Kshoemaker Protein synthesis project
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DNA is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where it undergoes translation using ribosomes. During translation, tRNA molecules matching the mRNA codons bring amino acids to the ribosome where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a complete protein.
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Yoho protein synthesis
DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase making a complementary mRNA copy of a DNA gene. Translation occurs when ribosomes read the mRNA and join amino acids specified by codons until reaching a stop codon, forming a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein. tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome and recognize codons via complementary anticodons.
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Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus. RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands and copies the coding region of DNA into a mRNA strand until reaching the termination sequence. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached. The polypeptide chain folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
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Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to make mRNA strands in the nucleus. The mRNA then moves to the cytoplasm. In translation, ribosomes read the mRNA and join amino acids specified by codons through attachment to tRNAs. The amino acids bond together into a protein chain that eventually folds into its functional tertiary structure.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA by matching tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons, linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain. Translation continues until a stop codon is reached, and the final polypeptide folds into its tertiary structure.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA brings amino acids to pair with mRNA codons. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a folded protein with tertiary structure.
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DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase making a complementary mRNA copy of a DNA gene. Translation occurs when ribosomes read the mRNA and join amino acids specified by codons until reaching a stop codon, forming a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein. tRNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome and recognize codons via complementary anticodons.
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Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus. RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands and copies the coding region of DNA into a mRNA strand until reaching the termination sequence. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached. The polypeptide chain folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis. First, RNA polymerase transcribes DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA brings amino acids to pair with mRNA codons. The process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a folded protein with tertiary structure.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis. It shows RNA polymerase transcribing DNA in the nucleus to produce mRNA. The mRNA exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The ribosomes then translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain as tRNA molecules add amino acids specified by mRNA codons. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a completed protein that folds into its tertiary structure.
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Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus where DNA is unzipped and RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the DNA template strand, forming mRNA. The mRNA is processed - a cap and tail are added and introns are removed. The completed mRNA contains codons of three nucleotides that code for amino acids. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the mRNA binds to ribosomes and tRNA molecules with matching anticodons deliver amino acids specified by mRNA codons, assembling the polypeptide chain specified by the mRNA.
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Transcription and translation are the two processes by which proteins are produced. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves RNA polymerase using DNA as a template to produce mRNA. It includes base pairing between DNA and mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and uses the ribosome, tRNA, and rRNA to translate the mRNA code into a chain of amino acids that forms the final protein molecule. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and links amino acids brought by tRNA to build the protein chain until reaching the end of the mRNA.
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DNA helicase begins unwinding the DNA molecule at an AT bond in the origin of replication. It splits the double bonds between the bases, leaving two single strands. The leading strand is then replicated continuously in the 5' to 3' direction. The lagging strand must be replicated in short fragments called Okazaki fragments because DNA polymerase can only add bases in the 5' to 3' direction. DNA primase temporarily makes the lagging strand 5' to 3' to allow replication of Okazaki fragments.
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The document summarizes the process of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. [1] Transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to produce mRNA. [2] The mRNA exits the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm, where it binds to ribosomes. [3] Translation then occurs, as the ribosome reads the mRNA and pairs tRNAs with their complementary anticodons to add amino acids in the specified order and produce a polypeptide chain.
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The document describes the process of transcription and translation. It first explains that RNA polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it before binding to the promoter region and creating mRNA using the DNA as a template. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. It then summarizes that during translation, rRNA forms ribosomes, mRNA binds to ribosomes and is read, tRNA transfers amino acids which bind with peptide bonds to form a protein, and ribosomes terminate at stop codons.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis in a cell. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. Transfer RNA (tRNA) then attaches to the mRNA strand and adds amino acids to form a polypeptide chain according to the mRNA code. When a stop codon is reached, a completed protein has been synthesized from amino acids.
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Transcription begins in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA using RNA polymerase. The mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. During translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes where tRNA brings amino acids. The tRNA reads the mRNA codons and adds the corresponding amino acids, forming peptide bonds and a protein chain. The final protein folds into its tertiary structure.
