1) A circular economy sells functional services and performance rather than goods, decoupling economic growth from resource consumption while increasing regional jobs.
2) The business model for a circular economy is based on optimizing the use of existing stock through reuse and remanufacturing in small local loops, rather than prioritizing the production of new goods in large global supply chains.
3) Sustainable taxation policies that do not tax labor and do tax the consumption of non-renewable resources can create incentives for the circular economy by making reuse and remanufacturing more profitable and competitive compared to linear take-make-waste production models.
Summary - Circular economy course by Technical University of DelftVikas Pandey
Summary of the below 7 episodes from the course
(https://online-learning.tudelft.nl/courses/circular-economy-design-and-technology/)
Episode 1: What is the circular economy?
How can the circular economy provide solutions to the challenges our current, linear economy brings? We explore the roots of the circular economy together with experts in the fields of industrial ecology, cradle to cradle and biomimicry.
Episode 2: Business value in a circular economy
Through closed-loop supply chains and reversed logistics, new opportunities for business are created. This episode explores value creation and new business models in a circular economy.
Episode 3: Longer lasting products
The smaller the loop, the greater the profitability of the system. We look at product life extension through the eyes of designers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 4: Remanufacturing
Remanufacturing enables companies to recapture value on a product or component level. It is currently being rediscovered as a promising business opportunity. We'll explore the topic together with researchers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 5: Waste equals Food
This episode discusses how we can take inspiration from nature when redesigning the way we deal with waste. We'll present a fascinating circular case study. Can you identify opportunities for change in your own area's?
Episode 6: Thinking in systems
The shift from linear to circular should not be underestimated. This episode will discuss the extent and duration of the transition. It will also ask, is the circular economy really sustainable?
Episode 7: Giving back. Takeaways and narratives.
Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the scale-up across global supp...Yakuzaazero
Prepared in collaboration with the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company
http://www.weforum.org/
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_ENV_TowardsCircularEconomy_Report_2014.pdf
This presentation helps you to discover what is circular economy and what are the opportunities of this new model.
In a few slides, you can easily understand the issues on resources and the methods to improve materials, products or components value and life span.
Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns Towards a Circular Economy Transition Ksenia Benifand
Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns Towards a Circular Economy Transition
by Ksenia Benifand was submitted to OCAD University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Design in Strategic Foresight & Innovation
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, April, 2015
Abstract
This Major Research Project (MRP) explores how we might shift mainstream consumption patterns as we transition towards the Circular Economy.
The research identifies essential circular consumption behaviour patterns, motivating drivers for choosing the behaviours, and barriers that may hinder adoption if not addressed. Strategies and case studies for cultivating and accelerating new social norm conditions and external contexts necessary to foster and support circular patterns of consumption are also examined. Finally, consumer engagement strategies and recommendations are proposed as guidance for organizations transitioning into circular modes of value exchange or business models, and for policy makers and advocates looking to support the circular economy transition.
Get Wasted, Session 1: Waste to Wealth - The Circular Economy Advantage - 01...GA Circular
This is the slide deck presented at our 1st event of a pressing Series on 'Circular Economy & Waste Management' in Asia.
8 million tonnes of plastic leak into the oceans each year, and more than 80% is from Asia! If we don't act now, there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish by 2050. It is time for individuals, companies and governments to rethink waste, especially in Asia. Today's linear ‘take, make, dispose’ economic model relies on large quantities of cheap, easily accessible materials and energy, and is a model that is reaching its physical limits. Today 80–120 billion USD of plastic materials is lost to the economy every year (plastic which is used just one time and then incinerated, landfilled or leaked into ocean). This is not just a business loss, but one of the biggest environmental challenges of our time.
An attractive and viable alternative that governments and businesses are exploring is the Circular Economy. This session - specifically focusing on plastic - brought insights from global business leaders, to social entrepreneurs and waste pickers who are all beginning to see waste not as trash, but as a resource. In emerging countries, managing waste has even become a solution to uplift people out of poverty. As the issue keeps growing, new regulations (such as Extended Producer Responsibility) have started to come into effect across Asia, making brands & producers responsible for recycling their post-consumer waste. Our speakers shared what it implies for big brands and each of us.
