Mitochondria are essential cell organelles consisting of an outer membrane, inner membrane, peri-mitochondrial space, cristae, and matrix. They contain f1 particles responsible for ATP synthesis and various enzymes important for metabolic functions. Key mitochondrial functions include signaling through reactive oxygen species, regulating membrane potential, apoptosis, calcium signaling, and steroid synthesis.

1. MITOCHONDRIA : THE
POWER HOUSE

3. STRUCTURE:-
This cell organelle has several parts. They are as follows-
(I) Outer Membrane:- It is the outermost part of
Mitochondria. It consist of Porin channel s in it which
helps to pass several molecules through it.
(II) Inner Membrane:- It is present below the outer
membrane in the Mitochondria.
(III) Peri-mitochondrial space:- It is present in between
outer membrane and inner membrane.

4. (IV) Cristae:- It is made by folding the inner membrane
inside. It looks like finger. Here, Crystalline protein is present.
Here F1 particles are also known as oxysomes . These particles
are present in matrix side of mitochondrial inner membrane. In
mitochondria, F1 particles function in synthesizes ATP from
ADP + Pi. F1 particles comprise about 15% of the total inner
membrane protein.
(V) Matrix:- It consist of Plasma ( water molecules, solid
particles) and circular DNA, RNA, Ribosome, Protein and
Enzymes

6. Enzymes in Mitochondria:-
(a) Inner Membrane :-
NADH DEHYDROGENASE
SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE
(b) Outer Membrane:-
MONO AMINE OXIDASE
(c) Peri-mitochondrial Space:-
ADENYLATE CYCLASE
(d) Matrix:-
CITRATE SYNTHETASE
MALLET DEHYDROGENASE

7. Function:-
(I)Signalling through mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species.
(II)Regulation of the membrane potential.
(III)Apoptosis-programmed cell death.
(IV)Calcium signalling
(V)Regulation of cellular metabolism.
(VI)Certain hemi synthesis reactions
(VII)Steroid synthesis.