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Protein Synthesis Model
By: Katelyn Perry
Cytoplasm

Nucleu
s
Cytoplasm

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Nucleus

TACGGTCATCACACT
ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm
RNA
polymerase

DNA strand

TACGGTCATCACACT
ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

RNA
polymerase

TACGGTCATCACACT
ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA

Promoter Region
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

A
U
G

mRNA strand

TACGGTC
ATCACACT
RNA
polymerase

ATGCCAG

TAGTGTGA
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

A UG C C

A

TACGGTCATCACACT
RNA
polymerase

ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Coding Region
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

CC AG
AU G
U

A

TACGGTCATCACACT
RNA
polymerase

ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Termination
Sequence
Cytoplasm

Nucleus

C AG
C
AU G
UA

GU

G

TACGGTCATCACACT
RNA
polymerase

ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Termination
Sequence
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

AU

AG U A G
GC C

UG
UG A

TACGGTCATCACACT
RNA
polymerase

ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Termination
Sequence
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

AU

AG U A G
GC C

UG
UG A

TACGGTCATCACACT
RNA
polymerase

ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Termination
Sequence
Nucleus

Cytoplasm

TACGGTCATCACACT
ATGCCAGTAGTGTGA
Note: The DNA
strand binds back
together after the
mRNA strand is
synthesized
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

mRNA strand
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Ribosome

Nuclear Pore
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Ribosome

Nuclear Pore
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Ribosome

Nuclear Pore
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Ribosome

Nuclear Pore
Cytoplasm

A U G C C A G U

mRNA strand

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

Ribosome: large
subunit

A U G C C A G U

Small subunit

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm
Amino acid

tRNA

U A C
A U G C C A G U

Anti-codon

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

Codon

U A C
A U G C C A G U

Start Codon

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

G G U
U A C
A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

U A C G G U
A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

U A C
G G U
A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

U A C
G G U
A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

Peptide Bond

G G U
A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

C A U
G G U
A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

G G U C A
A U G C C A G U

U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

G G U

C A
A U G C C A G U

U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

G G U

C A
A U G C C A G U

U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

C A

C

C A
A U G C C A G U

U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

C A
A U G C C A G U

U
C A C
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

A U G C C A G U

C A C
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

A C U

A U G C C A G U

C A C
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

A U G C C A G U

C A C A C U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

C
A U G C C A G U

A C

A C U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

C
A U G C C A G U

A C

A C U
A G U G U G A
Cytoplasm

Note: The stop
codon does not
make an amino acid.

A U G C C A G U

A C U
A G U G U G A

Stop codon
Cytoplasm

A C U

A U G C C A G U

A G U G U G A
The amino acids
form into a three
dimensional shape
(tertiary structure)
to give the protein
a function

A U G C C A G U

Cytoplasm

A G U G U G A
Summary
Protein Synthesis is fairly simple. The first step is RNA
polymerase unwinds a DNA strand and synthesizes a
mRNA strand. This is because the DNA strand is too big
to fit through the nuclear pores and the DNA must stay
in the nucleus. Next, the mRNA strand leaves the
nucleus through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm
and comes in contact with a ribosome. The ribosome
reads the mRNA strand and coverts it into an amino acid
sequence. Last, once the amino acids are connected by
peptide bonds, the amino acids forms into a three
dimensional figure (tertiary structure). The protein does
not have a function until it is in a three dimensional
figure.

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