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Cytoskeleton Journal Club                 June 13, 2012




                            Presented by Suk Namgoong
Adenomanous Polypolis Coli (APC)
• Main component of Wnt Signaling Pathway
• In the absence of bounded Wnt on Wnt receptor, it forms ‘destruction
  complex’ for β-catanin,
    - mediates proteolytic degradation of β-catenin
• By the bound of wnt into wnt receptor Frizzled, APC release β-catenin and β-
  catenin was translocated into nucleus and ctivated various Wnt target genes
  (Development, Morphogenesis, Cancers..)
• Tumor Suppressor Gene
    - Mutations on APC gene cause a hereditary cancer syndrome called
       Familiar Adenomanous Polypolis (FAP)
    - Loss of APC functions by mutations has been found frequently colorectal
       cancers
APC directly nucleates actin assembly via C-terminal
                              Basic Domain




© 2010 Okada et al.   Okada K et al. J Cell Biol 2010;189:1087-1096
No Sequence Homology with known actin binding domain/motifs




It is dimer.
mDia1 and APC-B synergize to promote actin assembly in
      the combined presence of profilin and capping protein.




                            Okada K et al. J Cell Biol 2010;189:1087-1096
© 2010 Okada et al.
Two different binding mode of Actin nucleators
Arp2/3 complex stay on the ‘pointed end’ (slow growing end) of actin filaments




Formins remains processively bound on ‘barbed end’ (fast growing end)




 How about APC? From which side of actin filaments it initiate actin nucleation?
Synergistic actin nucleations by APC and mDia1


            (Cappuccino)   Yeast Bnr1 – bud6



                    During the nucleation, Formins and other nucleation
                    factors interact each other and synergize nucleations.

                    But what will happen after nucleation?

                    Do formins and other nucleators dissociate after
                    nucleation?

                    or formins carry all other stuffs along with elongation?
                    (not likely, but we don‟t know yet)
54
 9

     SNAP    FH1                    FH2
                                                 64
                      APC (Basic)         SNAP    7




                                            Oregon-Green
                                            Labeled Actin
                 64
                  7
PEG                      A




      Laser excitation
Complex Formations of mDia1, APC-C, OregonGreen-Actin (LatB treated)
Namgoong et al., Nature Struct Mol. Biol. 2011




I feel De ja vu….. 
APC                                                           VopL




APC stays bound on the pointed
end of actin Filaments            VopL is dissociated from the filament end
                                  and „spit out‟ new filaments continuously




                                 vs




     “Rocket Launcher”                               “Machine Gun”

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Rocket Launcher Mechanism of Collaborative Actin Assembly Defined by Single-Molecule Imaging

  • 1. Cytoskeleton Journal Club June 13, 2012 Presented by Suk Namgoong
  • 2. Adenomanous Polypolis Coli (APC) • Main component of Wnt Signaling Pathway • In the absence of bounded Wnt on Wnt receptor, it forms ‘destruction complex’ for β-catanin, - mediates proteolytic degradation of β-catenin • By the bound of wnt into wnt receptor Frizzled, APC release β-catenin and β- catenin was translocated into nucleus and ctivated various Wnt target genes (Development, Morphogenesis, Cancers..) • Tumor Suppressor Gene - Mutations on APC gene cause a hereditary cancer syndrome called Familiar Adenomanous Polypolis (FAP) - Loss of APC functions by mutations has been found frequently colorectal cancers
  • 3. APC directly nucleates actin assembly via C-terminal Basic Domain © 2010 Okada et al. Okada K et al. J Cell Biol 2010;189:1087-1096
  • 4. No Sequence Homology with known actin binding domain/motifs It is dimer.
  • 5. mDia1 and APC-B synergize to promote actin assembly in the combined presence of profilin and capping protein. Okada K et al. J Cell Biol 2010;189:1087-1096 © 2010 Okada et al.
  • 6. Two different binding mode of Actin nucleators Arp2/3 complex stay on the ‘pointed end’ (slow growing end) of actin filaments Formins remains processively bound on ‘barbed end’ (fast growing end) How about APC? From which side of actin filaments it initiate actin nucleation?
  • 7. Synergistic actin nucleations by APC and mDia1 (Cappuccino) Yeast Bnr1 – bud6 During the nucleation, Formins and other nucleation factors interact each other and synergize nucleations. But what will happen after nucleation? Do formins and other nucleators dissociate after nucleation? or formins carry all other stuffs along with elongation? (not likely, but we don‟t know yet)
  • 8. 54 9 SNAP FH1 FH2 64 APC (Basic) SNAP 7 Oregon-Green Labeled Actin 64 7 PEG A Laser excitation
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  • 12. Complex Formations of mDia1, APC-C, OregonGreen-Actin (LatB treated)
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  • 17. Namgoong et al., Nature Struct Mol. Biol. 2011 I feel De ja vu….. 
  • 18. APC VopL APC stays bound on the pointed end of actin Filaments VopL is dissociated from the filament end and „spit out‟ new filaments continuously vs “Rocket Launcher” “Machine Gun”