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Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 2
The document summarizes fusion energy technology and its potential for sustainable development. Fusion occurs at extremely high temperatures and is the process that powers the Sun and stars. Researchers are working to develop fusion energy on Earth using hydrogen isotopes as fuel. Key challenges include confining the hot plasma long enough at high density for fusion reactions to produce net energy gain. Progress is being made towards achieving the conditions needed for a sustainable fusion reaction as defined by Lawson's criteria.
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Advanced energy technology for sustainable development. Part 2
- 1. International Symposium onGlobal Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Advanced energy technology for sustainable development - Analysis of energy for sustainability- Satoshi Konishi Institute for Sustainability Science, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University Aug.12-13, 2011 Summer School AACIMP-2011 Kiev Polytechnique Institute, Ukraine
- 2. 3．What is fusion? ー Fusion reaction ー Plasma ー Confinement ー Status of development Acknowledgement to JAEA.
- 3. Fusion: Energy ofthe Sun Institute of Sustainable Science International Symposium on Global Sustainability Reaction in the sun temperature：1,5million degree time：10 billion yen fuel：hydrogen (proton helium ヘ リ ウ ム proton 陽 子 fusion 核融合 neutron 中 性 子 Artifitial sun proton 陽 子 陽 電 子 positron temperature：200 million degree time：１second fuel：hydrogen isotopes Deuterium-tritium Helium neutron oil ８t fuel １ ｇ
- 4. Reactions in stars International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science −fusion by gravity− Proton reactions p+p ––> d + e + n + 0.42 MeV p+d ––> 3He + g + 5.49 MeV 3He + 3He ––> p + p + a +12.86 MeV gravity（108 K, 105 g/cm3) Herium burn （a + a ––> ) In the Sun temperature：107 K (1,500万K) gravity（109 K, 2×105 g/cm3) density：150g/cm3 Carbon burn12C + 12C ––> ) （ Finally turns to iron
- 5. Where does energycome from? 1 n International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science 1p 0 2D 0 E = Dmc2 3T 3He 6 Li ●atomic number < 60 -5 5 7 Li 10 Be -5 → loss of mass 9Be 11 B 238 U 14N 4He(a) 19F 12C 27Al 107 Ag 16 O 20 59Co ●atomic number > 60 208 Ne Pb → waight gain 1 3 10 30 100 300 Atomic子 原子量 原mass 量 “Possible” reactions neutron best d+t → a+n + 17.6 MeV hydrogen d + d → 3He + n + 3.27 MeV proton deuterium tritium d+d → t +p + 4.03 MeV d + 3He → a + p + 18.34 MeV helium helium3 Alpha particle
- 6. d-t reaction International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science (1) easiest (2) Abundant fuel resource ●heavy water：limitless（sea water ~150 ppm） ●tritium：Li - n reaction （lithium in sea water 1,5M year of consumption） d + t → 4He + n n + 6Li → t + 4He (3) d-t fuel 1 gram ＝ 8t oil equivalent
- 7. How to makethe reaction International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science 2 U 1 e 700 keV 4 0 r Z = 1 Coulomb barrier ~700 keV (classic physics） 10 r0 ~2 fm R ~5r0 D-T 1 D-3He 0.1 ~ r0 D-D 0.01 Quantum physics 、~10 keV 10 100 1000 エネルギー（keV） keV）
- 8. Fire of fusion:plasma International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science - e + solid liquid gas plasma COLD HOT plasmas TV Light ball neon
- 9. Thermonuclear reaction InternationalSymposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Power balance wall Confinement E ●power loss time 3 nT Ppl (ni Ti ne Te ) E plasma 2 E density n ●fusion output heat 2 temperature T Pfus n i v E fus n2 f(T) 4 efficiency η Fusion power can be recycled to heat the plasma again pow Criteria is temperature, time and er densitynE, T
- 10. Lawson criteria International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science − energy in =energy out − = 11 を仮定 = を仮 定 1023 Fusion energy = power needed to heat plasma 1022 T ~ 10 keV （100 Million℃） n ~ 1020 m-3 1021 D-D E (confinement time)~ 1 s 1020 Current status 1 eV = 約 10,000 ℃ D-T 1019 1 10 100
- 11. Institute of SustainableScience Trapping particles International Symposium on Global Sustainability Thermal movement Strong magnetic field 1,000km vessel needed Particles are trapped by the magnetic lines Movement of ion and Particles can fly along the line electron
