This document discusses the role of engineers in sustainable development. It presents a case study of Interface Inc., a carpet tile manufacturer, and its efforts to become more sustainable across six fronts: 1) achieving zero waste, 2) eliminating toxic emissions, 3) increasing renewable energy use, 4) closing material cycles, 5) improving transport efficiency, and 6) strengthening community relationships. The case study highlights Interface's goals, strategies, and quantitative achievements in reducing waste, emissions, water and energy use, and increasing recycled material usage through process changes and efficiency improvements over time. The document argues that engineers can and should play a leading role in enabling businesses and society to transition to more sustainable models.
This document discusses safety, risk, and ethics in engineering. It covers definitions of safety and risk, methods for assessing safety and risk, factors that influence risk acceptability, and uncertainties in product design. Safety is defined as acceptable risk, while risk is the probability and consequence of potential harm. Engineers must consider various uncertainties and test products thoroughly to minimize risk and ensure safety. Proper risk assessment and management require effective communication between experts and the public.
1 introduction to environmental engineeringMoudud Hasan
Environmental engineering aims to improve the natural environment by providing healthy resources like water, air, and land for human and other organisms, as well as remediating pollution. It is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural sciences to understand environmental issues and social sciences to consider human values and behaviors. Some of the major environmental problems discussed are climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and depletion of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels. The document emphasizes that sustainable development is needed to meet current needs without compromising the environment for future generations.
Final report design of a pedestrian bridge - fall 2009Sanamau Waitogu
This document is the final report for a senior design project to design a pedestrian bridge between the University of Toledo's main campus and engineering campus. It summarizes the constraints of the project site, which include high voltage power lines, nearby railroad tracks, and poor soil conditions. It then describes site visits where traffic and pedestrian counts were collected. Two potential bridge designs are recommended to safely transport pedestrians across Douglas Road between the campuses.
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as assessing the effects of proposed projects on the environment. EIA identifies alternatives and aims to balance economic and environmental costs and benefits. It integrates environmental concerns early in project planning. EIA started as a mandatory regulatory process in the US in 1969 and is now required in over 100 countries. The key stages of EIA are screening, scoping, baseline data collection, impact analysis, mitigation planning, public hearings, decision making, and monitoring. EIA aims to be fair, provide credible information for decisions, and ensure sustainability.
Fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) are probabilistic risk assessment techniques. [FTA] works backwards from an accident to identify causes, representing them in a logic diagram with gates and basic events. [ETA] works forwards from an initiating event through safety functions to outcomes. The document outlines the steps and uses of FTA and ETA, providing examples to illustrate fault tree and event tree construction and accident sequence description.
Sustainability concepts in Civil Engineering - Module-3Abhilash B L
This Module deals with Sustainable Design which consists of following topics
*Basic concepts of sustainable habitat,
*Green buildings
*Green building certification GRIHA
*IGBC certification for buildings,
*Materials for building construction
*Material selection for sustainable buildings design,
*Energy-efficient building design,
*Passive solar design technique,
*Thermal storage strategies
*sustainable transport
This document discusses safety, risk, and ethics in engineering. It covers definitions of safety and risk, methods for assessing safety and risk, factors that influence risk acceptability, and uncertainties in product design. Safety is defined as acceptable risk, while risk is the probability and consequence of potential harm. Engineers must consider various uncertainties and test products thoroughly to minimize risk and ensure safety. Proper risk assessment and management require effective communication between experts and the public.
1 introduction to environmental engineeringMoudud Hasan
Environmental engineering aims to improve the natural environment by providing healthy resources like water, air, and land for human and other organisms, as well as remediating pollution. It is an interdisciplinary field that integrates natural sciences to understand environmental issues and social sciences to consider human values and behaviors. Some of the major environmental problems discussed are climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and depletion of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels. The document emphasizes that sustainable development is needed to meet current needs without compromising the environment for future generations.
Final report design of a pedestrian bridge - fall 2009Sanamau Waitogu
This document is the final report for a senior design project to design a pedestrian bridge between the University of Toledo's main campus and engineering campus. It summarizes the constraints of the project site, which include high voltage power lines, nearby railroad tracks, and poor soil conditions. It then describes site visits where traffic and pedestrian counts were collected. Two potential bridge designs are recommended to safely transport pedestrians across Douglas Road between the campuses.
The Center for Thematic Environmental Networks (TEN) is a Center for education and research in the fields of environment and sustainable development.
TEN Center promotes the exchange of knowledge and information on the environmental field and offers tools and supplementary approaches in order to solve environmental issues with specific reference to sustainable development.
TEN Center:
promotes education and advanced training programs on sustainable development and environmental management;
develops research activities on the main areas of environmental protection, with specific focus on developing countries;
hosts initiatives which provide a meeting platform for the competent authorities, researchers and those who are involved in environmental and sustainable development issues.
Since 2003, TEN manages and coordinates advanced training programs devised for director generals and managers of public administrations, researchers and private sector experts from the People’s Republic of China and Eastern European countries. The aim is to augment and improve the capabilities of policy-makers and to facilitate knowledge transfer in order to promote sustainable environmental, social and economic policies.
The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as assessing the effects of proposed projects on the environment. EIA identifies alternatives and aims to balance economic and environmental costs and benefits. It integrates environmental concerns early in project planning. EIA started as a mandatory regulatory process in the US in 1969 and is now required in over 100 countries. The key stages of EIA are screening, scoping, baseline data collection, impact analysis, mitigation planning, public hearings, decision making, and monitoring. EIA aims to be fair, provide credible information for decisions, and ensure sustainability.
Fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) are probabilistic risk assessment techniques. [FTA] works backwards from an accident to identify causes, representing them in a logic diagram with gates and basic events. [ETA] works forwards from an initiating event through safety functions to outcomes. The document outlines the steps and uses of FTA and ETA, providing examples to illustrate fault tree and event tree construction and accident sequence description.