Summary - Circular economy course by Technical University of DelftVikas Pandey
Summary of the below 7 episodes from the course
(https://online-learning.tudelft.nl/courses/circular-economy-design-and-technology/)
Episode 1: What is the circular economy?
How can the circular economy provide solutions to the challenges our current, linear economy brings? We explore the roots of the circular economy together with experts in the fields of industrial ecology, cradle to cradle and biomimicry.
Episode 2: Business value in a circular economy
Through closed-loop supply chains and reversed logistics, new opportunities for business are created. This episode explores value creation and new business models in a circular economy.
Episode 3: Longer lasting products
The smaller the loop, the greater the profitability of the system. We look at product life extension through the eyes of designers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 4: Remanufacturing
Remanufacturing enables companies to recapture value on a product or component level. It is currently being rediscovered as a promising business opportunity. We'll explore the topic together with researchers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 5: Waste equals Food
This episode discusses how we can take inspiration from nature when redesigning the way we deal with waste. We'll present a fascinating circular case study. Can you identify opportunities for change in your own area's?
Episode 6: Thinking in systems
The shift from linear to circular should not be underestimated. This episode will discuss the extent and duration of the transition. It will also ask, is the circular economy really sustainable?
Episode 7: Giving back. Takeaways and narratives.
Towards the Circular Economy: Accelerating the scale-up across global supp...Yakuzaazero
Prepared in collaboration with the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and McKinsey & Company
http://www.weforum.org/
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_ENV_TowardsCircularEconomy_Report_2014.pdf
This presentation helps you to discover what is circular economy and what are the opportunities of this new model.
In a few slides, you can easily understand the issues on resources and the methods to improve materials, products or components value and life span.
Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns Towards a Circular Economy Transition Ksenia Benifand
Shifting Mainstream Consumption Patterns Towards a Circular Economy Transition
by Ksenia Benifand was submitted to OCAD University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Design in Strategic Foresight & Innovation
Toronto, Ontario, Canada, April, 2015
Abstract
This Major Research Project (MRP) explores how we might shift mainstream consumption patterns as we transition towards the Circular Economy.
The research identifies essential circular consumption behaviour patterns, motivating drivers for choosing the behaviours, and barriers that may hinder adoption if not addressed. Strategies and case studies for cultivating and accelerating new social norm conditions and external contexts necessary to foster and support circular patterns of consumption are also examined. Finally, consumer engagement strategies and recommendations are proposed as guidance for organizations transitioning into circular modes of value exchange or business models, and for policy makers and advocates looking to support the circular economy transition.
Get Wasted, Session 1: Waste to Wealth - The Circular Economy Advantage - 01...GA Circular
This is the slide deck presented at our 1st event of a pressing Series on 'Circular Economy & Waste Management' in Asia.
8 million tonnes of plastic leak into the oceans each year, and more than 80% is from Asia! If we don't act now, there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish by 2050. It is time for individuals, companies and governments to rethink waste, especially in Asia. Today's linear ‘take, make, dispose’ economic model relies on large quantities of cheap, easily accessible materials and energy, and is a model that is reaching its physical limits. Today 80–120 billion USD of plastic materials is lost to the economy every year (plastic which is used just one time and then incinerated, landfilled or leaked into ocean). This is not just a business loss, but one of the biggest environmental challenges of our time.
An attractive and viable alternative that governments and businesses are exploring is the Circular Economy. This session - specifically focusing on plastic - brought insights from global business leaders, to social entrepreneurs and waste pickers who are all beginning to see waste not as trash, but as a resource. In emerging countries, managing waste has even become a solution to uplift people out of poverty. As the issue keeps growing, new regulations (such as Extended Producer Responsibility) have started to come into effect across Asia, making brands & producers responsible for recycling their post-consumer waste. Our speakers shared what it implies for big brands and each of us.
