RNA transcription is the process of forming RNA from a DNA template using RNA polymerase to add ribonucleotides. The process involves three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination, with specific roles for DNA sequences such as promoter sites and factors like sigma and nus-a proteins. RNA serves as a carrier of genetic information, replacing thymine found in DNA with uracil.

1. RNA TRANSCRIPTION
What is RNA?

2. INTRODUCTION:-
It is the process , where using one strand of DNA as a
template RNA is formed by the help of RNA
Polymerase by adding ribonucleotide, is called
Transcription

3. WHAT IS RNA?
RNA, is ribonucleic acid, compound of high molecular
weight that functions in cellular protein synthesis and
replaces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as a carrier
of genetic codes. RNA consists of
ribose nucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds,
forming strands of varying lengths. The nitrogenous
bases in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine,
and uracil, which replaces thymine in DNA.

4. NECESSITY OF:-
1. Template DNA
2. RNA Polymerase
3. Ribonucleotide Triphosphate
4. Sigma-Factor
5. Row-Factor

5. PROCESS:-
The whole process is done through 3 steps. They are-
1. Initiation:-
a. RNA POL binds with particular place of DNA. Site is
Promoter site
b. In case of Procaryote, Promoter site is known as
Pribnow box(5’TATAAT3’
c. IN case of Eucaryote, Site is known as TATA BOX
(5’TATAAAA3’)

6. c. After detecting promoter site RNA POL attaches with
binding site. Left side is UP stream and right side is
DOWN stream.
d. RNA POL helps to destroy the Hydrogen bond in the
DNA and to separate two strand
e. Adding Sigma Factor with RNA POL it makes
Holoenzyme and RNA synthesis starts. Adding 10
ribonucleotide sigma factors become separated

7. 2. ELONGATION:-
a. After separation of Sigma factor the lace f it s
taken by NUS-A Protein.
b. At the presence of NUS-A protein, RNA
polymerase synthesis RNA from 5’→3’

8. 3. TERMINATION:-
a. ROW-DEPENDENT TERMINATION:-
It Depends on the presence of Row Protein
When it comes contact with RNA Pol, t stops RNA
synthesis And Transcription ends
b. ROW-INDEPENDENT TERMINATION:-
It does not Depends on the presence of Row Protein. The
Termination of process happens by making hair pin loop
structure by itself.

9. PROMOTER
STRUCTURAL
GENE TERMINATOR
UP STREAM DOWN STREAM
5’
5’
3’
3’
TEMPLATE STRAND/ ANTISENSE
STRAND/ NON CODING STRAND
SENSE STRAND/
CODING STRAND

10. -35 -10
UP STREAM DOWN STREAM
5’TTGACA3’ 5’TATAAT3’
RECOGNITION SITE BINDING SITE

11. 5’
3’ 3’
3’
5’
5’
TERMINATOR

12. ROW DEPENDENT
ROW INDEPENDENT