Sustainability concepts in Civil Engineering - Module-3Abhilash B L
This Module deals with Sustainable Design which consists of following topics
*Basic concepts of sustainable habitat,
*Green buildings
*Green building certification GRIHA
*IGBC certification for buildings,
*Materials for building construction
*Material selection for sustainable buildings design,
*Energy-efficient building design,
*Passive solar design technique,
*Thermal storage strategies
*sustainable transport
This document provides an overview of socio-economic impact assessments that are included as part of Environmental Impact Assessments. It describes how socio-economic impact assessments examine how proposed developments may change lives in communities and identifies appropriate enhancement and mitigation measures. The document outlines the process for conducting socio-economic assessments, including preparing questionnaires, collecting primary and secondary data, analyzing the data, predicting impacts, and recommending CSR activities to reduce impacts and support community development. The goal of socio-economic assessments is to promote sustainable development and improve livelihoods.
HAZOP and HAZAN are techniques used to identify hazards. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) examines complex processes to identify risks from deviations from design. It was developed by ICI and uses guide words applied to process parameters at nodes. HAZOP teams evaluate consequences and risks. HAZAN (Hazard Analysis) focuses on job tasks to identify hazards before occurrence. It considers the relationship between employees, tasks, tools and environment. Both techniques aim to eliminate or reduce risks through control measures.
Event tree analysis and risk assessmentSalah Mansour
The document discusses event tree analysis, a technique used in accident investigation. It involves identifying an initiating event, then safety systems/barriers that could prevent escalation. An event tree diagrams the potential outcomes as each barrier succeeds or fails. Probabilities are assigned to determine the likelihood of consequences like continued safe operation or an accident. The document provides steps to construct an event tree including identifying the event and barriers, drawing the tree, and calculating outcome probabilities. It also discusses using event tree analysis to determine metrics like mean time between shutdowns or failures.
The document provides an environmental impact assessment of a proposed thermal power plant in India. It summarizes the typical coal-based power generation process and identifies the main environmental issues as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and land degradation. It then analyzes the impacts of activities involved in setting up and operating the plant. Finally, it discusses remediation measures that can be taken to mitigate the environmental effects.
The document outlines a code of ethics for engineers that includes 7 canons. The code provides guidance on ethical conduct, public safety, competence, conflicts of interest, professional reputation, enhancing the profession, and lifelong learning. Engineers are expected to adhere to the highest ethical standards, act with integrity and zero tolerance for corruption, and use their skills to benefit society.
The document discusses the proposed development of Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore, Pakistan. It notes that the existing Walton airport could no longer handle large aircraft or meet growing demand. As a result, the government decided to build a new, world-class airport named Allama Iqbal International Airport. The document outlines the project details, including location, costs, consultants, contractors, facilities, and proposed development plans. It also discusses environmental impact assessments conducted and proposed mitigation measures to address impacts on land, water, air, noise, waste, and socio-economic factors.
The document discusses several theories of accident causation that attempt to explain why accidents occur, including:
- Domino Theory: Accidents result from a series of factors including unsafe acts and conditions. Most are due to unsafe behaviors.
- Human Factors Theory: Accidents are caused by human error factors like inappropriate activities, overload, and inappropriate responses.
- Accident/Incident Theory: Builds on human factors theory, adding elements like ergonomic traps and systems failure.
- Epidemiological Theory: Looks at causal relationships between environmental factors and accidents, like predisposed characteristics, susceptibility, and situational characteristics.
Civil engineers work with structures and resource control, coordinating with electrical engineers. Without coordination, roads could be dug up unnecessarily to install power lines. In one project, an electrical engineer and civil engineer worked together on installing transmission towers - the civil engineer supervised construction of footings and ensured structures were stable. Civil and electrical engineering often require collaboration to ensure infrastructure is built securely and efficiently.
Environmental Impact Assessment and Meaningful Citizen ParticipationPublic Affairs Centre
This document discusses environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and public participation in India. It provides an overview of EIAs, the legal framework for EIAs in India, the EIA process, concerns with the current process, and an initiative called Community Led EIA (CLEIA) being conducted by PAC to enhance public participation. The EIA process in India involves screening projects, scoping assessments, impact predictions, public hearings, environmental management plans, appraisal, and post-approval monitoring. However, there are gaps like some projects not requiring hearings, lack of penalties for non-compliance, and dilution of oversight at the state level. CLEIA aims to empower local communities to participate more meaningfully in EIAs
The document discusses the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. It begins by explaining that EIAs give project proponents the opportunity to consider how their actions may affect the environment. The document then outlines the key stages of the EIA process in India, including screening projects, scoping impacts, conducting baseline studies, impact prediction, developing mitigation measures, public hearings, environmental management planning, decision making, and post-clearance monitoring. Finally, it notes that EIAs are mandatory for certain high-impact projects under India's Environmental Protection Act.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment and sustainable development. It provides an overview of the environmental impact assessment process, which involves screening, scoping, impact analysis, mitigation measures, reporting, review, decision making, and post-monitoring. It also discusses key aspects of sustainable development like reducing consumption and meeting needs of future generations. The three R's concept of reduce, reuse, and recycle for sustainable waste management is explained.
The content of presentation slides describe the concept of road safety auditing and its application starting from the planning of the road project until opening the road.
ANALYSIS OF STEEL FRAMES WITH BRACINGS FOR SEISMIC LOADSIAEME Publication
In recent decants steel structure had played an important role in construction
industry. Providing strength, stability, ductility for buildings designed for seismic
loads. It is necessary to design a structure that can withstand under seismic loads.
Providing steel knee braces is one of the structural systems used to resist earthquake
forces on structures. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect and occupies less
space which is flexible to design to meet the required strength and stiffness. There are
various types of steel bracing (X, knee bracing). In knee brace frame system (KBFS)
the non-buckling diagonal bracing provide most of the lateral stiffness, the flexural
yielding of knee element. In our project a 6 storey steel frame building with knee
bracing system with floor plan of 9 m x 9m is considered. We studied the performance
of a 6 storied steel frame building with knee bracing system and compared with bare
frame. Pushover analysis, equivalent static analysis, Response Spectrum analysis,
Time history analysis is performed in ETABS based on IS 1893:2002 (part 1)
guidelines. The manual calculation was done on the basis of Equivalent static analysis
and Response spectrum analysis to find out base shear for foundation and lateral
force for each storey deck slab and compared the values with bare frame. Depending
on the complexity in the problem for bracing models, we had used Etabs software in
order to analysis the Base shear and lateral shear. The results were plotted in the
form of graphs and tables for their inter storey drift and inter storey displacement.
