about hair dressing

1. HAIR DRESSING

2. HAIR
is an appendage of the skin. It is a slender, thread-
like outgrowth of the skin and scalp of the human
body. There is no sense of feeling in the hair of the
head and body, due to the absence of nerves in the
hair. Full grown hair, as found on the human body, is
divided into two principal parts the hair root and
the hair shaft.

3. Treatment of Hair Care and Scalp
The purpose of Hair and Scalp Treatment is to preserve the
health and beauty of the hair and scalp. Scalp treatments also
assist in overcoming and combating disorders of the scalp,
such as dandruff and loss of hair. The scalp and hair should be
kept clean by frequent treatment and shampooing. A clean
scalp will resist a wide variety of diseases.
The cosmetologist may treat common and minor conditions
because the scalp and hair are vitally related, many scalp
disorders need correction, in order to keep the hair healthy. A
healthy scalp will produce a healthy hair.

4. A. Hair and Scalp Treatment
 Preparation
1. assemble materials and supplies
2. Help patron with dress or put on cape
3. Prepare patron.

5. Procedure
1. Brush hair for about five minutes.
2. Apply scalp treatment product.
3. Apply heating scalp or hair steamer for about
5-10 minutes
4. Give manipulations for 5-10 minutes.

6. 5. Shampoo the hair.
6. Towel dry the hair to remove excess moisture.
7. Apply suitable scalp lotion or tonic.
8. Style the hair.
9. Clean up work station.

7. COMMON TYPES OF HAIR DAMAGE AND THE
PRACTICES THAT CAUSE THEM:
1. Cosmetic Damage - frequent use of soaps and detergents,
styling lotions and sprays.
2. Friction Damage - excessive combing and brushing,
stretching and setting.
3. Physical Constriction Damage - tension on the scalp from
rollers and headbands.
4. Mechanical Damage - excessive exposure to extreme
temperatures from hair dryers and curling irons.

8. 5. Environmental Damage - excessive exposure to the
harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun can affect the hair by
decreasing its moisture content.
6. Chemical Damage - chemical compounds to alter the
natural color and form of the hair and their improper
selection of formulas and inaccurate processing can damage
hairs coloring products, bleaches, perm lotion and chemical
relaxers. Without protection there is a chance of contracting
dermatitis and other sicknesses.

9. By law, PPE or Personal Protective Equipment should be used
and supplied during certain work in the hairdressing industry.
Just like a builder has to wear a hard hat, a hairdresser must
protect themselves from injury and damage. Use appropriate
Equipment, Implements and Materials in Hair and Scalp
Treatment.

10. Are reusable or disposable, protect
hairdresser’s hand from chemicals
such as coloring products, bleaches,
perm lotion and chemical relaxers.
Without protection there is a
chance of contracting dermatitis
and other sicknesses.
1. Gloves

11. They protect the clothes from spillages
and can prevent damage. It is also
advisable to cover your client with a
cape of some sort, as they need to
have damage
2. Aprons

12. works with an internal reclining
system that allows the chair back to
be positioned at any angle of recline.
3. Shampoo Chair

13. Are a vital tool of the trade. Having the
right dryer and attachments can make a
huge difference to your finished product.
4. Hairdryers

14. this in the treatment of certain hair
condition.
5. Heating Cap

15. Perfect for minimizing hair breakage and
reducing split ends, ensure conditioning
products are efficiently absorbed,
reduces itching of your scalp and also
prevents growth of dandruff, provides
your hair with enough moisture thus
promoting hair growth.
6. Hair steamer

16. Draping Perform
This deals on how to give appropriate draping procedures
and the preparing protective clothing. This includes the
proper manner of dealing with the patron while in the
process of draping, as well as the proper way of preparing
the tools, supplies, materials, and protective clothing in
accordance with salon policies and standards.

17. Apply Shampoo/or Conditioner on the Client
Shampooing is the process of cleansing the hair and scalp of
dirt and dust. A thorough shampooing of the hair removes
dirt, dandruff, or another cosmetics present. It also stimulates
the blood circulation, nourishes the scalp, and promotes hair
growth.

18. To make an intelligent choice of shampoo, the cosmetologist
should know the composition and action of the shampoo, and
whether it will do an effective job. To obtain this information,
carefully read the product’s label and literature.
Note:
 Hair should be shampooed as often as necessary depending
on how quickly the scalp and hair become soiled.
 As a rule, oily hair should be shampooed more often than
normal or dry hair.

19. SAFETY MEASURES FOR SHAMPOOING
1. Clean shampoo bowl and sanitize neck of the bowl before and
after each use.
2. Do not permit shampoo to get into the patron’s eyes.
3. Protect patron’s ears with bits of clean cotton or use ear pads.
4. Test water temperature if not too hot or too cold before
applying to the patron’s head.

20. 5. Do not permit the fingernails to scratch the patron’s scalp.
6. Always towel off the excess moisture from patron’s hair
before she leaves the shampoo bowl.
7. Always keep the floor and shampoo bowl dry.
8. Use sanitized combs, brushes, towels, and other implements
to each/every patron.