Among some of the world’s top corporate leaders, there’s a growing understanding that traditional business models—built on the presumption of unlimited and cheap natural resources—must be reworked for 21st century realities. The circular economy represents a markedly different way of doing business, replacing established practices like planned obsolescence with new approaches to generating profits. This report examines how brands from Puma and Ford to Ikea and Starbucks are becoming more circular, why this concept is gaining more adherents now and implications for brands. The circular economy is an important topic not only because the approach is far better for the planet but also because tapping into its principles may well be essential to long-term competitiveness.
Jugaad: innovation with high social and environmental impactsWiithaa
Coming from India and emerging countries, JUGAAD is the art of responding to problems in a simple and fast way, using very few resources.
In a context of need for innovation and progress, a designer or entrepreneur who thinks and acts JUGAAD can create many values, socially, environmentally and economically.
Explanation of the currently all-over-the-place Circular Economy concept in a policy context. Showcase and discussion on examples that implemented a combination of strategies on both sustainable material management, business and value networks. Some new tools will get you further on the circular road as a path of innovation.
Basic model of our Circular Economy Academy initiative. Connecting systems thinking, economical perspectives and practical business. Also attention for capacity-building. We cab perform this in-company: djj@opai.eu
Sustainable design & product development with circular economy and upcycling Kyungeun Sung
The slides presented and used for the invited design workshop in Industrial Design division, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool. This presentation begins with personal introduction followed by workshop introduction and learning outcomes. The main part consists of sustainable practice, beyond papers and beyond recycling, circular economy, sustainable design, upcycling research and workshop procedures.
Building the circular economy: time to shift!Leonard
The construction sector - responsible for around a quarter of CO2 emissions and first waste producer in Europe - is called upon to accelerate its transition to an economy that is more sober in terms of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions. This effort is all the more crucial at a time of new geopolitical instabilities and persistent tensions in the supply chain following the two-year pandemic, which make it more difficult to supply world markets. So how can we remove the obstacles to the development of the circular economy in construction and successfully transform the professions in cities and regions?
A presentation by prof Walter Stahel at the seminar "Towards a circular economy" organized by Swedish think tank Global Utmaning and Stockholm Resilience Centre at Galleri 3, Kulturhuset, Stockholm, on the 16th of April 2012.
Among some of the world’s top corporate leaders, there’s a growing understanding that traditional business models—built on the presumption of unlimited and cheap natural resources—must be reworked for 21st century realities. The circular economy represents a markedly different way of doing business, replacing established practices like planned obsolescence with new approaches to generating profits. This report examines how brands from Puma and Ford to Ikea and Starbucks are becoming more circular, why this concept is gaining more adherents now and implications for brands. The circular economy is an important topic not only because the approach is far better for the planet but also because tapping into its principles may well be essential to long-term competitiveness.
Jugaad: innovation with high social and environmental impactsWiithaa
Coming from India and emerging countries, JUGAAD is the art of responding to problems in a simple and fast way, using very few resources.
In a context of need for innovation and progress, a designer or entrepreneur who thinks and acts JUGAAD can create many values, socially, environmentally and economically.
Explanation of the currently all-over-the-place Circular Economy concept in a policy context. Showcase and discussion on examples that implemented a combination of strategies on both sustainable material management, business and value networks. Some new tools will get you further on the circular road as a path of innovation.
Basic model of our Circular Economy Academy initiative. Connecting systems thinking, economical perspectives and practical business. Also attention for capacity-building. We cab perform this in-company: djj@opai.eu
Sustainable design & product development with circular economy and upcycling Kyungeun Sung
The slides presented and used for the invited design workshop in Industrial Design division, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool. This presentation begins with personal introduction followed by workshop introduction and learning outcomes. The main part consists of sustainable practice, beyond papers and beyond recycling, circular economy, sustainable design, upcycling research and workshop procedures.
Building the circular economy: time to shift!Leonard
The construction sector - responsible for around a quarter of CO2 emissions and first waste producer in Europe - is called upon to accelerate its transition to an economy that is more sober in terms of natural resources and greenhouse gas emissions. This effort is all the more crucial at a time of new geopolitical instabilities and persistent tensions in the supply chain following the two-year pandemic, which make it more difficult to supply world markets. So how can we remove the obstacles to the development of the circular economy in construction and successfully transform the professions in cities and regions?
