Rna.mvanleer
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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis: RNA polymerase first synthesizes mRNA in the nucleus by transcribing DNA; the mRNA is then exported from the nucleus through the nuclear pore and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; ribosomes translate the mRNA into a protein using tRNA to add amino acids specified by codons in the mRNA; translation continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a polypeptide chain that folds into the final protein structure.
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Bioproject2
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which has two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and builds an mRNA strand using the coding region as a template, before the mRNA strand exits the nucleus. Translation then occurs on ribosomes, where tRNAs bring amino acids to the mRNA start codon and assemble a protein based on the mRNA sequence until reaching the stop codon.
Rna bio
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
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This document presents a model of protein synthesis. It shows RNA polymerase transcribing a DNA strand to produce an mRNA strand in the nucleus. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and uses it as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein chain through peptide bonds. Finally, the amino acids fold into a three-dimensional tertiary structure that gives the protein its functional shape.
Hoofdstuk 20 2008 deel 1
This chapter discusses DNA technology techniques including restriction enzymes, recombinant DNA, cloning genes, PCR, electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. It provides an overview of using bacterial plasmids to clone genes, including restriction digestion to create sticky or blunt ends, ligation to insert DNA fragments into plasmids, transforming bacteria to reproduce the recombinant DNA, and selecting colonies containing the cloned gene. The chapter also describes applications of cloned genes and using restriction enzymes and ligation to create recombinant DNA.
Protein synthesis project
The document describes the process of transcription and translation in a cell. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and creates an mRNA strand in the nucleus. The mRNA strand then moves to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA strand binds to a ribosome where tRNA brings amino acids to add to a growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA codons. The polypeptide chain then folds into the final 3D protein structure.
FLIP BOOK NOO BEN!!!!!
The document is a flipbook that summarizes the process of transcription and translation. It shows RNA polymerase binding to DNA and unwinding it to access the template strand. It then moves along the DNA, reading the promoter region and creating mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to the mRNA codons and add amino acids to form a protein chain. RNA polymerase eventually reaches a stop codon and protein synthesis is complete.
Rna processing
Rna processing
Capping of the pre-mRNA involves the addition of 7-methylguanosine (m7G) to the 5' end.
Translation
Translation
is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.
Protein
Are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues
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on youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbKP98oLDsM
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
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Bioproject2
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which has two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and builds an mRNA strand using the coding region as a template, before the mRNA strand exits the nucleus. Translation then occurs on ribosomes, where tRNAs bring amino acids to the mRNA start codon and assemble a protein based on the mRNA sequence until reaching the stop codon.
Rna bio
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
KPerry Protein synthesis model
This document presents a model of protein synthesis. It shows RNA polymerase transcribing a DNA strand to produce an mRNA strand in the nucleus. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and uses it as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein chain through peptide bonds. Finally, the amino acids fold into a three-dimensional tertiary structure that gives the protein its functional shape.
Hoofdstuk 20 2008 deel 1
This chapter discusses DNA technology techniques including restriction enzymes, recombinant DNA, cloning genes, PCR, electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing. It provides an overview of using bacterial plasmids to clone genes, including restriction digestion to create sticky or blunt ends, ligation to insert DNA fragments into plasmids, transforming bacteria to reproduce the recombinant DNA, and selecting colonies containing the cloned gene. The chapter also describes applications of cloned genes and using restriction enzymes and ligation to create recombinant DNA.
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The document describes the process of transcription and translation in a cell. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and creates an mRNA strand in the nucleus. The mRNA strand then moves to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA strand binds to a ribosome where tRNA brings amino acids to add to a growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA codons. The polypeptide chain then folds into the final 3D protein structure.
FLIP BOOK NOO BEN!!!!!
The document is a flipbook that summarizes the process of transcription and translation. It shows RNA polymerase binding to DNA and unwinding it to access the template strand. It then moves along the DNA, reading the promoter region and creating mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to the mRNA codons and add amino acids to form a protein chain. RNA polymerase eventually reaches a stop codon and protein synthesis is complete.
Rna processing
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Capping of the pre-mRNA involves the addition of 7-methylguanosine (m7G) to the 5' end.
Translation
Translation
is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression.