Environmental Impact Assessment on Dams Sodiq Rasaq
The document discusses the environmental impacts of dams. It outlines both positive impacts, such as flood control and electricity generation, and negative impacts. Key negative impacts include the loss of archaeological and historic sites flooded by reservoirs, changes to water-soil-nutrient relations, increases in waterborne illnesses, effects on local communities like forced migration, and impacts to aquatic ecosystems like changes to river flow and fish populations. The document also examines effects on climate, terrestrial ecosystems, and downstream areas. It emphasizes the need to consider both benefits and impacts of dams for sustainable development and conduct environmental impact assessments.
This document provides an overview of civil engineering, including what civil engineers do, the different branches of civil engineering (structural, geotechnical, transportation, environmental, and water resources), and the education needed to become a civil engineer. It explains that civil engineers design structures that help people such as roads, buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, and water treatment plants. They use computer programs to illustrate their design ideas, which then become reality. A variety of people from all backgrounds can become civil engineers.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments for railway projects in India. It discusses how EIAs evaluate the environmental, social, and economic impacts of proposed projects. For railway projects specifically, it identifies potential impacts such as noise and vibration pollution, air pollution from train emissions, soil pollution from heavy metals, and water pollution. It also discusses how railway construction can cause soil erosion and changes to hydrology. The document outlines the key components of an EIA report and the methodology for conducting EIAs in India. It emphasizes the importance of EIAs for ensuring environmentally sound development.
LCA stands for Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to identify, measure, and characterize the potential environmental impacts of each stage in a product's life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. LCA aims to understand the flows of matter and energy involved in a product or process to find environmentally critical points and ways to prevent or reduce impacts. There are different types of LCAs depending on which stages are included, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, gate-to-gate, and wheel-to-wheel. LCA involves goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases.
Ce2026 traffic engineering and management notesNayana 54321
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on traffic engineering and management. It covers five main units: introduction, traffic surveys and analysis, traffic control, design of geometric intersections, and traffic management. The introduction unit defines traffic engineering and its basic components, which include road users, vehicles, roads, and control devices. It also discusses road user characteristics such as fields of vision and perception-reaction time that influence traffic flow. The remaining units cover topics like traffic surveys, traffic control signals, intersection design principles, and approaches to traffic system and demand management.
The document discusses the key components and process of conducting a Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) for a development project. A TIA is needed to analyze the traffic effects of a development on surrounding transport facilities. The summary includes:
1) A TIA involves analyzing existing traffic conditions, trip generation from the development, trip distribution patterns, modal split, and impacts on road network capacity, safety, and public transport facilities.
2) The analysis includes traffic surveys, calculating trip generation based on development size and land use, distributing trips based on gravity models, and assigning trips based on modal split ratios.
3) The TIA report outlines impacts and makes proposals to mitigate problems identified, such as exceeding road network capacity
15.02, Segalas — Lecture on technology and sustainable developmentWDC_Ukraine
The document discusses a course on sustainable development presented to engineers. It explores the role engineers can play in sustainable development. The course examines how current views prioritize economic growth over environmental protection, and argues engineers should design products and services that meet societal needs rather than artificial wants in a way that minimizes environmental impact. It uses the example of an interface company that has redesigned its operations around sustainability principles like zero waste and renewable energy to illustrate how engineers can promote sustainability.
Engineering can play an important role in sustainable development by focusing on meeting human needs over wants and prioritizing projects that serve the most vulnerable populations. Engineers should consider how their work impacts sustainability, affordability, and accessibility. A socially sustainable product is manufactured sustainably and also improves people's lives. Engineers are not neutral and should strive to serve societal needs rather than just generate profits. They can help redefine commerce and an engineering culture focused on meeting needs sustainably through services rather than creating unnecessary products and infrastructure.
This document provides an overview of socio-economic impact assessments that are included as part of Environmental Impact Assessments. It describes how socio-economic impact assessments examine how proposed developments may change lives in communities and identifies appropriate enhancement and mitigation measures. The document outlines the process for conducting socio-economic assessments, including preparing questionnaires, collecting primary and secondary data, analyzing the data, predicting impacts, and recommending CSR activities to reduce impacts and support community development. The goal of socio-economic assessments is to promote sustainable development and improve livelihoods.
HAZOP and HAZAN are techniques used to identify hazards. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) examines complex processes to identify risks from deviations from design. It was developed by ICI and uses guide words applied to process parameters at nodes. HAZOP teams evaluate consequences and risks. HAZAN (Hazard Analysis) focuses on job tasks to identify hazards before occurrence. It considers the relationship between employees, tasks, tools and environment. Both techniques aim to eliminate or reduce risks through control measures.
Event tree analysis and risk assessmentSalah Mansour
The document discusses event tree analysis, a technique used in accident investigation. It involves identifying an initiating event, then safety systems/barriers that could prevent escalation. An event tree diagrams the potential outcomes as each barrier succeeds or fails. Probabilities are assigned to determine the likelihood of consequences like continued safe operation or an accident. The document provides steps to construct an event tree including identifying the event and barriers, drawing the tree, and calculating outcome probabilities. It also discusses using event tree analysis to determine metrics like mean time between shutdowns or failures.
The document provides an environmental impact assessment of a proposed thermal power plant in India. It summarizes the typical coal-based power generation process and identifies the main environmental issues as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and land degradation. It then analyzes the impacts of activities involved in setting up and operating the plant. Finally, it discusses remediation measures that can be taken to mitigate the environmental effects.
The document outlines a code of ethics for engineers that includes 7 canons. The code provides guidance on ethical conduct, public safety, competence, conflicts of interest, professional reputation, enhancing the profession, and lifelong learning. Engineers are expected to adhere to the highest ethical standards, act with integrity and zero tolerance for corruption, and use their skills to benefit society.