A presentation by prof Walter Stahel at the seminar "Towards a circular economy" organized by Swedish think tank Global Utmaning and Stockholm Resilience Centre at Galleri 3, Kulturhuset, Stockholm, on the 16th of April 2012.
Resource Efficiency - The new watchword of sustainabilityRamon Arratia
There’s a growing global consensus that we’re at a crossroads on the environment. Not only do we face the increasingly urgent challenge of climate change, but we are also witnessing unprecedented demands on energy and fuel, water and material resource scarcity, huge population and life expectancy growth, concerns about food security, and a growing consumerism in the East that is putting an added strain on the global store of raw materials.
Resource productivity improvements could satisfy nearly 30% of demand by 2030.
Recent rises in global GDP and inroads into tackling poverty have largely been achieved by increasing economic growth. But the resource- dependent models that have allowed this to happen can no longer be sustained. In the past, increases in productivity have often come through more efficient use of labour, but the opportunity for further gains here is limited. To continue to make progress we need to squeeze more out of the resources at our disposal.
‘Resource efficiency’ will become the new watchword of sustainability. Accenture and the World Economic Forum recently produced a report looking at how to make consumption more sustainable by decoupling growth from environmental impact. They suggested that $2 trillion manufacturers of products that worth of economic output could be at risk by 2030 if major global economies fail to respond to shortages in the supply of just one resource - iron (and, more importantly, the steel that comes from it). This demonstrates the scale of the challenge we are up against. Accenture and the WEF conclude that ‘the need for rapid action to shift towards a resource-efficient economy is high’ - and that despite some successes to date, ‘change is now. More positively, greater resource efficiency also creates a business opportunity; it improves productivity, reduces costs and enhances competitiveness. If companies are less dependent on the availability of certain raw materials, they are less vulnerable to supply fluctuations and hikes in prices. This in turn means they can offer customers a more reliable supply of their products.
School project on tips gathered from the listed References. Note that I am not endorsing the outside websites listed in this summary guide, but listing them as an FYI and the guides are for personal use only. For more information on reuse please see my website http://reusephoenix.weebly.com/. Thank you.
100520 fluidization past and future, plenary by horio at fluidization xiiiMasayuki Horio
The lecture consists of two parts:
1. Introduction of my recent activity at JST-RISTEX on community based activities against global warming
2. Historical perspective of fluidization science and engineering
In the latter a unique discussion was attempted on the structure of nature (existing things) and the 3 stage law in paradigm shift in scientific research. The history of fluidization research was then analysed in terms of the three stage law.
These slides cover briefly the concept of circular economy, how it aims at reducing waste to a minimum. When a product reaches the end of its life, its materials are kept within the economy wherever possible. These materials would then be productively used again and again, thereby creating further value. Circular economy has enormous benefits when compared against the traditional linear and recycling economies.
A presentation to explain the challenges of municipal solid waste management in Gurgaon (India) - aimed at high school students. Promotes moving towards a circular economy and an integrated approach to waste management. Promotes adoption of MSW Rules and offers suggestions for action - at a citizens level.
Congres Topsector logistiek - Business models voor de circulaire economie Bas Van Bree
De logistieke sector kan een belangrijke en sturende rol pakken in de ontwikkeling van de circulaire economie. Deze presentatie geeft inzicht in de CE en de mogelijkheden voor de logistiek
Over the next few decades the number of people living in cities will nearly double. Yet even today many cities lack sufficient clean drinking water, electricity and other basic resources essentially needed to support the exploding populations and stable strengthen economy.
These problems are created by rampant urbanization and are amongst the most important challenges of our times. These problems represent greatest responsibilities for the emerging business models by positioning them to shape the sustainable economic landscape of the future.
Across the world addressing resource scarcity involves either government action or private-sector action and either increasing the resource base or managing the demand by reducing and reutilizing. A vast opportunity exists for the private sector to provide products and services that make the most efficient use of available resources.