Protein
Are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
on youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbKP98oLDsM
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Flip 10 henrice
The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. [1] Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to produce mRNA. [2] The mRNA exits the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm, where it binds to ribosomes. [3] Translation then occurs, as the ribosome reads the mRNA and pairs tRNAs with their complementary anticodons to add amino acids in the specified order and produce a polypeptide chain.
Rna Folding
RNA folding is affected by transcription elongation. As the RNA is synthesized within the elongation complex, its ability to fold is constrained. This can affect downstream processes like intrinsic transcription termination that depend on the formation of RNA hairpin structures. Experiments using RNase T1 to probe RNA structures in elongation complexes at different positions show that the hairpin involved in intrinsic termination begins to form early but may not fully fold until after the RNA is released from the elongation complex. Competing RNA-RNA interactions or kinetic constraints of hairpin folding within the elongation complex can influence the efficiency of intrinsic termination.
Protein.synthesis.flipbook
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by linking amino acids specified by codons until reaching a stop codon, forming a polypeptide chain. The polypeptide chain folds into its final three-dimensional protein structure.
Protein.synthesis.flipbook
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by matching tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons, linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain. Translation continues until a stop codon is reached, and the final polypeptide folds into its tertiary structure.
Protein.synthesis.flipbook
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA brings amino acids to pair with mRNA codons. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a folded protein with tertiary structure.
GenBank Coding Sequences
This document lists GenBank coding sequences for 7 genes - Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per2, Per3, and Opn4x - that were contributed to the University of Minnesota from studies of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). It provides the gene names, sequence lengths, accession numbers, and NCBI IDs for each partial mRNA sequence.
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Structure of Gene
Genes are the basic unit of heredity that transfer information from one generation to another. A gene is a segment of DNA containing a sequence of nucleotides that encodes for RNA and protein. Eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons, with regulatory sequences like promoters and enhancers/silencers that control gene expression. Prokaryotic genes can be monocistronic or polycistronic operons containing multiple protein coding regions controlled by a single promoter.
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1. rRNA forms ribosomes which bind to mRNA transcripts.
2. tRNA reads the mRNA and transfers corresponding amino acids.
3. Amino acids bond together to form a protein chain until the ribosome reaches a stop codon, completing translation.
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The document summarizes research into reactivating fetal gamma-globin gene expression in adult erythroid cells as a potential therapeutic approach for beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Two key strategies are discussed: 1) Re-targeting the LCR to the gamma-globin genes by using an artificial LDB1 protein, which increases gamma-globin levels. 2) Relieving gamma-globin silencing and altering LCR looping through inhibiting the H3K9 methyltransferase G9a, also increasing gamma-globin. Both approaches suggest chromosome looping can be therapeutically targeted in beta-hemoglobinopathies.
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This document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It describes how the DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm, where it binds to ribosomes. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on complementarity with the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together to form a protein chain, which is released when a stop codon is reached.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis in a cell. It shows RNA polymerase transcribing DNA in the nucleus and exporting mRNA to the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by linking amino acids according to the codon sequences to form a polypeptide chain. Multiple ribosomes are shown producing multiple protein chains.
RNA_LexiZanaglio
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
Presentation1
The document shows the process of protein synthesis:
1) In the nucleus, RNA polymerase unzips DNA and copies its sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand.
2) The mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm.
3) In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome which reads its sequence in groups of three bases (codons).
4) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules matching these codons bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
5) The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein.
Protein.synthesis.flipbook
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis: 1) RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA in the nucleus; 2) the mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; 3) the ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA molecules add amino acids according to the mRNA codons. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a functional protein.
Translation_Transcription_Greenblatt
The document describes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. During transcription, RNA polymerase in the nucleus copies DNA sequences into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match up with mRNA codons on the ribosome and deliver corresponding amino acids. Peptide bonds form the amino acids into a protein chain. The end result is the production of a protein from genetic instructions.
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The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. [1] Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to produce mRNA. [2] The mRNA exits the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm, where it binds to ribosomes. [3] Translation then occurs, as the ribosome reads the mRNA and pairs tRNAs with their complementary anticodons to add amino acids in the specified order and produce a polypeptide chain.