The document discusses the proposed development of Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore, Pakistan. It notes that the existing Walton airport could no longer handle large aircraft or meet growing demand. As a result, the government decided to build a new, world-class airport named Allama Iqbal International Airport. The document outlines the project details, including location, costs, consultants, contractors, facilities, and proposed development plans. It also discusses environmental impact assessments conducted and proposed mitigation measures to address impacts on land, water, air, noise, waste, and socio-economic factors.
The document discusses several theories of accident causation that attempt to explain why accidents occur, including:
- Domino Theory: Accidents result from a series of factors including unsafe acts and conditions. Most are due to unsafe behaviors.
- Human Factors Theory: Accidents are caused by human error factors like inappropriate activities, overload, and inappropriate responses.
- Accident/Incident Theory: Builds on human factors theory, adding elements like ergonomic traps and systems failure.
- Epidemiological Theory: Looks at causal relationships between environmental factors and accidents, like predisposed characteristics, susceptibility, and situational characteristics.
Civil engineers work with structures and resource control, coordinating with electrical engineers. Without coordination, roads could be dug up unnecessarily to install power lines. In one project, an electrical engineer and civil engineer worked together on installing transmission towers - the civil engineer supervised construction of footings and ensured structures were stable. Civil and electrical engineering often require collaboration to ensure infrastructure is built securely and efficiently.
Environmental Impact Assessment and Meaningful Citizen ParticipationPublic Affairs Centre
This document discusses environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and public participation in India. It provides an overview of EIAs, the legal framework for EIAs in India, the EIA process, concerns with the current process, and an initiative called Community Led EIA (CLEIA) being conducted by PAC to enhance public participation. The EIA process in India involves screening projects, scoping assessments, impact predictions, public hearings, environmental management plans, appraisal, and post-approval monitoring. However, there are gaps like some projects not requiring hearings, lack of penalties for non-compliance, and dilution of oversight at the state level. CLEIA aims to empower local communities to participate more meaningfully in EIAs
The document discusses the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. It begins by explaining that EIAs give project proponents the opportunity to consider how their actions may affect the environment. The document then outlines the key stages of the EIA process in India, including screening projects, scoping impacts, conducting baseline studies, impact prediction, developing mitigation measures, public hearings, environmental management planning, decision making, and post-clearance monitoring. Finally, it notes that EIAs are mandatory for certain high-impact projects under India's Environmental Protection Act.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment and sustainable development. It provides an overview of the environmental impact assessment process, which involves screening, scoping, impact analysis, mitigation measures, reporting, review, decision making, and post-monitoring. It also discusses key aspects of sustainable development like reducing consumption and meeting needs of future generations. The three R's concept of reduce, reuse, and recycle for sustainable waste management is explained.
The content of presentation slides describe the concept of road safety auditing and its application starting from the planning of the road project until opening the road.
ANALYSIS OF STEEL FRAMES WITH BRACINGS FOR SEISMIC LOADSIAEME Publication
In recent decants steel structure had played an important role in construction
industry. Providing strength, stability, ductility for buildings designed for seismic
loads. It is necessary to design a structure that can withstand under seismic loads.
Providing steel knee braces is one of the structural systems used to resist earthquake
forces on structures. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect and occupies less
space which is flexible to design to meet the required strength and stiffness. There are
various types of steel bracing (X, knee bracing). In knee brace frame system (KBFS)
the non-buckling diagonal bracing provide most of the lateral stiffness, the flexural
yielding of knee element. In our project a 6 storey steel frame building with knee
bracing system with floor plan of 9 m x 9m is considered. We studied the performance
of a 6 storied steel frame building with knee bracing system and compared with bare
frame. Pushover analysis, equivalent static analysis, Response Spectrum analysis,
Time history analysis is performed in ETABS based on IS 1893:2002 (part 1)
guidelines. The manual calculation was done on the basis of Equivalent static analysis
and Response spectrum analysis to find out base shear for foundation and lateral
force for each storey deck slab and compared the values with bare frame. Depending
on the complexity in the problem for bracing models, we had used Etabs software in
order to analysis the Base shear and lateral shear. The results were plotted in the
form of graphs and tables for their inter storey drift and inter storey displacement.
Environmental Impact Assessment on Dams Sodiq Rasaq
The document discusses the environmental impacts of dams. It outlines both positive impacts, such as flood control and electricity generation, and negative impacts. Key negative impacts include the loss of archaeological and historic sites flooded by reservoirs, changes to water-soil-nutrient relations, increases in waterborne illnesses, effects on local communities like forced migration, and impacts to aquatic ecosystems like changes to river flow and fish populations. The document also examines effects on climate, terrestrial ecosystems, and downstream areas. It emphasizes the need to consider both benefits and impacts of dams for sustainable development and conduct environmental impact assessments.
This document provides an overview of civil engineering, including what civil engineers do, the different branches of civil engineering (structural, geotechnical, transportation, environmental, and water resources), and the education needed to become a civil engineer. It explains that civil engineers design structures that help people such as roads, buildings, bridges, tunnels, dams, and water treatment plants. They use computer programs to illustrate their design ideas, which then become reality. A variety of people from all backgrounds can become civil engineers.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments for railway projects in India. It discusses how EIAs evaluate the environmental, social, and economic impacts of proposed projects. For railway projects specifically, it identifies potential impacts such as noise and vibration pollution, air pollution from train emissions, soil pollution from heavy metals, and water pollution. It also discusses how railway construction can cause soil erosion and changes to hydrology. The document outlines the key components of an EIA report and the methodology for conducting EIAs in India. It emphasizes the importance of EIAs for ensuring environmentally sound development.
LCA stands for Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to identify, measure, and characterize the potential environmental impacts of each stage in a product's life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. LCA aims to understand the flows of matter and energy involved in a product or process to find environmentally critical points and ways to prevent or reduce impacts. There are different types of LCAs depending on which stages are included, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, gate-to-gate, and wheel-to-wheel. LCA involves goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases.
