Rizal was exiled to Dapitan by the Spanish authorities due to his writings and activities. During his 4 years in exile, he developed the town through infrastructure projects, agriculture, medicine and teaching. He established a model community and school. However, he was still monitored by Spanish spies. Rizal made the best of his situation in Dapitan and contributed greatly to the development of the town.

1. I. Rizal’s Exile

2. Reactions about
“Noli Me Tangere”

3. • When his “First Homecoming” was
held, he immediately turned back
abroad after several months
because of the “Opponents” of
Noli:
1. Fr. Bernardino Nozaleda
- requested Gov.
Emilio Terrero to
check the novel (1887)

4. 2. Fr. Pedro Payo
- formed a committee
of faculty members
in UST to investigate
3. Fr. Salvador Font
- leader of Permanent
Commission of
Censorship who found
Noli as subversive

5. 4. Fr. Jose Rodriguez
- wrote eight anti-
Noli pamphlets
5. Vicente Barrantes
- Madrid academician
who criticized Noli
in an article
6. Gen. Jose Salamanca

6. 7. Gen. Luis de Pando
8. Senior Fernando Vida
• But Noli was defended by the
following:
1. Fr. Vicente Garcia
- said that the writer
of Noli was not an “ignorant”
- used the name “Justo Desiderio
Magalang

7. 2. Francisco Sanchez
- defended Noli in
public
3. Ferdinand Blumentritt
- “Liker” of Noli
4. Segismundo Moret
- Minister of Crown
- also a supporter
of the novel

8. 5. Propaganda members
• He received some threats and
allegations so Gov. Terrero hired
Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade as his
bodyguard in Calamba (1887)

9. • A secret case against Rizal was
filed for anti-catholic public
campaign when he had his “Second
homecoming”
• Rizal arrived on June 26, 1892 in
Manila with Lucia and met many
soldiers before he checked-in to
Hotel de Oriente

10. • At 4:00 in the afternoon, Rizal went
to Malacañang Palace to confer with
Governor General Despujol but he was
told to come back at night.
• 7:00 pm of the same day, Rizal
finally talked with the Governor
General about his plan for colony but
the official agreed only to pardon his
father but not the rest of his family
and advised him to return on June 29.

11. Being involved in liberal
organizations
On the next day (June 27, 1892),
he boarded a train to Tutuban
station in order to visit his friend,
Antonio Bautista in Malolos,
Everisto Puno in Tarlac and some
colleagues in San Fernando and
Bacolor, Pampanga. Rizal took this
opportunity to get the support of
these friends for his reform
crusade.

13. • Held meetings with Despujol on
June 29, 30 and July 3 but his
Sabah proposal was rejected but
granted pardon to his relatives
• Evening of July 3, hold a meeting
at the house of Doroteo Ongjunco
and established
“La Liga Filipina”

14. The meeting was joined by:
• Andres Bonifacio
• Apolinario Mabini
• Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira)
• Domingo Franco (Felipe Real)
• Jose A. Ramos (Scorro)
• Ambrosio Salvador
• Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem)
• Luis Villareal
• Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw)
• Mariano Crisostomo
• Numeriano Adriano (Ipil)
• Estanislao Legaspi
• Teodoro Plata
• Juan Zulueta

15. • An election of officers for the
Supreme Council was held also at the
meeting that resulted to Ambrosio
Salvador being the President, Agustin
dela Rosa as the Fiscal, Bonifacio
Arevalo hailed as the treasurer and
Deodato Arellano placed as the
secretary. Other than, Rizal also
proclaimed that there will be also a
Provincial Council in every province and
Popular Council in very town.

16. • On the meeting, Rizal explained the
objectives of the La Liga Filipina as a
civic league of Filipinos that aimed to:
- unite the whole archipelago into a
homogenous body
- to have a mutual protection in every
want and need
- to defense against all violence and
injustice
- to encourage education, agriculture and
commerce
- and to study and applied the reforms.

17. • Rizal also explained that the motto of
the organization will be “Unus Instar
Omnium” (One Like All).
• Held a meeting on July 6 with
Despujol but arrested when
authorities discovered “Pobres Frailes”
(satire against the rich Dominicans by
Fr. Jacinto) on Lucia’s pillows

18. Deportation as exile to Dapitan

19. • Rizal was imprisoned in Fort Santiago
in ten days
• The gubernatorial decree gave the
reasons for Rizal’s deportation as
such as:
-he had published books and articles
abroad that showed disloyalty to Spain
- his sister possessed bundle of
handbills entitled Pobres Frailes
- he had written a novel (El
Filibusterismo) which was dedicated to
traitors; GOMBURZA.