Rna Folding
RNA folding is affected by transcription elongation. As the RNA is synthesized within the elongation complex, its ability to fold is constrained. This can affect downstream processes like intrinsic transcription termination that depend on the formation of RNA hairpin structures. Experiments using RNase T1 to probe RNA structures in elongation complexes at different positions show that the hairpin involved in intrinsic termination begins to form early but may not fully fold until after the RNA is released from the elongation complex. Competing RNA-RNA interactions or kinetic constraints of hairpin folding within the elongation complex can influence the efficiency of intrinsic termination.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by linking amino acids specified by codons until reaching a stop codon, forming a polypeptide chain. The polypeptide chain folds into its final three-dimensional protein structure.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by matching tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons, linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain. Translation continues until a stop codon is reached, and the final polypeptide folds into its tertiary structure.
Protein.synthesis.flipbook
The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA brings amino acids to pair with mRNA codons. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a folded protein with tertiary structure.
GenBank Coding Sequences
This document lists GenBank coding sequences for 7 genes - Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per2, Per3, and Opn4x - that were contributed to the University of Minnesota from studies of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). It provides the gene names, sequence lengths, accession numbers, and NCBI IDs for each partial mRNA sequence.
Varda Rotter - Weizmann Institute of Science.
El martes 26 de septiembre del 2017 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un Simposio Internacional sobre nuevas perspectivas en la investigación sobre el cáncer. En colaboración con el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) y Weizmann Institute for Science.
DNA recombinant technology
This document summarizes the key steps in recombinant DNA technology. It describes the required features of plasmids used for cloning, including an origin of replication, selectable marker, screenable marker, and cloning sites. It explains how restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA and how ligases join DNA fragments. It describes transforming bacteria with recombinant plasmids and selecting for transformed colonies. Finally, it provides examples of commercially available proteins and therapeutics produced through recombinant DNA technology, including hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and fusion proteins.
Structure of Gene
Genes are the basic unit of heredity that transfer information from one generation to another. A gene is a segment of DNA containing a sequence of nucleotides that encodes for RNA and protein. Eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons, with regulatory sequences like promoters and enhancers/silencers that control gene expression. Prokaryotic genes can be monocistronic or polycistronic operons containing multiple protein coding regions controlled by a single promoter.
scFABuv antibody production Internship
The document summarizes the production of a single chain antibody fragment (scFabuv) that binds to green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Key steps included amplifying the light and heavy antibody chains separately with PCR, linking them together with a linker, inserting this fusion into the pPICZalphaA plasmid, transforming it into P. pastoris, selecting clones, and inducing clones to secrete the scFabuv fragment into the media. Analysis with SDS-PAGE and western blot showed that several clones successfully secreted the scFabuv protein after induction. Future work will test the binding activity of the secreted scFabuv to its target GFPuv.
Translation with jake but still no colton
1. rRNA forms ribosomes which bind to mRNA transcripts.
2. tRNA reads the mRNA and transfers corresponding amino acids.
3. Amino acids bond together to form a protein chain until the ribosome reaches a stop codon, completing translation.
Melanoma genetics and treatment
This document summarizes genetic markers and targeted therapies for melanoma. It notes that BRAF mutations are present in 40-70% of melanomas and that drugs like vemurafenib and dabrafenib that target mutated BRAF have shown improved survival compared to chemotherapy in clinical trials. For melanomas with NRAS or KIT mutations, drugs targeting the MEK pathway or KIT, respectively, are under investigation. The document also reviews genetic markers and potential targeted therapies for different anatomical sites of melanoma like the skin, mucosa, and uveal melanoma.
Kn189
The document lists several chemotherapy regimens for treating stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer without mutations in EGFR, ALK or ROS1. It provides median overall survival rates for each regimen ranging from 7.7 to 15.7 months. It notes that regimens containing pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy have closer to a 70% rate of patients living more than one year, compared to standard chemotherapy where around 50% of patients live about one year.
2015 DevSem NIH
The document summarizes research into reactivating fetal gamma-globin gene expression in adult erythroid cells as a potential therapeutic approach for beta-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Two key strategies are discussed: 1) Re-targeting the LCR to the gamma-globin genes by using an artificial LDB1 protein, which increases gamma-globin levels. 2) Relieving gamma-globin silencing and altering LCR looping through inhibiting the H3K9 methyltransferase G9a, also increasing gamma-globin. Both approaches suggest chromosome looping can be therapeutically targeted in beta-hemoglobinopathies.