Comment un chef d'entreprise ou PDG doit-il comprendre le développement durable ?
Vous avez besoin d'aide pour en déchiffrer le jargon, les outils, les méthodes et le cadre de travail ?
Vous cherchez à comprendre le business case de transformation durable ?
Marilyn Waite, experte du développement durable, nous expliquera comment transformer les produits, les services et l'ensemble de l'organisation pour des résultats à long terme.
Des exercices pratiques et une séance de questions/réponses concluront cette Master class.
Rather the conventional "Take, make, consume and dispose" this type of economy is the one which will help find a value in the most absurd of waste products.
This reduced the reliance on rare materials and at the same time it also reduced the waste and pollution being cycled back in to the environment caused by the extraction of raw materials.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
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Service, Performance or Goods by Walter Stahel
1. Service, Performance or Goods ?
Circular Economy selling functional services
and performance rather than goods
EMF Amsterdam 21. 05. 12
Walter R. Stahel
Visiting Professor, University of Surrey
Founder-Director, The Product-Life Institute, Geneva
www.product-life.org, productlife.org@gmail.com
1
1
2. The principle of sustainability
Sustainability = holistic, systemic, future-creating
solutions, following the Iroquois motto:
In all your endeavours, consider the impact
on the coming seven generations.
“Simple, convincing solutions, based on the
principles of sustainability in order
to gain long-term validity”
3. Three parts of the puzzle
1 Objectives 2 Business model C.E.
Growth
$
kg mh
Resource Jobs
consump-
tion
3 Sustainable taxation – creating incentives
Steuern sind zum steuern da, Stahel,
23.03.2012
5. Objectives: decoupling wealth and resource
consumption while creating regional jobs
EU agenda 2008
wealth up for future growth
Agenda 21 $
Rio 1992 ch. 8
kg mh
resource- jobs up
consumption down Agenda 21 ch. 9
A resource efficient low-carbon every election campaign
Europe 2011 (EU Commission)
Stahel, The Performance Economy, 2006/2010
8. Principles of sustainable taxation
a do not tax renewable resources,
tax consumption of non-renewable
resources
b accept that work – human labour –
is a renewable resource
Note
• a shift to a Circular Economy needs no subsidies
(unlike renewable energies),
• not-taxing work creates virtuous loops (self-rein-
forcing job-creation catalysts).
9. The government (labour) angle
• Govs should give priority to human labour in
resource use because a barrel of oil or a ton of
coal left in the ground for another decade will
not deteriorate, nor will it demand social
welfare,
• People at work are a desire for govs, which
invest more than 10 years in the education and
vocational training of young people to bring
them to market,
• Unemployed people present a high cost for
govs and a lost opportunity for the national
economy,
• Not taxing labour reduces incentives for black
labour in the shadow economy and reduce the
costs for govs to monitor and punish abuses. 9
11. Today’s linear industrial economy
more growth means more throughput
zero-life products
resources materials manufacturing distrib. P.O.S. use waste
micro-economic profit optimisation P.O.S. CONSUMER STATE
The manufacturer’s liability for industrial goods
concerns the manufacturing quality.