Ce2026 traffic engineering and management notesNayana 54321
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on traffic engineering and management. It covers five main units: introduction, traffic surveys and analysis, traffic control, design of geometric intersections, and traffic management. The introduction unit defines traffic engineering and its basic components, which include road users, vehicles, roads, and control devices. It also discusses road user characteristics such as fields of vision and perception-reaction time that influence traffic flow. The remaining units cover topics like traffic surveys, traffic control signals, intersection design principles, and approaches to traffic system and demand management.
The document discusses the key components and process of conducting a Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) for a development project. A TIA is needed to analyze the traffic effects of a development on surrounding transport facilities. The summary includes:
1) A TIA involves analyzing existing traffic conditions, trip generation from the development, trip distribution patterns, modal split, and impacts on road network capacity, safety, and public transport facilities.
2) The analysis includes traffic surveys, calculating trip generation based on development size and land use, distributing trips based on gravity models, and assigning trips based on modal split ratios.
3) The TIA report outlines impacts and makes proposals to mitigate problems identified, such as exceeding road network capacity
15.02, Segalas — Lecture on technology and sustainable developmentWDC_Ukraine
The document discusses a course on sustainable development presented to engineers. It explores the role engineers can play in sustainable development. The course examines how current views prioritize economic growth over environmental protection, and argues engineers should design products and services that meet societal needs rather than artificial wants in a way that minimizes environmental impact. It uses the example of an interface company that has redesigned its operations around sustainability principles like zero waste and renewable energy to illustrate how engineers can promote sustainability.
Engineering can play an important role in sustainable development by focusing on meeting human needs over wants and prioritizing projects that serve the most vulnerable populations. Engineers should consider how their work impacts sustainability, affordability, and accessibility. A socially sustainable product is manufactured sustainably and also improves people's lives. Engineers are not neutral and should strive to serve societal needs rather than just generate profits. They can help redefine commerce and an engineering culture focused on meeting needs sustainably through services rather than creating unnecessary products and infrastructure.
The document discusses technologies for autonomous communities and sustainable energy solutions. It presents several high-efficiency solar panel technologies that can achieve world-record efficiencies of 40.7% using multi-junction cells. However, it argues that the energy problem is better solved not through more high-tech solutions but by better distributing simple, sustainable technologies through production by the masses and sharing knowledge.
The document discusses how economic change is continuous and revolutionary technological changes are common throughout history. It uses the example of the transition from silent films to "talkies" in the 1920s-1930s in the US to illustrate how new technologies can create new jobs and destroy old ones. Specifically, the advent of talkies created jobs for technicians but displaced many musicians who provided music for silent films. While change often faces resistance, attempts to restrict new technologies have failed because businesses need to satisfy customers and improve efficiency. The document argues that current technological changes through artificial intelligence and other technologies may have a similar impact of changing and eliminating many jobs, but will also create new jobs. Overall, the lesson from history is that workers should expect changes,
1) A circular economy sells functional services and performance rather than goods, decoupling economic growth from resource consumption while increasing regional jobs.
2) The business model for a circular economy is based on optimizing the use of existing stock through reuse and remanufacturing in small local loops, rather than prioritizing the production of new goods in large global supply chains.
3) Sustainable taxation policies that do not tax labor and do tax the consumption of non-renewable resources can create incentives for the circular economy by making reuse and remanufacturing more profitable and competitive compared to linear take-make-waste production models.
A presentation on Ecopreneurship, the interface between "Entrepreneurship" and "Ecology" - sustainable business for an enduring future.
www.gavindjharper.co.uk
The document discusses accessibility in web design. It emphasizes that accessibility is essential to ensure the web can be used by all people regardless of disability. It discusses various disabilities that require accommodation like motor, sensory and cognitive disabilities. The document also notes that accessibility is required by law and is the morally right approach. It provides an overview of best practices, standards, and guidelines for web accessibility, including WCAG 2.0, and stresses the importance of user testing to evaluate accessibility. In conclusion, it argues for a holistic approach considering usability and accessibility through proper procedures, qualifications, and industry knowledge.
This document summarizes a presentation about how UKM (small and medium enterprises) in Indonesia can utilize information and communication technologies (ICT) and the internet to empower their businesses. The presentation discusses how the world is changing into a "Conceptual Age" driven by creativity and empathy. It also explains how workplaces are adopting "Enterprise 2.0" models using internal social media and collaboration tools. Specific initiatives by Telkom Indonesia to expand broadband access and lower costs are highlighted as ways UKM can harness ICT to help their businesses.
Skinput is an input technology that uses bio-acoustic sensing to localize finger taps on the skin. An armband equipped with acoustic detectors and a pico-projector can project a graphical interface onto the skin and detect taps to provide touch input without direct instrumentation of the skin. Potential applications include controlling mobile devices, gaming, education and accessibility for disabled users. While promising direct manipulation, challenges include cost, health effects, and size of current armband prototypes. Future research aims to improve accuracy, expand capabilities and miniaturize components.
Modern civilization is heavily dependent on software, with nearly all products and services relying on it. An average luxury car contains around 100 million lines of code, which would weigh over 1.5 tons if printed. Software engineering emerged in 1968 at a NATO conference and aims to apply systematic and disciplined practices to software development, similar to how engineering disciplines apply scientific principles to solve practical problems.
The document provides an overview of a lecture on user experience design. It includes a UX pop quiz with questions to test knowledge, sections on effective experience and barriers to effective use, a break invitation, discussion of technical accessibility issues and potted principles of effective user experience. Key topics covered include informal research methods, the importance of accessibility, challenges for different types of disabilities, and questions to consider for principles like perceivability and openness in design.
You Want the Future? You Can't Handle The FutureLincolnCenterASU
This document discusses several trends related to sustainability and emerging technologies that pose challenges for governance and society. These include living in the Anthropocene age where human and natural systems are deeply intertwined, and how technologies are accelerating evolutionary pressures. It also notes the ambiguity around definitions of sustainability and mismatches between degrees of freedom of managers versus global sustainability issues. The document argues that the power of emerging technologies like biotech, nanotech, and AI poses huge challenges around issues like radical life extension, changing cognitive patterns, and geoengineering, and addresses some ways to help manage technological change.