20. • Besides, the La Liga Filipina dissolved
and split into two;
-“Cuerpo de los Compromisarios” headed
by Apolinario Mabini
-“Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan”
directed by Andres Bonifacio.

21. Deportation and exile to Dapitan
• Through steamer “Cebu,” Rizal landed
in Dapitan on July 14, 1892 carried a
letter from Fr. Pablo Pastells to Fr.
Antonio Obach.
• He was accompanied by Captain
Ricardo Carnicero on his first day and
decided to live in the house of the
captain instead of Jesuit Mission
House of Fr. Obach in July 17.

22. • Carnicero reported to officials that
Rizal only wanted the reform in
religion and press.
• As evidence of his esteem, Rizal
wrote a poem, “A Don Ricardo
Carnicero” on August 26, 1892 on the
captain’s birthday.
• After several days, Rizal, Carnicero
and Francisco Equilior won a
government-owned lottery through
mail boat “Butuan” with P20,000 on
September 21, 1892.

23. • Through his P6,200 part from the
prize money from the Ticket No.
9736, Rizal gave P2,000 to his
father, P200 to Jose M. Basa in Hong
Kong and the latter amount was
allotted for his 16-hectare land on
Talisay in January 1893.
• Rizal developed a community in Talisay
where he established
three houses; square,
hexagon at octagon in
shape.

24. • Rizal became a teacher of three
students until it became 21 in 1893
until his exile in 1896 with lessons in
geography, history, mathematics and
industrial works.
• Further, in honor of Talisay, he wrote
a poem entitled “Himno A Talisay” for
his pupils to sing.
• In Dapitan and Talisay, he continued
his profession as a doctor in through
sailing with his “baroto” boat.

25. • Rizal worked also as a scientist on the
area where he discovered the new
species of animals. Some of his
specimen discoveries were sent to his
friends in Europe.
• In comparison with, Rizal also used
his knowledge as a land surveyor when
he constructed a water system of
waterworks in order to furnish clean
water to the townpeople.

26. Draco rizali
Rhacophorus rizali
Apogonia rizali

27. • Rizal cultivated his land in Talisay
with Lanzones, Mangoes, Macopa,
Langka, Coffee etc. He introduced
modern methods of agriculture based
on Europe and America to his pupils
who helped him in the daily farm
labor.
• He contributed his painting skills to
the Sisters of Charity who were
preparing the sanctuary of the Holy
Virgin in their private chapel.

28. • One day in 1894, he modeled the
“Mother’s Revenge” after the puppy
of his dog, Syria was devoured by a
crocodile. Aside from these, he also
made sculptures like the bust of Fr.
Guerrico (his former professor), “The
Dapitan Girl” and the bust of Saint
Paul that he gave to Fr. Pastells.

29. • In business, Rizal had a partnership with
Ramon Carreon that led them to have
profitable business ventures in fishing,
copra, and hemp industries.
• Rizal became also an inventor during his
Dapitan exile. He invented a machine
that could manufacture about 6,000
bricks daily.
• Aside from, Rizal also remembered as an
inventor during his 1887 stay in Calamba
when he invented a cigarette lighter
called “Sulpukan” that he gave to
Blumentritt.

30. • Fr. Pastells ordered two Jesuits
from Mindanao; Fr. Obach (cura of
Dapitan) and Fr. Jose Villaclara
(cura of Dipolog) to bring back Rizal
within the Catholic fold.
• Further, Fr. Pastells assigned also
Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo,
and the only Spanish priest to
defend Noli Me Tangere, Fr.
Francisco de Paula Sanchez.

31. • For once, Rizal could not be convinced
by his former beloved teacher. But
despite his failure to persuade Rizal,
Fr. Sanchez assisted Rizal in
beautifying the town plaza and putting
a relief map of Mindanao on the said
plaza

32. • Rizal also had a scholarly and religious
debate with Fr. Pastells started when
the priest sent him a book in 1892 with
advice that Rizal should desist from his
foolishness in viewing “religion from the
prism of individual judgment.”
• The debate also may be read in four
letters written by Rizal from September
1, 1892 until April 1893. Despite their
religious differences, Fr. Pastells gave
Rizal a copy of the book, “Imitacion de
Cristo” written by Fr. Thomas a Kempis.