Property and liability are transferred to the CONSUMER at the
21st C P.O.S. and the State
BUT: asbestos, tobacco, GHG emissions class action suites
12. Economics of the Circular Economy to manage
stocks locally, not flows globally, today
labour-intensive the small
resource-miser
loops
reman activities
resource
security
X remanufacturing
goods
X
re-using goods
the large loop renovating buildings, renting goods,
(recycling) reman capital goods, refilling bottles,
maintain/upgrade second-hand
infrastructure
Source: Product-Life Institute, 1976 goods, e-bay 12
13. 1 Wealth preservation instead of wealth substitution,
Re-use is the prime strategy for markets near saturation
new car registrations
flow destroyed stock
number of scrapped cars
21st C
1960 1995
13
14. Local is beautiful in a C.E.
the smaller the loops, the more sustainable
The principles of a C.E.:
• The smaller the loop (geographically and loop) the
more profitable and resource efficient
• Stock optimisation replaces flow optimisation (except
for goods with innovative technology, destructions),
bathtub calculation: utilisation value replaces exchange
value, maintaining wealth ‘completes’ value added
• Loops have no beginning and no end
• Slow loop speeds are crucial for high material efficiency
(coke cans, reversed accumulated interests)
15. Five key impacts of CE
on economy and society
Small loops
1 use human labour instead of energy and
materials, at lower costs,
2 create local jobs of all qualifications,
3 promote caring: maintaining stock is based
on maintaining existing values and qualities,
4 reduce resource consumption and
environmental impairment,
5 create resource security (national and
corporate)
16. Impacts of a C.E. on economy and society:
labour, jobs
1 The small loops of a CE substitute
manpower for energy
Fritz Schumacher (1973) Small is beautiful, economics
as if people mattered, Chapter 2.1: Education
Walter R. Stahel (1976) The potential for substituting
manpower for energy, report to the EU Commission
Bruce Hannon, Faye Dutchin and other U.S. professors
17. Local job creation through longer service life – skilled workers
replace material and energy in manufacturing
Veränderung der Kostenanteile über 50 Jahre
100%
90% non-renewable
80% resources
70%
60%
spare parts Abschreibunge
n
Öl und
50% Kleinteile
Ersatzteile
40%
30%
20%
10% renewable ressources
0%
0 10 20 30 40 50
Nutzungsjahr
17
18. A C.E. uses and trains the highest
quality resource
Work—human labour
• Is the most adaptable, innovative but also the
most vulnerable of all resources,
• Has a major qualitative component (capabilities,
satisfaction, caring)
• Is the only resource with such learning
capabilities as creativity and innovation
• BUT: human capabilities degrade if not used and
continuously educated – continued employment
and education are key
19. Impacts of a C.E. on economy and society:
jobs, caring, quality
The small loops of a Circular Economy
2 create local jobs of all qualifications,
3 promote caring: maintaining stock is
based on maintaining existing values and
qualities,
20. The small loops of a C.E. promote caring
which is key to any stock management
• Stock management involves caring
– preserving manufactured capital (buildings,
infrastructure, equipment, goods) preserves the
embedded energy, water, GHG emissions,
– fostering people’s quality of life (skills, education
and health services, knowledge),
– maintaining culture and cultural heritage capital
(incl. technology), museums,
– making best use of natural capital (e.g.
producing bio food from organic agriculture,
wooden furniture, leather shoes, wool textiles)
21. The quality angle of a C.E.
The circular economy is
• regional, meaning less transport volumes and
shorter distances in the processing chain,
• more labour-intensive than manufacturing because
economies of scale are limited,
• a high-quality world: Stradivari instruments and
expensive watches do not live forever by design, but
through periodic remanufacturing,
• the knowledge and know-how of past technologies
are necessary for retrofitting infrastructure and
equipment (i.e. employing silver workers)
21
22. Impacts of a C.E. on economy and society:
higher economic competitiveness and
material efficiency, reduced environmental
impairments
4 a C.E. reduces costs and
resource consumption and environmental
impairments
23. Sustainable competitiveness:
material efficiency means profits
• A circular economy (better design and more
efficient use of material) could save European
manufacturers US$630bn a year by 2025,
according to a 2012 report by the Ellen MacArthur
Foundation, London.
• The report, produced by consultancy McKinsey,
only covers five sectors that represent a little less
than half of the GDP contribution of EU manufac-
turing, but still calculates that greater resource
efficiency could deliver multi-billion Euro savings
equivalent to 23 per cent of current spending on
manufacturing inputs.
24. The environmental impairment angle
The small loops of a C.E. promote a circular regional
economy instead of a linear global one, energy- and
material-wise:
• transport distances of reuse and reman are a
fraction of those in manufacturing chains,
• reuse and reman activities need less energy than
manufacturing processes (produce less CO2),
• reuse and reman activities use a fraction of
resources of manufacturing the same good,
• REE in nanotechnology applications might only be
recovered by reusing the components.
