non-manual
elements. Sign languages are full-fledged natural languages with
their own grammar and lexicon
4. Most spoken
language
• English is the largest language
in the world, if you count both
native and non-native
speakers. If you count only
native speakers, Mandarin
Chinese is the largest.
• Ziad Fazah, born in Liberia,
brought up in Beirut and now
living in Brazil, claims to be the
world's greatest living polyglot,
speaking a total of 59 world
languages.
5. Programming Language
• A programming language is a
formal language comprising a set of instructions that
produce various kinds of output. Programming
languages are used in computer programming to
implement algorithms. Most programming
languages consist of instructions for computers.
7. Natural
language
processing
(NLP)
Natural language processing is an area of
research in computer science and artificial
intelligence (AI) concerned with processing
natural languages such as English or Hindi.
Process of translating natural language into data
(numbers) that a computer can use to learn
about the world.
The word “natural” in “natural language” is
used in the same sense that it is used in
“natural world.” Natural, evolved things in the
world about us are different from mechanical,
artificial things designed and built by humans.
8. Problems in NLP
• Machines with the capability of
processing something natural isn’t
natural.
• Natural languages can’t be directly
translated into a precise set of
mathematical operations.
• Contextual information- Speakers
and writers of natural languages
assume that a human is the one
doing the processing (listening or
reading), not a machine.
10. Natural language
processing (NLP)
• NLP is the whole process of turning unstructured data
into structured data.
• NLP helps technology to engage in communication
using natural human language.
• Read more NLP vs. NLU vs. NLG: the differences between three
natural language processing concepts
11. Speech
Recognition
• Speech recognition, also known as
automatic speech recognition (ASR),
computer speech recognition, or speech-to-
text, is a capability which enables a program
to process human speech into a written
format
• Many speech recognition applications and
devices are available, but the more advanced
solutions use AI and machine learning. They
integrate grammar, syntax, structure, and
composition of audio and voice signals to
understand and process human speech.
Ideally, they learn as they go — evolving
responses with each interaction.
• Read More
• IBM Speech Recognition
• Google speech to text research
12. Natural
Language
Understanding
• NLU is Artificial Intelligence that uses
computer software to interpret text
and any type of unstructured data.
NLU can digest a text, translate it into
computer language and produce an
output in a language that humans can
understand.
• Definition: Natural Language
Understanding (NLU) is the
comprehension by computers of the
structure and meaning of human
language (e.g., English, Spanish,
Japanese), allowing users to interact with
the computer using natural sentences
13. Natural
Language
Understanding
(contd.)
Natural language understanding interprets the meaning that the
user communicates and classifies it into proper intents. For
example, it is relatively easy for humans who speak the same
language to understand each other, although mispronunciations,
choice of vocabulary or phrasings may complicate this.
NLU is responsible for this task of distinguishing what is meant
by applying a range of processes such as text categorization,
content analysis and sentiment analysis, which enables the
machine to handle different inputs.
E.g. “Alexa, what’s the weather like outside?” or “Siri, how is the
traffic this morning?”
15. Natural Language
Generation
• Definition: NLS is the process of producing
meaningful phrases and sentences in the form of
natural language.”
• NLG automatically generates narratives that
describe, summarize or explain input structured data
in a human-like manner at the speed of thousands of
pages per second.
• However, while NLG software can write, it can’t read.
The part of NLP that reads human language and
turns its unstructured data into structured data
understandable to computers is called Natural
Language Understanding.
• NLU takes up the understanding of the data
based on grammar, the context in which it was
said and decide on intent and entities.
• NLP converts a text into structured data.
• NLG generates a text based on structured data.
16. Natural Language Generation (contd.)
• NLG, a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), is a software process that automatically
transforms data into plain-English content.
• NLP systems look at language and figure out what ideas are being communicated.
NLG systems start with a set of ideas locked in data and turn them into language
that, in turn, communicates them.
• Alexa, Cortana and others are ushering in the era of intelligent personal assistants,
helping to make everyday tasks easy and efficient for consumers.
• Bots that Can Talk Will Help Us Get More Value from Analytics
Read More@ Narrative Science
18. Machine Translation
• Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation
MT, is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates
the use of software to translate text or speech from one
language to another
• Machine translation is the task of automatically converting
source text in one language to text in another language.
• In a machine translation task, the input already consists of a
sequence of symbols in some language, and the computer
program must convert this into a sequence of symbols in
another language.
• Further Reading
• A Gentle Introduction to Neural Machine Translation
• Uses of MT
