HAZOP and HAZAN are techniques used to identify hazards. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) examines complex processes to identify risks from deviations from design. It was developed by ICI and uses guide words applied to process parameters at nodes. HAZOP teams evaluate consequences and risks. HAZAN (Hazard Analysis) focuses on job tasks to identify hazards before occurrence. It considers the relationship between employees, tasks, tools and environment. Both techniques aim to eliminate or reduce risks through control measures.

1. HAZOP & HAZAN
PRESENTED BY
SAHIL SHIVAJI GOHAD

2. WHAT IS HAZOP?
HAZOP IS AN ACRONYM THAT STANDS FOR HAZARD & OPERABILITY
STUDY commonly used as a PHA (Process Hazard Analyzer)
A hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and
systematic examination of a complex planned or existing process
or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may
represent risks to personnel or equipment. HAZOP is based on a
theory that assumes risk events are caused by deviations from
design or operating intentions.
HAZOP is mainly a RISK ASSESMENT technique.
HAZOP is a QUALITATIVE technique.

3. PIONEERED
It was first found developed or used at (ICI) Imperial Chemical
Industries, UK to analyze major chemical process systems during
the late 1960s. ICI no longer exist today in its original form but
the HAZOP technique still survives, thrives and grows in
importance every day. Now it is also extended to other areas,
including mining operations and other types of process systems
and other complex systems such as nuclear power plant operation
and software development. It is also used as the basis for
reviewing Batch processes and operating procedures.

4. HAOP CAN BE BREAK DOWN IN
SIX STEPS
1) Identify the Risk by asking what can cause a hazardous event
2) Describe the consequence and assign a severity level
3) Asses the probability of the cause
4) Evaluate the risk based on the severity and probability without any
safeguard
5) Asses the risk with safeguards
6) Make a decision to accept the risk or make a recommendation further
to reduce the risk

5. WHERE IS HAZOP USED?
HAZOP is used in a wide variety of industries and sectors like:
 Chemicals and Petrochemicals
 Oil and gas including refining
 Power generation
 Mining and metal
 Pharmaceutical

6. HAZOP STRUCTURE
HAZOP is structured in such a way as to evaluate the design intent
of particular part of a plant, called as node and then use guide
work to evaluate deviation from intent.
DESIGN INTENT
Design intent is a term used to describe how the model should be
created and how it should behave when it is changed. With a
parametric modeller it is very important to plan out the design
before modelling.
NODES
The HAZOP focuses on specific portions of the process called
"nodes". Generally these are identified from the P&ID of the
process before the study begins.

7. GUIDE WORDS
The HAZOP process creates deviations from the process design
intent by combining guide words (No, more, less, etc.) with
process parameters resulting in a possible deviation from design
intent.
 No
 More
 Less
 As Well As
 Reverse
 Other Than

8. EXAMPLE
HAZOP node may be a tank that pumps a reactant to the plant
every day. The design intent is “transfer liquid from tank to
plant”
Possible Deviation from intent are evaluated using Guide words
such as LESS THAN, MORE THAN, REVERSE, NO & others.
Thus possible deviation from design intent would be
 Liquid quantity transferred is less than intented.
 Liquid flow is reverse.
And so on until all possible deviations are analyzed.
Now every deviation is analyzed and MITIGATED via adequate
measures MITIGATION may be multiple for each deviation all
nodes need to be analyzed in this manner.

9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZOP
 Conceptual
 Greenfield
 Brownfield
 Decommissioning
 CHAZOP (Computer HAZOP)

10. HAZOP Team

11. HAZAN
HAZAN stands for Hazard Analysis and is a technique that focuses
on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur.
HAZAN takes into account the relationship between the
employee, the task to be done, the tools at the workers disposal
and the surrounding environment. Once uncontrolled hazards
have been identified by a HAZAN analysis, steps can be taken to
either eliminate risks or reduce risk to an acceptable level.

12. What is hazard?
 Hazard is the potential for harm.
 A hazard is often associated with a condition or activity that
can cause undesired consequences such as injury or illness if
left uncontrolled.
 Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse health effects to
individuals or to organizations as property or equipment losses.
Types of hazard
 Chemical hazards
 Physical hazards
 Biological hazards (biohazards)
 Ergonomic hazards
 Noise hazards

13.  Chemical hazards
Chemicals can affect skin by contact. Chemicals can also enter our body
either through the inhalation or digestive system if air is contaminated
with chemicals, vapor, mist or dust. The accumulation of chemicals in or
on our body will cause acute (immediate) effect or chronic (long-term)
effect.
 Physical hazards
Physical hazard will cause injury risks on our body. This category includes
the hazards from working in confined spaces, being hit by flying objects,
caught in explosions, hurt by collapsing machinery, falling from heights
and tripping on obstacles.
 Biological hazards (biohazards)
Biohazards refer to biological substances that pose a harm to the health
of living organisms. Sources of biological hazards may include insects,
bacteria, fungi, plants, worms, animals and viruses. These sources can
cause a variety of health effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies
to infections, cancer and so on.

14.  Ergonomic hazards
Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that pose the
risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of the worker. These
injuries can be caused by performing repetitive and forceful
movements and awkward postures that arise from improper work
methods and improperly designed workstations, tools, and
equipment.
 Noise hazards
Excessive noise can disrupt concentration, interfere with
communication and result in loss of hearing. High impact noises
are particularly damaging. Noise can also mask out signals and
affecting communication with others.

15. What is Hazard Analysis?
HAZARD
ANALYSIS
Analyzing
their
potential
cause
Result of a Hazard
Analysis is the
identification of
different types of
hazard
First step in
a process
used to
access risk
Process of
recognizing
hazards that
may arise from
a system or its
environment

16. Hazard Analysis Procedure
 Examine the job and determine the components
 Identify tasks likely to present hazards
 Identify and assess hazards
 Determine and devise controls measures
 Develop safe work procedures if hazards cannot be eliminated

17. How to identify and analyze
hazard?
Identify the hazards of each step. For each hazard, ask:
 What can go wrong?
 What are the consequences?
 How could it arise?
 What are other contributing factors?
 How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

18. Hazard analysis methods
 Process Hazard Analysis
 Event Tree Analysis
 Failure Modes And Effect Analysis
 Fault Tree Analysis
 Cause-consequence Diagram
 Hazard And Operability Studies

19. What is the difference
between HAZOP and HAZAN?
The main goal of HAZAN is to provide the best selection of means
of controlling or eliminating the risk. A hazard and operability
(HAZOP) study is a design review technique used for hazard
identification, and for the identification of design deficiencies
which may give rise to operability problems

20. THANK YOU