The document summarizes the administrations of Philippine presidents from Manuel Roxas to Ferdinand Marcos during the Third Philippine Republic from 1946 to 1972. Key events include the establishment of military agreements with the US, failed efforts to curb corruption and contain the Huk insurgency, economic reconstruction, the rise of the Communist movement and groups like the NPA, and the declaration of martial law by Marcos in 1972.

1. I. Philippine Third
Republic

2. Manuel Roxas Administration
(1946-1948)
• Proposed the “Parity Rights
Amendment” that Filipinos
refused
• Agreement of War Surplus
Property (1946)
• Military Bases Agreement (1947)

3. • Failed to stamp-out graft and
corruption
• Chinese Immigration Quota
Anomaly
• Failed to contain HUKs insurgency

4. Elpidio Quirino Administration
(1948-1953)
• Created the President’s
Action Committee on
Social Amelioration
• Founded the Agricultural Credit
Cooperatives Financing
Administration
• Established rural banks and labor
management boards

5. • Reconstructed and rehabilitated
the Philippine economy
• HUKs gained more power and
influence despite his amnesty
proclamation (1950)
• Hailed Ramon Magsaysay as his
defense secretary

6. Ramon Magsaysay
Administration (1953-1957)
• “Most popular president
the masses ever had”
• Constructed irrigation systems
• Popularized “Barong Tagalog”
• Established SEATO in Manila
(1954)
• San Francisco Treaty was signed

7. Carlos Garcia Administration
(1957-1962)
• Propagation of “Filipino
First Policy”
• Projection of Philippine Culture
through “Bayanihan Folk Dance
Group”
• Created the “Rizal Centennial
Commission”

8. Diosdado Macapagal
Administration (1961-1965)
• Enactment of “Agricultural
Land Reform Code”
• Change of celebration of
Philippine independence
• Use of Filipino language in public
documents
• Creation of MAPHILINDO

9. Ferdinand Marcos Presidency
(1965-1987)
*First Term (1965-1969)
• Had a slogan of “This
nation can be great again.”
• Built different roads, bridges,
trains (PNR)
• Introduction of “Miracle rice”
• Held the “Manila Summit
Conference” (1966)

10. *Second Term (1969-1972)
• Philippines suffered economic
crisis
• Rampant graft and corruption
• Gross violation of 1935
Constitution
• Massive Communist threat

11. Founded Communist groups:
• Kabataang Makabayan (1964)
• Samahan ng Demokratikong
Kabataan (1964)
-became the vanguards of 1970
First Quarter Storm
• Communist Party of the Philippines
-adheres Marxist-Leninism and
Mao thought

12. • New People’s Army
• National Democratic Front

13. • 1971 Constitutional Convention
happened through R.A. 6132
(June 1, 1971)
• Opened by Sen. President
Gil Puyat and Speaker
Cornello Villareal
• Headed by Carlos
Garcia and later,
Diosdado Macapagal

14. • Several delegates walked out the
session after Marcos’ speech
• Liberal Party’s proclamation rally
on August 21, 1971 at Plaza
Miranda was disturbed by
explosion of two grenades
• 8 persons killed
and 120 people
wounded

15. • Few hours after the Plaza
Miranda bombing, Marcos issued
the “Proclamation No. 880” that
suspends the “Writ of Habeas
Corpus”
• Restored the “writ”
to the country on
January 11, 1972

16. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MA
Bachelor of Arts in History
yosefhipoito19@gmail.com