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Ribosomes translate mRNA messages into proteins through the process of translation. Translation involves three main steps - initiation, elongation, and termination. In initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5' end of mRNA and scans for the start codon. In elongation, amino acids are sequentially added to the growing polypeptide chain through the formation of peptide bonds. Termination occurs when a stop codon is reached, causing the ribosome to dissociate and release the completed protein. Transfer RNA molecules (tRNAs) play a key role by carrying amino acids and matching them to mRNA codons through complementary base pairing of their anticodons. Enzymes like peptidyl transferase catalyze bond formation. The overall process
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This document summarizes the process of translation in prokaryotes. It begins with an introduction to translation occurring in the cytoplasm where ribosomes synthesize proteins using messenger RNA (mRNA). The three main stages of translation are then described in detail: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation involves assembly of the ribosome and initiation factors on the mRNA start codon. Elongation is the process of adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain through binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) and the actions of elongation factors. Termination occurs when a stop codon is reached and release factors trigger hydrolysis and release of the completed protein. Key components of translation like ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, and their functions are
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The document discusses gene expression and transcription. It defines gene expression as the process by which a gene's information is converted into functional molecules like proteins or RNA. Transcription is the first step, where RNA polymerase makes an RNA copy of the gene. In eukaryotes, the initial RNA copy undergoes processing like capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before becoming messenger RNA. The mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus and translated by ribosomes into a protein product.
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Synthesis of Proteins or the Formation of the Conga Line
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Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who is considered the father of genetics. He conducted experiments with pea plants in which he studied 7 different traits. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered the principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes, and that some genes are dominant while others are recessive. When Mendel crossed plants with different traits, he found that the offspring expressed the traits of only one parent, not a blend, and that recessive traits could reappear in later generations. This led Mendel to propose that genes segregate and assort independently during the formation of gametes.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis. It explains that RNA polymerase first breaks the hydrogen bonds of DNA to copy it and make an mRNA strand. The mRNA strand then leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome where tRNA reads its bases and adds complementary amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
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This flip book depicts the process of protein synthesis, showing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain. The flip book steps through transcription, where RNA polymerase copies DNA into mRNA, then translation, where the mRNA passes through the ribosome and interacts with tRNA and rRNA to add amino acids in the correct order specified by codons until a full protein is synthesized.
Protein synthesis
This document is a flip book that summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It shows how DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore and binds to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and binds transfer RNA (tRNA) with complementary anticodons. The tRNA brings amino acids to form peptide bonds and a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.
Protein synthesis
This flip book depicts the process of protein synthesis, showing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes into a polypeptide chain. The flip book steps through transcription, where RNA polymerase copies DNA into mRNA, then translation, where the mRNA passes through the ribosome and interacts with tRNA and rRNA to add amino acids in the correct order specified by codons until a full protein is synthesized.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is unwound and an mRNA strand is created using nucleotides. In translation, the mRNA strand is sent to the cytoplasm where it binds to a ribosome. tRNA molecules then bind to the ribosome and add amino acids specified by the mRNA code, forming a peptide bond between amino acids and creating a protein chain.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is unwound and an mRNA strand is created using nucleotides. The mRNA strand is then released and the DNA strands rebind. In translation, the mRNA moves to the cytoplasm and binds to ribosomes. tRNA molecules bind to the ribosome according to the mRNA code, and each tRNA connects to a specific amino acid. Translation begins as tRNA molecules form base pairs with the mRNA, and peptide bonds form between the amino acids, creating a protein.
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The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which occurs in two main steps - transcription and translation. Transcription takes place in the nucleus and involves RNA polymerase copying genetic information from DNA to mRNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at ribosomes, where the mRNA code is used to assemble amino acids in the correct order to produce a protein. The start codon on mRNA pairs with a complementary tRNA to initiate translation.
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DNA replication begins at the origin of replication where DNA helicase unwinds and unzips the double helix. DNA polymerase reads the bases on one strand and adds complementary bases to the other strand. The leading strand is replicated continuously while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in fragments called Okazaki fragments. DNA primase adds primers to fill in the lagging strand, and DNA ligase seals the fragments together with phosphodiester bonds.
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This protein synthesis flip book illustrates the process of transcription and translation. It shows DNA being transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase in the nucleus. The mRNA is then transported to the cytoplasm where it passes through ribosomes. During this process, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules match to the mRNA codons and add amino acids to form a polypeptide chain through peptide bonds. Eventually a full protein is synthesized from the mRNA instructions.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
Protein synthesis flipbook @yoloswagginator24
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. It describes how RNA polymerase unwinds DNA and copies it to mRNA. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and moves to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, the mRNA is read and translated to form a polypeptide chain of amino acids.
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The document outlines the process of protein synthesis which has two main parts - transcription and translation. In transcription, mRNA strands are created in the nucleus from a DNA template with the help of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores. In translation, which occurs in the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA to produce a protein. Transfer RNA molecules match their anticodons to mRNA codons and bring corresponding amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain, which becomes a protein when translation is complete.
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The document shows the process of protein synthesis:
1) In the nucleus, RNA polymerase unzips DNA and copies its sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand.
2) The mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm.
3) In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome which reads its sequence in groups of three bases (codons).
4) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules matching these codons bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
5) The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein.