21. Before giving a shampoo, gather all necessary materials and
implements. There is nothing more annoying to the patron than
to have the hairdresser wet her hair and leave her waiting, while
she dashes out to get shampoo or other necessities.
Required materials and implements
Neck strip  Bath Towels
Shampoo cape  Comb and hairbrush
 Shampoo  Hair dryer

22. Blow-Dry Hair
The lesson deals with hair drying techniques and
sectioning. This will also get you acquainted with the blow-
drying units, the ways of giving finishing touches, and the
safety measures involved when drying the hair. Drying hair
is the process of styling wet hair while blow-drying it.

23. Different Blow Styling Techniques or methods to mold or
style the hair
Blow-waving -is shaping the hair into waves, using directed
heated air from the hair dryer, combs, brushes, or your
hands.
Blow –Drying - simply drying the hair with the dryer. It is used
to blow dry hair into a chosen shape, or in required direction.
Scrunch Drying - is the gripping and squeezing clumps of hair
while directing heated air into the hand. The process yields a
casual, ruffled, molded shape.

24. Finger or Hand Drying - is the lifting, pulling, and directing
hair with the fingers or hands.
Blow-Combing - is drying and shaping using a comb, or a
comb attachment fixed to the dryer. It is a kind of blow
drying that achieves shapes and direction.
Blow-Stretching/Straightening - means of smoothing and
straightening the hair. A variety of brush shapes and sizes
may be used.

25. Blow- Style - consist of shampooing the hair, softening it
with a dryer, and finally molding into shape using a
blow-dryer.
Natural drying - leaving the hair to dry naturally,
depending on whether the cut and style are suitable.

26. Health And Safety Precautions When Blow drying
1. Use only professional tools.
2. Ensure that all electrical equipment are in good order.
3. Never use electrical equipment with wet hands-to avoid
electrocution.
4. Work comfortably. Avoid continually twisting or stretching
your body.

27. 5. Maintain high standards of hygiene.
6. Test the heat of the dryer before applying it to the client’s hair.
7. Do not keep the dryer in one place too long
Equipment/Tools/Materials needed:
 Hair clamps/clips
 Bath towel
 Neck strip/shoulder cape

28.  Hairdryer - is the most important piece of equipment you need.
The dryer should have adjustable speeds and temperatures and
period of durability.
Hand dryer attachments such as nozzles and diffusers, using the
dryer without a nozzle or diffuser allows for a wider directed air
flow.
 Brushes - are probably the most important items after blow dryers.
A firm, stiff bristles or plastic brush is required, this will help you to
grip, direct and control the hair.
 Combs - should be of professional quality and heat resistant. The
comb should be narrowly spaced teeth.

29. Fundamentals in Hair Perming
• Perming or Cold Permanent is a system of hair waving
depending for waving or curling action on chemical alone. In
perming, curls or waves of hair are close to the scalp. No heavy
equipment is used.
• Perming is the term given to the physical and chemical
processing of straight hair that wi ll change it into curls or
waves. Throughout history, people have experimented with
their hair in attempt to make themselves more beautiful.

30. 1. WINDING AND WRAPPING THE HAIR
To form a uniform wave, with a strong ridge, hair must
be wrapped smoothly and neatly on each rod without
stretching. Tight wrapping or stretching interferes with
this expansion and prevents the penetration of the
lotion or may cause hair breakage.

31. 2. SECTIONING AND BLOCKING OF THE HAIR
Blocking is a term usually used to designate the subdividing of
the hair sections. This done as each portion is wound around
the rod. The size of the blockings is determined by the
diameter of the rods the density and the texture of the hair.
Thickly growing hair requires smaller blockings and larger rods
to permit better arrangement for a wave. The choice of the
blocking pattern is dependent on the following factors: Hair
texture, length, contour of the head, wave pattern desired and
the preference of the cosmetologist and patron.

32. There are four popular blocking patterns in cold
waving:
1. Double halo 3. straight back
2. Single Halo 4. Dropped crown

33. HAIR CUTTING
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
In order to cut hair well, you will need to small
assortment of tools. All these tools must be sharp,
in good condition, clean and sterile, and should
never be kept in pocket or left around out of their
case.

35. THESE ARE THE LOCATION OF THE HEAD TO USED AS
REFERENCE POINTS:

36. found at the base of the skull. To
locate, simple feel the back of
the skull.

37. Located at the peak of the
highest point on top of the
head. To locate, place a flat
comb on top of the head.

39. SECTIONING OF THE HAIR
Divide hair into seven top, right, side, left side, right
crown, left crown, right nape, and left nape
 Make clear parting lines from the point behind the
ears on one side. Do the same on the opposite side.
Take parting lines.

40. The hair is divided into working areas called
"Sectioning” is important for control especially
when you are detaching a haircut. It gives you
an opportunity to create consistent balance
throughout the cut. Think of sectioning like cut
and paste when working on your computer.
Sectioning can adjust based on the end result of
hair movement.

42. THE PROPER HAND POSITIONS FOR DIFFERENT CUT

45. HAIR CUT STYLES FOR WOMEN
BANGS BIRKIN BANGS

46. LAYERD LOB CHOPPY BOB

47. WOLF CUT

48. HAIR CUT SYLES FOR MEN
THE MODERN POMPADOUR TEXTURED CROP

49. MESSY QUIFF SLEEK SLIDE PART

50. BUZZ CUT WITH DESIGN