Millennials are changing public spaces through their use of technology and focus on sustainability and the environment. Current trends show rooftop gardens providing environmental benefits, nightclubs generating electricity from dance floors, pop-up stores benefiting neighborhoods, and no-tech spaces allowing relaxation. The document suggests opportunities for hotels like Marriott to incorporate sustainability features like indoor gardens and self-generating electricity systems to attract millennials by giving them incentives to socialize and feel they are helping the environment.
The document discusses findings from the FIREBALL project regarding how European cities are developing strategies to become smarter cities. It explores concepts like open innovation ecosystems, global innovation chains, and citizen empowerment. Some key findings are that smart city strategies involve high citizen involvement in co-creating internet applications and new forms of public-private partnerships. It also discusses the need to address digital skills gaps, creativity gaps, and entrepreneurship gaps. The document then provides an overview of the CitySDK toolkit, which aims to provide open and interoperable digital service interfaces and processes for cities to function like an "app store".
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for smart cities in Europe based on findings from the FIREBALL project. It notes that European cities are developing strategies for becoming smarter that emphasize open innovation ecosystems, citizen empowerment, and new forms of public-private partnerships. Key challenges identified include bridging digital skills gaps, linking technology development to real-world applications, and supporting entrepreneurship. Living labs and open city platforms are recommended to address these challenges by involving citizens in co-creating internet-based services and testing innovations in real-life contexts.
The document discusses sustainable lifestyles and proposes a Sustainable Lifestyle Award. It notes that western lifestyles typically have a very large material footprint. Sustainable lifestyles aim to meet needs, improve quality of life, minimize resource use and waste, and not jeopardize future generations. The award would assess individuals' lifestyles across ecological and social aspects and could involve groups competing in companies, schools and cities. Key questions for organizing the award include how to assess sustainable lifestyles, involve relevant organizations, find funding, and promote the award internationally.
Similar to Role of Engineers in Sustainable Development (20)
This document discusses student organizations and the university system in Germany. It provides an overview of the different types of higher education institutions in Germany, including universities, universities of applied sciences, and arts universities. It describes the degree system including bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. programs. It also outlines the systems of student participation at universities, using the examples of Leipzig and Hanover. Student councils, departments, and faculty student organizations are discussed.
The document discusses grand challenges in energy and perspectives on moving towards more sustainable systems. It notes that while global energy demand and CO2 emissions rebounded in 2010 after the economic downturn, urgent changes are still needed. It explores perspectives on changing direction, including overcoming barriers like technologies, economies, management, and mindsets. The document advocates a systems approach and backcasting from desirable futures to identify pathways for transitioning between states.
Consensus and interaction on a long term strategy for sustainable developmentSSA KPI
The document discusses the need for a long-term vision for sustainable development to address major challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and inequity. A long-term perspective is required because these problems will take consistent action over many years to solve. However, short-term solutions may counteract long-term goals if not guided by an overall strategic vision. Developing a widely accepted long-term sustainable development vision requires input from many stakeholders to find balanced solutions and avoid dead ends. Strategic decisions with long-lasting technological and social consequences need a vision that can adapt to changing conditions over time.
Competences in sustainability in engineering educationSSA KPI
The document discusses competencies in sustainability for engineering education. It defines competencies and lists taxonomies that classify competencies into categories like knowledge, skills, attitudes, and ethics. Engineering graduates are expected to have competencies like critical thinking, systemic thinking, and interdisciplinarity. Analysis of competency frameworks from different universities found that competencies are introduced at varying levels, from basic knowledge to complex problem solving and valuing sustainability challenges. The document also outlines the University of Polytechnic Catalonia's framework for its generic sustainability competency.
The document discusses concepts related to sustainability including carrying capacity, ecological footprint, and the IPAT equation. It provides data on historical and projected world population growth. Examples are given showing the ecological footprint of different countries and how it is calculated based on factors like energy use, agriculture, transportation, housing, goods and services. The human development index is also introduced as a broader measure than GDP for assessing well-being. Graphs illustrate the relationship between increasing HDI, ecological footprint, and the goal of transitioning to sustainable development.
From Huygens odd sympathy to the energy Huygens' extraction from the sea wavesSSA KPI
Huygens observed that two pendulum clocks suspended near each other would synchronize their swings to be 180 degrees out of phase. He conducted experiments that showed the synchronization was caused by small movements transmitted through their common frame. While this discovery did not help solve the longitude problem as intended, it sparked further investigations into coupled oscillators and synchronization phenomena.
1) The document discusses whether dice rolls and other mechanical randomizers can truly produce random outcomes from a dynamics perspective.
2) It analyzes the equations of motion for different dice shapes and coin tossing, showing that outcomes are theoretically predictable if initial conditions can be reproduced precisely.
3) However, in reality small uncertainties in initial conditions mean mechanical randomizers can approximate random processes, even if they are deterministic based on their underlying dynamics.
This document discusses the concept of energy security costs. It defines energy security costs as externalities associated with short-term macroeconomic adjustments to changes in energy prices and long-term impacts of monopoly or monopsony power in energy markets. The document provides references on calculating health and environmental impacts of electricity generation and assessing costs and benefits of oil imports. It also outlines a proposed 4-hour course on basic concepts, examples, and a case study analyzing energy security costs for Ukraine based on impacts of increasing natural gas import prices.
Naturally Occurring Radioactivity (NOR) in natural and anthropic environmentsSSA KPI
This document provides an overview of naturally occurring radioactivity (NOR) and naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) with a focus on their relevance to the oil and gas industry. It discusses the main radionuclides of interest, including radium-226, radium-228, uranium, radon-222, and lead-210. It also summarizes the origins of NORM in the oil and gas industry and the types of radiation emitted by NORM.
Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 5SSA KPI
All energy technologies involve risks that must be carefully evaluated and minimized to ensure sustainable development. No technology is perfectly safe, so ongoing analysis of benefits, risks and impacts is needed. Public understanding and acceptance of risks is also important.
Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 4SSA KPI
The document discusses the impacts and benefits of energy technology research, using fusion research as a case study. It outlines four pathways through which energy research can impact economies and societies: 1) direct economic effects, 2) impacts on local communities, 3) impacts on industrial technology capabilities, and 4) long-term impacts on energy markets and technologies. It then analyzes the direct and indirect economic impacts of fusion research investments and the technical spin-offs that fusion research has produced. Finally, it evaluates the potential future role of fusion electricity in global energy markets under environmental constraints.
Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 3SSA KPI
This document discusses using fusion energy for sustainable development through biomass conversion. It proposes a system where fusion energy is used to provide heat for gasifying biomass into synthetic fuels like methane and diesel. Experiments show biomass can be over 95% converted to hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane gases using nickel catalysts at temperatures of 600-1000 degrees Celsius. A conceptual biomass reactor is presented that could process 6 million tons of biomass per year, consisting of 70% cellulose and 30% lignin, into synthetic fuels to serve as carbon-neutral transportation fuels. Fusion energy could provide the high heat needed for the gasification and synthesis processes.
Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 2SSA KPI
The document summarizes fusion energy technology and its potential for sustainable development. Fusion occurs at extremely high temperatures and is the process that powers the Sun and stars. Researchers are working to develop fusion energy on Earth using hydrogen isotopes as fuel. Key challenges include confining the hot plasma long enough at high density for fusion reactions to produce net energy gain. Progress is being made towards achieving the conditions needed for a sustainable fusion reaction as defined by Lawson's criteria.
Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 1SSA KPI
1. The document discusses the concept of sustainability and sustainable systems. It provides an example of a closed ecosystem with algae, water fleas, and fish, where energy and material balances must be maintained for long-term stability.
2. Key requirements for a sustainable system include energy balance between inputs and outputs, recycling of materials or wastes, and mechanisms to control population relationships and prevent overconsumption of resources.
3. Historically, the environment was seen as external and unchanging, but it is now recognized that the environment co-evolves interactively with the living creatures within it.
This document discusses the use of fluorescent proteins in current biological research. It begins with an overview of the development of optical microscopy and fluorescence techniques. It then focuses on the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and how it has been used as a molecular tag to study protein expression and interactions in living cells through techniques like gene delivery, transfection, viral infection, FRET, and optogenetics. The document concludes that fluorescent proteins have revolutionized cell biology by enabling the real-time visualization and control of molecular pathways and signaling processes in living systems.
Neurotransmitter systems of the brain and their functionsSSA KPI
1. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances released at synapses that transmit signals between neurons. The main neurotransmitters in the brain are acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate, GABA, and endorphins.
2. Each neurotransmitter system is involved in regulating key brain functions and behaviors such as movement, mood, sleep, cognition, and pain perception.
3. Neurotransmitters act via membrane receptors on target neurons, including ionotropic receptors that are ligand-gated ion channels and metabotropic G-protein coupled receptors.
Elements of Theory for Multi-Neuronal SystemsSSA KPI
The document summarizes a course on elements of theory for multi-neuronal systems. The course consists of two parts: (1) representation of continuous values in neuronal systems using frequency coding or groups of neurons, and (2) evaluating the informational efficiency and capacity of neuronal systems using theoretical models and experiments. The course aims to provide a systematic approach to understanding representation and information processing in neuronal systems.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Role of Engineers in Sustainable Development
1. Sustainable Technology
Role of Engineers
Case study
Professor Jordi Segalas
Technology and Sustainable Development
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
Barcelona, SPAIN
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
2. What role can engineers play, in
sustainable development?
Are we
followers?
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
4. The current world view
- relative importance?
Economy laws are
‘inevitable’ - market
laws
Environment
Environment is used to fulfill
(‘technology
the demands of the Economy
can fix it’) laws. (Resources, waste and
pollution absorption)
Economy
(‘inevitable laws’)
Society adapts to the
inevitable economy laws:
As much money as sooner as
Society possible.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
5. But this is what we all ultimately
depend on for life - so...
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
6. Engineers provide the interfaces...
Environmental laws are
‘inevitable’ - laws of nature.
Products
Products
Environment nurtures,
supports and makes
possible….
Society - which has a
Economy
Economy mixture of instinctive and
learned/cultural laws
--invented!
invented!
Society has invented, to
serve society’s purposes….
Society
Society Economy - whose rules and
practices are totally ‘invented’
Infrastructure
Infrastructure by society
Environment
Environment
--‘inevitable’
‘inevitable’
SO: why do so many regard Economic laws as ‘inevitable’ (globalisation, etc); but
Environmental laws, and limits, as manipulable?
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
7. Serving Needs, or Quality of Life, or
Wants?
• “Traditional cultures, having more limited means
to satisfy human needs, tend to meet as many
needs as possible with as few resources as
possible.
• In contrast, industrial capitalism emphasises the
creation of specialised products that fight for
market niches to fill ‘needs’ that, as often as not,
cannot be satisfied by material goods.
(Natural Capitalism, Ch. 14)
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
8. Example: which of these is more worth
an engineer’s energy & interest?
Hasbro's Tooth Tunes toothbrushes have an MP3 player
built in. They use bone-conduction to rattle the sound through
your teeth for 3 minutes.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ViXgz0pGjQ&feature=related
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
9. Example: which of these is more worth
an engineer’s energy & interest?
Design of Temporary Shelters for Refugees
Thousands of refugee deaths from
hypothermia could be prevented every
year if a new hi-tech UK-designed tent
lining performs well in tests in
Afghanistan. A team from the University
of Cambridge has developed linings for
existing refugee tents that will pay for
themselves in saved heating costs in one
winter.
They are made of a sandwich of
materials: polyester wadding like you'd
find in a puffa jacket and a cheap
breathable waterproof membrane.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
10. Choosing what you are engineering
for - engineers can’t be neutral
Luxury OK NEVER NEVER
y
liltty
bii i ip
Affluence
ab
in a r sh ip
Quality GOOD ttaine rsh
a
s MAYBE NEVER
u s ad e
S u e ad
S Le
L
Needs BRILLIANT GOOD MAYBE
Technology
No net impact In - between High impact
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
11. Engineers’ reputation as professionals, not
mercenaries - whose interests do we serve?