Josh.godo protein synthesis
The document is a flip book that summarizes the key steps of protein synthesis: 1) DNA is unwound in the cell nucleus and an mRNA strand is produced, 2) the mRNA strand moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located, 3) ribosomes read the mRNA strand and amino acids are attached through peptide bonds to form a protein, which then folds into its tertiary structure.
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The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. DNA in the nucleus is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and uses transfer RNA molecules to add amino acids to form a protein chain. The protein folds into its final shape.
Jimmy Carrier Protein Synthesis
The document discusses protein synthesis in cells. It explains that RNA polymerase in the cell nucleus reads DNA and synthesizes mRNA. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, tRNA matches codons on the mRNA and releases amino acids, forming peptide bonds between amino acids to create a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, the polypeptide releases and folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
FlipbookHannahD
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It explains that mRNA is produced from DNA in the cell nucleus and passes through the nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. Ribosomes then read the mRNA and translate its codon sequence into a chain of amino acids, attaching different tRNAs to each codon. This continues until a stop codon is reached, resulting in a polypeptide that can fold into a functional protein. The key stages are transcription of DNA to mRNA in the nucleus, translation of mRNA to protein by ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and protein folding.
Skyjamesanderson proteinsynthesis
The document describes the process of protein synthesis, which involves transcription of DNA in the nucleus, formation of mRNA, export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and translation of mRNA by ribosomes to form a protein chain. Transcription involves unwinding of DNA and formation of mRNA, which then exits the nucleus. During translation, the mRNA binds to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codons. The amino acids are linked together to form a protein chain until a stop codon is reached. Protein synthesis is essential for life as proteins are the basic building blocks that allow the body to function.
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The document describes the process of transcription and translation. It shows RNA polymerase initiating transcription by binding to the promoter region in the nucleus and producing an mRNA strand. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Through binding of tRNAs with complementary anticodons, amino acids are added to form a polypeptide chain according to the mRNA sequence. The polypeptide then folds into its tertiary structure to form a functional protein.
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Kshoemaker Protein synthesis project
- 2. Nucleus Cell
- 3. DNA transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. Nucleus
- 7. Thymine Thymine Adenine Thymine Guanine Adenine Cytosine Thymine G A C A C Thymine Adenine Adenine RNA Polymerase Thymine Cytosine Thymine Guanine Adenine Thymine G C A Guanine Adenine 3’ Cytosine Cytosine Adenine A U G A U G Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Adenine Thymine Guanine 5’ Guanine Cytosine Adenine mRNA strand C C A 5’ 3’
- 8. Thymine Thymine Adenine Adenine Thymine Thymine Thymine Thymine Adenine Cytosine Thymine Adenine Thymine G A C G A C A C A 3’ Adenine Adenine Cytosine Adenine Guanine Adenine Adenine G C A Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Guanine Guanine Cytosine Cytosine Adenine Thymine Guanine 5’ Guanine Cytosine Adenine A U A U G G C C A A U AU G U 5’ 3’
- 11. Ribosomes Cytoplasm Translation occurs in the cytoplasm. Nuclear Pore A U A U G G C C A G C A G A C G A C A C A A U AU G U
- 12. A U A U G G C C A G C A Nucleus G A C G A C A C A A U AU G U
- 13. A U G A U G C C A U G G G A C G A C A C A A U U A G
- 14. tRNA Amino acid Ribosome U A Large subunit U G U U U AA A A A G G G C G G U A G “Start” codon codons U A C C A Small subuni t Anticodon “Stop” codon
- 15. U G U U U AA A A A G G G C G U A C C A G U A G T A G T A
- 16. U G U U U AA A A A G G G C G U A C C A G U A G G T A G T Peptide bond
- 17. U G U U U AA A A A G G G C G U A C C A G T T G
- 18. U G U U U AA G C G T G
- 19. U G U U U AA
- 21. Summary: DNA transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. RNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds in the DNA and makes the mRNA strand from the base pairs. As RNA polymerase is making the mRNA strand the hydrogen bonds reform. The mRNA strand then goes to the cytoplasm to go through translation so the mRNA can be translated into protein. A ribosome (rRNA) takes the mRNA strand in it’s small subunit and at the beginning of the strand there is a start codon then there are three codons and then there is a stop codon. The start codon is always AUG. The start codon is in the small subunit of the ribosome and a tRNA molecule comes into the large subunit of the ribosome with the anti codon of the start codon and the codon and the anti codon attach and when they come apart the amino acid at the top of the tRNA molecule forms a peptide bond with the amino acid with the next tRNA molcule’s amino acid. Then the process continues like that until the stop codon is reached and the stop codon does not have an anti codon so the polypeptide chain is completed and released. When the chain is released all of the amino acids have their own charge so they all come together in a globular structure, which is a protein.