33. • Rizal involved in a quarrel with Juan Lardet,
a French businessman who purchased logs
from Rizal but so happened that some of the
logs were poor quality.
• Lardet expressed his disgust to Antonio
Miranda, another merchant in Dapitan, a
friend of Rizal. Then, Miranda forwarded
Lardet’s letter to Rizal and the hero get
angry and challenged the Frenchman in a
duel.
• As well, Capt. Carnicero told the Lardet to
apologize rather accept the challenge. Then,
Lardet wrote an apology letter to Rizal in
French, dated on March 30, 1893.

34. • In the same year, Rizal was visited
by her mother to cure her eye
problem for the second time together
with his sisters Trinidad, Maria,
Narcisa and some of his nephews.
• Through that visit, he learned that
Leonor Rivera died because of her
birth delivery on her second child.
• Some of his sisters like Maria and
Narcisa, niece and nephews Angelica,
Mauricio, Estanislao and Teodocio
followed to visit him in the place.

35. • Therewithal, during his busy days in
Dapitan, his mother saw his efforts
as a person and regretted that he
had neglected the Muses.
• Then, his mother requested him to
write a poem, so, he complied by
writing a beautiful poem, “Mi Retiro.”

36. • Governor General Ramon Blanco
replaced Governor General Despujol as
Governor General of the Philippines
and replaced Capt. Carnicero as
Dapitan’s captain to Juan Sitges.
• This governor general wanted to
investigate the profile of Rizal that
was why he sent spy named Matias
Arrieta to Rizal’s house but later,
Rizal discovered his mission.

37. • Another spy named Pablo Mercado was
sent in November 3, 1893 as this man
introduced himself as a relative of Rizal
showing a pair of buttons with initials
“P.M.”
• This strange visitor offered his services
as a confidential courier of Rizal’s
letters and writings for the patriots in
Manila.
• Yet, Rizal, irked by the impostor’s lies,
he wanted to throw him out of the house
but he decided to let this man stay on
the house for the night because it was
raining.

38. • During his duty days as a doctor, he
met an Irish lady named Josephine
Bracken in Dapitan when her adopted
father George Tauffer together with
the Filipina Manuela Orlac, consulted
Rizal for an eye treatment.
• The two fell in love with each other
after the death of Leonor Rivera on
August 28, 1893. They were refused
to be married by Fr. Obach because
they did not have any permission from
Cebu’s bishop.

39. • When Tauffer heard the projected
marriage, he flared up and tried to
commit suicide. Yet, Rizal aborted
this attempt and Josephine
accompanied Tauffer to back in
Manila.
• Tauffer returned alone to
Hong Kong but Josephine
stayed in Manila with Rizal’s
family and later went back
to Dapitan.

40. • They decided to live their own and
their love gave them a child named
“Francisco” who died immediately
after giving birth because of being
pre-mature in 1895.
• The Katipunan in Manila wanted to
consult Rizal in terms of the
revolution. Dr. Pio Valenzuela became
an emissary of Bonifacio
in Dapitan to seek advice
in June 1896.

41. • Yet, Rizal refused the idea of
revolution because the planned
revolution is premature. Rizal
advised the revolutionaries to
convince influential people from
Manila and other countries to
support the revolution.

42. • Rizal received a news from
Blumentritt that the Cuban
Revolution and was raged by Yellow
Fever in 1895.
• That happening caused Rizal to write
a letter to Governor volunteering as
a doctor in Cuba in December 17,
1895.
• Months had passed, he received a
reply from Malacañang and allowed
him to go (July 30, 1896).

43. • On July 31, Rizal left Dapitan
with Josephine, Narcisa, three
nephews and three students to
the ship “España.” They had
stopovers in Dumaguete, Cebu,
Iloilo, Capiz and Romblon.
• They docked in Manila and
refused to be rescued by
Katipunan led by
Jacinto (August 6, 1896).

44. • Unfortunately, Rizal was not able to
catch the mail ship “Isla de Luzon”
for Spain because it had departed the
previous day at 5:00 pm.
• Further, Rizal transferred to steamer
“Castilla” in Cavite by order of
Govenor General Blanco.
• Rizal stayed on the cruiser from
August 6 to September 2 before
transferring to “Isla de Panay” which
was sailing for Barcelona, Spain.

45. • Governor Blanco cleared Rizal’s name
in the revolution in Manila by giving
him a clearance letter as a gate pass
to Cuba.
• Immediately after Rizal’s departure in
Manila, the revolution led by
Katipunan continuously broke-out when
they attacked the El Polverin in San
Juan del Monte in August 30.

46. On August 23-30, 1896, Philippine
Revolution happened in Manila

47. Dambuhalang Pagkakahating
Pangkalinangan

48. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MA
Bachelor of Arts in History
yosefhipolito19@gmail.com