24
25. The resource / environment angle
A 2004 sectoral study on restoring used automotive engines
compared to a like-new condition showed lower economic
costs (30-53%) and much lower environmental
costs compared to manufacturing engines:
• raw material consumption down by 26-90%,
• waste generation down by 65-88%,
• energy consumption down by 68-83%,
• 73-78% fewer carbon dioxide (CO2),
• 48-88% less CO,
• 72-85% less NOx,
• 71-84% less SOx,
• 50-61% less non-methane hydrocarbons emissions.
Source: Smith, VM and Keolian, GA (2004) The value of remanufactured engines, life-cycle
environmental and economic perspectives, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 8(1-2) 193-222 25
26. GHG reduction
mio t GHG emissions
Circular
800 mio t Economy
Lifetime
optimisation
(restorative)
Goods as
services
100 mio t Geman EEG
Source: WRAP 26
(2009)
27. Impacts of a C.E. on economy and society:
economic competitiveness and material
efficiency
5 Selling goods as services means
maintained resource ownership by
manufacturers and creates resource
security
Walter R. Stahel (2010) The Performance Economy,
Tim Jackson (2011) Prosperity without growth,
economics for a finite planet
29. The Performance Economy - selling
performance--goods as services
• is the most profitable and competitive business
model of the Circular Economy,
• is sustainable and preventive as manufacturers
internalise the cost of risk and of waste,
• leads to radical and rapid new product design for
take-back and reuse of goods and components,
• achieves the highest resource efficiency and
security as it maintains ownership of material,
• exploits sufficiency and prevention as profit
strategies
29
30. Key business strategies of
the Performance Economy
sufficiency
Source: Stahel, W.R. (2010) The Performance
Economy, p. 102.
32. ‘Paradigm shift’ of the Millennium
• Rising commodity prices indicate that
continued ownership means future profits
and a higher resource security
The goods of today are the
resources of tomorrow at the
resource prices of yesterday
33. The Performance Economy: sustainable profits with an
internalisation of the costs of risk and waste
manufacturer consumer waste
industrial economy dispersed
selling goods warranty consumer State carries
carries all waste costs
risiks
manufacturer/fleet manager consumer waste
Performance Economy concentrated
selling system manufacturer/
utilisation fleet manager
carries all risks
strong economic incentive for
loss and waste prevention
34. The Performance Economy uses absolute
decoupling indicators to monitor more wealth and
jobs from less resource consumption
wealth up
$/kg up $
kg mh
mh/kg
resource- jobs up
up
consumption down
Stahel, The Performance Economy, 2006/2010
35. using absolute decoupling indicators
The mh/kg ratio of remanufacturing a car engine is 270 times that 35
of manufacturing a new engine
36. Example: Private
Finance Initiatives
(PFI)
are increasingly used
for the construction
and long-term opera-
tion of infrastruc-
tures by a single
economic actor.
Le Viaduc de Millau, a
2001 78-year contract
to design, finance,
build and operate the
bridge (to 2079), with
a maintenance
contract until 2121
Le pont de Millau, France
38. The art of incentives
If you want to build ships, do not assemble
men to procure timber, to define tasks and
delegate work, but teach people the
longing for the sea
“Créer la pente vers la mer”
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Citadel
39. The role of the three puzzle pieces
1 Objectives 2 Business model
Growth
$
kg mh
Resource Jobs
consumpt
3 Sustainable taxation creates
incentives for success
Steuern sind zum steuern da, Stahel,
23.03.2012
40. Where to find more
information:
The Performance Economy
Walter R. Stahel
published by
Palgrave Macmillan London
March 2010
translated into Simplified
Mandarin
productlife.org@gmail.com
http://product-life.org
22/05/2012 The Performance Economy 40
42. Sustainable
taxation is a RESOURCE SECURITY
booster to
increase:
resource SUSTAINABLE JOB
security,
and jobs TAXATION CREATION
prevent
GHG
emissions GHG EMISSION REDUCTION
Copyright/author:
Walter R. Stahel
2011