Sintesis de proteinas
This document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It describes how the DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm, where it binds to ribosomes. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on complementarity with the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together to form a protein chain, which is released when a stop codon is reached.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
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The document shows the process of protein synthesis:
1) In the nucleus, RNA polymerase unzips DNA and copies its sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand.
2) The mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm.
3) In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome which reads its sequence in groups of three bases (codons).
4) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules matching these codons bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
5) The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis: 1) RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA in the nucleus; 2) the mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; 3) the ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA molecules add amino acids according to the mRNA codons. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a functional protein.
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The document describes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. During transcription, RNA polymerase in the nucleus copies DNA sequences into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match up with mRNA codons on the ribosome and deliver corresponding amino acids. Peptide bonds form the amino acids into a protein chain. The end result is the production of a protein from genetic instructions.
Flipbook
The document describes the processes of transcription and translation. In transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it before creating mRNA using the DNA as a template. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. In translation, rRNA forms ribosomes which mRNA binds to. tRNA transfers amino acids based on the mRNA sequence, forming peptide bonds and ultimately a completed protein when a stop codon is reached.
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The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. During transcription, RNA polymerase in the nucleus copies DNA to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation. tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, linking the amino acids together to form a protein chain. Once a stop codon is reached, the protein is complete and released. This two-step process explains how genetic code in DNA is used to synthesize proteins.
Lightning Dog Flipbook
The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. During transcription, RNA polymerase in the nucleus copies DNA to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm during translation. tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, linking the amino acids together to form a protein chain. Once a stop codon is reached, the protein is complete and released. This two-step process explains how genetic code in DNA is used to synthesize proteins.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two main steps - transcription and translation. Transcription takes place in the nucleus and involves RNA polymerase copying genetic information from DNA to mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes, where the mRNA code is used to assemble amino acids in the correct order to produce a protein. The start codon on mRNA pairs with a complementary tRNA to initiate translation.
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1. RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it to create an initiation bubble, then binds to the promoter region.
2. RNA polymerase reads the DNA and creates mRNA, which exits the nucleus into the cytoplasm when it reaches a stop codon.
3. During translation, the mRNA binds to a ribosome and tRNAs bring complementary anticodons, attaching amino acids to form a protein chain until a stop codon causes the ribosome to detach.
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1. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA and unwinds the double helix to access the coding region.
2. RNA polymerase reads the coding region and creates a complementary mRNA strand.
3. The mRNA is released and moves to the cytoplasm where it binds to ribosomes and is translated into a protein using tRNA and amino acids.
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Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus. RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands and copies the coding region of DNA into a mRNA strand until reaching the termination sequence. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached. The polypeptide chain folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, RNA polymerase copies DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA then passes through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. In translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes where the sequence of bases is translated into a polypeptide chain of amino acids. The chain then folds into the tertiary structure required for the protein to function.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is unwound and an mRNA strand is created using nucleotides. The mRNA strand is then released and the DNA strands rebind. In translation, the mRNA moves to the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes. tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, and each tRNA connects to a specific amino acid. Translation begins as tRNA molecules form base pairs with the mRNA, and peptide bonds form between the amino acids, creating a protein.
Dna replicaton byrd
DNA replication begins at the origin of replication where DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the double helix. DNA polymerase reads the bases on one strand and adds complementary bases to the other strand. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments. DNA primase adds primers to fill in the lagging strand, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together with phosphodiester bonds.
Mine all mine
This protein synthesis flip book illustrates the process of transcription and translation. It shows DNA being transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where it passes through ribosomes. During this process, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match to the mRNA codons and add amino acids to form a polypeptide chain through peptide bonds. Eventually a full protein is synthesized from the mRNA instructions.
Protein synthesis flipbook @yoloswagginator24
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It describes how RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and copies it to mRNA. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and moves to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, the mRNA is read and translated to form a polypeptide chain of amino acids.
Josh.godo protein synthesis
The document is a flip book that summarizes the key steps of protein synthesis: 1) DNA is unwound in the cell nucleus and an mRNA strand is produced, 2) the mRNA strand moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located, 3) ribosomes read the mRNA strand and amino acids are attached through peptide bonds to form a protein, which then folds into its tertiary structure.