•• “Video toothbrush”
“Video toothbrush”
•• “In development by
“In development by
OK NEVER Panasonic, this
NEVER
Panasonic, this
electric toothbrush
electric toothbrush
has aaminiature video
has miniature video
camera mounted
camera mounted
beside the bristles to
beside the bristles to
allow the user to see
allow the user to see
GOOD MAYBE on aamonitor the
NEVER
on monitor the
‘40%’ of debris they
‘40%’ of debris they
normally miss.”
normally miss.”
•• (TYNKYN - -EC 11/01)
(TYNKYN EC 11/01)
BRILLIANT GOOD MAYBE
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
12. What do you think? - discuss in
groups...
• Engineering is never neutral - every product
or project - or research topic - lies
somewhere on that matrix, and is going to
affect the sustainable/unsustainable
balance…. SO:
• What are the social responsibilities of
engineering – whom do we want to serve?
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
13. What defines a socially
sustainable product?
• Is being manufactured sustainably enough,
whatever the product’s social impact?
• Or, should engineers push for socially
sustainable features in the products: for
instance….affordability and accessibility for
the ‘excluded’ - the poorest 10%?
• Or, should we put our energy and interest into
products and projects which serve ‘needs’
rather than artificially created ‘wants’?
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
15. Enterprise core
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
16. Enterprise relation to Society
The company is part of a supply chain, with suppliers and customers and a market, our
share of which we hope to increase. Products flow through that supply chain in one
direction; money flows in the other direction.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
17. XX Century Enterprise Model
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
18. 1. Zero Waste
Against ideal operational
standards—zero waste—
they identified $70 million
in waste, based on 1994
operations—10 percent of
sales!
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
19. 1. Zero Waste
Total manufacturing waste sent to landfills has decreased by 66% since 1996.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
20. 1. Zero Waste
The cumulative avoided costs from waste elimination activities since 1995 have
totaled over $372 million.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
21. 2. Benign Emissions
Interface identified and inventoried 247
air emissions stacks and 19 waste
water effluent pipes at their
manufacturing locations.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
22. 2. Benign Emissions
Net absolute greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced by 82% from our
1996 baseline. 33% from improved efficiencies, process changes, and direct
renewable energy purchases.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
23. 3. Renewable Energies
The third front, Renewable Energy,
means eventually harnessing solar
energy
Harnessing renewable energy will
attack numerous unwanted
linkages, both to the lithosphere
and to the biosphere, and will allow
closed loop recycling
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
24. 3. Renewable Energies
Total energy used at carpet manufacturing facilities (per unit of product) is down
45% since 1996.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
25. 3. Renewable Energies
Use of renewable energy increased to 27% in 2007.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
27. 4. Closing cycles
Two cycles are introduced:
a natural, organic cycle,
emphasizing natural raw
materials and compostable
products ("dust to dust")
a technical cycle, giving man-
made materials and precious
organic molecules life after life,
through closed loop recycling.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
28. 4. Closing cycles
ReEntry program has diverted 133 million pounds of material from landfills
between 1995 and 2007.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
29. 4. Closing cycles
The percentage of recycled and bio-based materials used to manufacture our
products worldwide has increased from 0.5% in 1996 to 25% in 2007.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
30. 4. Closing cycles
Water intake per production unit is down 45% in broadloom facilities from 1996
due to conservation efforts and process changes.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
31. 4. Closing cycles
Water intake per production unit is down 75% in modular carpet facilities from
1996 due to conservation efforts and process changes.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
32. 5. Efficient resources/goods transport
We can:
• videoconference to avoid the
unnecessary trip for a meeting.
• drive the most efficient
automobiles available.
• site our factories near the markets
they serve
• plan logistics for maximum
efficiency
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
33. 6. Sensitivity Hookup
• service to the community through
involvement and investment in the
community (especially in
education),
• closer relations among ourselves
(inside the circle) to get all of us in
alignment, and with suppliers and
customers.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
34. 6. Sensitivity Hookup
to reduce the frequency of injuries by almost 63% since 1999.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
39. 7. Redesign of commerce
Redesigning commerce probably
hinges, more than anything else, on
the acceptance of entirely new notions
of economics, especially prices that
reflect full costs.
It means shifting emphasis from
simply selling products to
providing services
Relationships based on delivering, via
leasing agreements, the services our
products provide, in lieu of the
products themselves
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
40. 7. Redesign of commerce
Other examples:
Photocopies: Xerox: Sells copy services instead of copy
machines.
Elevator: Schindler, Sells vertical transport maintenance free
instead of elevators
We can go farther:
In ICT: You can buy hours of word editor instead of hardware
and software.
In civil engineering: you can provide the service: connection
between two places instead of roads. The enterprise is
responsible for maintenance, in case of interruption enterprise
is fined.
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
41. • service oriented
• resource-efficient
• wasting nothing
• solar driven
• cyclical (no longer take-make-
waste linear)
• strongly connected to
stakeholders: communities
(building social equity),
customers, and suppliers—
and to one another.
• Our communities are stronger
and better educated
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
42. Redefine engineering culture away from
‘Building things’ to ‘meeting needs sustainably’?
The 19th (& 20th?) Century Engineer The 21st Century Engineer
I built all I didn’t need
this! to build
anything new!
Visible construction, at great public Providing and Refurbishing the
expense, to meet society’s wants minimum to meet society’s needs
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
43. Engineers provide the
interfaces... • Becoming
Products
Products sustainable
requires leaders
who recognise
this world view,
and act
Economy
Economy accordingly.
--invented!
invented!
Society --instinctive?
Society instinctive?
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Environment --
Environment
‘inevitable’
‘inevitable’
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008
45. Thank you for your attention!
Professor Jordi Segalas
Technology and Sustainable Development
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
Barcelona, SPAIN
Course SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
NTUU “KPI”, 3 December 2008