- 12. Plasma confinement International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science All the magnetic lines connected Magnetic field in “donut “shape B Tokamak field traps particles Plasma current makes field
- 13. How tokamak ismade International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Tokamak coil Current in the coil Current in the plasma Helical magnetic lines current
- 14. TOKAMAK International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Toroidal ル 磁 場 コ イ ル ト ロ イ ダ field coil Poroidal field ポロ イ ダル 磁場コ イ ル coil Vacuum vessel 真空容器 Plasmaマ プラ ズ プ Plasma current ラ ズマ 電流 Magnetic field 磁力線 toroidalnaya kamera and magnitnaya katushka
- 15. Confinement devices International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Helical magnetic lines confine plasma Tokamak Plasma current makes fields to confine itself JAEA、JT60 Helical Helical coil makes fields to confine Kyoto University, Heliotron J
- 16. Fusion plasma Institute ofSustainable Science International Symposium on Global Sustainability Torus chamber Thermal insulation Keeps inside hot plasma
- 17. Plasma movement Institute ofSustainable Science International Symposium on Global Sustainability
- 18. Plasma movement Institute ofSustainable Science International Symposium on Global Sustainability Numerical simulation is needed to “see” it. As particles As fluids
- 20. 4．Fusion development and its possible market
- 21. Fusion Research inthe World International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Russia Korea T-10 K-STAR United States TUMAN-3 Japan Alcator C-mod JT-60,SA NSTX,DIII-D Ukraine LATE,HYBTOK-III Uragan CSTN3 ○ ○ India SST1 EU JET,Tore-Supra ASDEX-U,TEXTOR China FT-U,MAST,W7 EAST,HL-2A, HT-7,HT-7U Asian countries are now strongly interested in fusion.
- 22. Fusion Energy Development Institute of Sustainable Science International Symposium on Global Sustainability 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 ＣＤＡ88-90 International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★★ ★ EDA 92-01 Const.Oper.. . Blanket test Competition to demonstrate Fusion power US-USSR 1985 30 m DEMO reactor Targetted to 2050 comercialization →demonstration scheduled 203 EU fast track ca. 5BUS Environmental problem requires faster ＩＴＥＲconstruction site(2010) program.
- 23. Expectations for Fusion International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science ・Fusion has advantages to sell. ・But electricity (particularly cheap one) is not the unique product of fusion. ・Expected role and feature of fusion is different among parties. EU ・Resource (particularly self-sufficiency) US ・Safety (over fission?) KO ・environment (reduction of CO2 emission) CH -replacing Oil, not nuclear or renewables IN ・Large amount of supply to meet demands JA ・Proliferation Other ・Economy parties Plant (Demo?) design Fission acceptance Nuclear infrastructure
- 24. Structure of theInternational collaboration ITER Science Council ＴＢＭ and Program Technology Management Committee Advisory Advisory Director (TBM-PC) Member Committee Committee General Parties (STAC) (MAC) TBP Working Group (TBP WG) ITER Organization Domestic Domestic Domestic Agencies ・・・ Agencies ・・・ Agencies
- 25. Baseline Schedule ofthe Operation -25- In vessel components will be installed after the 1st plasma.
- 26. Fusion Electricity Institute of Sustainable Science International Symposium on Global Sustainability Energy converted to heat and fuel lithium Energy generated by fusion reaction deuterium neutron neutron tritium Fusion reactor tritium Fusion fuel Electricity Power train breeding Fuel cycle Coolant
- 27. Fusion as apotential energy International Symposium on Global Sustainability Institute of Sustainable Science Free from supply constraint of resources - abundant, not localized resource required Hydrogen - technology driven, not resource oriented energy Energy Helium Economy - competitive energy price - meets requirement for economical development Environmental friendliness - low carbon dioxide emission - low pollution, impact to environment Social acceptance, adaptation - free from nuclear proliferation and wastes - meets market needs (urban demand) - supply fuels (hydrogen), transportation.