Brock flipbook
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. DNA in the nucleus is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and uses transfer RNA molecules to add amino acids to form a protein chain. The protein folds into its final shape.
Jimmy Carrier Protein Synthesis
The document discusses protein synthesis in cells. It explains that RNA polymerase in the cell nucleus reads DNA and synthesizes mRNA. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, tRNA matches codons on the mRNA and releases amino acids, forming peptide bonds between amino acids to create a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, the polypeptide releases and folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
Protein synthesisDevonDubensky
The process of transcription begins in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase breaks apart DNA and uses it as a template to create mRNA strands. During this process, thymine is replaced with uracil to form RNA. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where the mRNA is read by ribosomes in groups of three codons. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on codon-anticodon base pairing. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the growing polypeptide chain is released once a stop codon is reached.
FlipbookHannahD
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It explains that mRNA is produced from DNA in the cell nucleus and passes through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then read the mRNA and translate its codon sequence into a chain of amino acids, attaching different tRNAs to each codon. This continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a polypeptide that can fold into a functional protein. The key stages are transcription of DNA to mRNA in the nucleus, translation of mRNA to protein by ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and protein folding.
Yoho protein synthesis
DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase making a complementary mRNA copy of a DNA gene. Translation occurs when ribosomes read the mRNA and join amino acids specified by codons until reaching a stop codon, forming a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein. tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome and recognize codons via complementary anticodons.
Skyjamesanderson proteinsynthesis
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which involves transcription of DNA in the nucleus, formation of mRNA, export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and translation of mRNA by ribosomes to form a protein chain. Transcription involves unwinding of DNA and formation of mRNA, which then exits the nucleus. During translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together to form a protein chain until a stop codon is reached. Protein synthesis is essential for life as proteins are the basic building blocks that allow the body to function.
Kshoemaker Protein synthesis project
DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where it undergoes translation using ribosomes. During translation, tRNA molecules matching the mRNA codons bring amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a complete protein.
giroskey flipbook
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes cells as having a nucleus that contains DNA and a cytoplasm outside the nucleus. DNA in the nucleus contains genes made up of codons that are read to create proteins by ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Mutations in DNA can cause genetic disorders when non-corresponding bases meet up during cell division.
More from punxsyscience (20)
Rna.mvanleer
- 1. Protein Synthesis By: Morgan VanLeer
- 5. Nucleus
- 6. Nucleus
- 17. Cytoplasm A U G A G AC C G UA G TAC TCTGGCATCACT RNA polymerase ATGAGACCGTAGTGA Nucleus
- 18. Cytoplasm AU G A GA C CGU A GU GA TAC TCTGGCATCACT RNA polymerase ATGAGACCGTAGTGA Nucleus
- 19. Cytoplasm AU G A GA C CGU A GU GA TAC TCTGGCATCACT RNA polymerase ATGAGACCGTAGTGA Termination sequence Nucleus
- 20. Cytoplasm AU G A GA C CGU A GU GA TAC TCTGGCATCACT ATGAGACCGTAGTGA Nucleus
- 23. Nuclear pore
- 29. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 35. U A C U C U AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 38. Peptide bond U C U AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 39. U C U G G C AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 43. Note: the stop codon does not make an amino acid. A U C A C U AUGAGACCGUAGUGA Stop codon
- 44. Peptide chain Note: the stop codon does not make an amino acid. A C U AUGAGACCGUAGUGA Stop codon
- 45. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 46. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 47. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 48. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 49. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 50. AUGAGACCGUAGUGA
- 51. Summary • The first thing that happens is RNA polymerase synthesizes the RNA nucleotides. While this is happening, the mRNA is attached to the RNA polymerase and making another strand behind it. The mRNA then goes out the nuclear pore and went to the ribosome. In the ribosome the mRNA strand attracts the tRNA. That contains the amino acid and anticodon. This start codon is known as Methionine. When the second tRNA came, the first one goes away and the amino acid hooks on to the other one by a peptide bond. That happens for each one. Then it comes to the start codon, which does not an amino acid. When it is all over it is left with a peptide chain. the peptide chain is folded up and the final protein in its tertiary structure is formed. In conclusion, this is protein synthesis.