3. •This unit presents Dr. Jose Rizal’s
ancestry, family, childhood
memories, early education in
Laguna, and higher education in
Manila and abroad. The people,
events that may influence nor
inspired Rizal to his decisions and
life during and before the exile and
trial.
4. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado
y Alonso Realonda
• He was also known as Jose Rizal or Pepe,
born in Calamba, Laguna on June 18, 1861.
• The seventh among eleven children born to
a relatively well-off family in a Dominican
owned tenant land in Calamba, Laguna. He
lived and died during the Spanish frontier
time in the Philippines.
5. Who is Jose Rizal?
• Philippine National Hero
• A linguist, he knows about 22 languages, Traveler
• A talented, brilliant and genius man of honor
• An Ophthalmologist
• A poet, a novelist, philosopher and a historian
6. Paternal Side
DOMINGO
LAMCO Ines Dela Rosa
MIGRATED FROM BINAN AND
BECAME TENANTS OF
DOMINICAN ESTATE
FRANCISCO
MERCARDO Bernada Monicha
Clemente Juan Mercado Cirila ALejandro
Had 14 Children, Franciso
(Rizal’s Father) was the
youngest.
8. Rizal’s Family
•Jose Rizal came from a mixed race. The
Rizal is viewed as perhaps a significant
family during their time.
•Researchers uncovered that the
Mercado-Rizal family had similar hints
of Japanese, Spanish, Malay, and Even
Negrito blood beside Chinese.
9. How Jose Obtained the ‘Rizal’ Last Name
• The Rizal surname was obtained by Francisco
Mercado as suggested to him by a provincial
governor after the Governor General of the
Philippines, Narciso Claveria, issued a decree in 1849
by which native Filipino and immigrant families were
to adopt Spanish surnames from a list of Spanish
family names.
12. •Jose's father, Don Francisco, was an honest, thrifty,
and industrious man born in
•Biñan, Laguna, on April 18, 1818.
•Studied in San Jose College, Manila
• Rizal described him as a "model of father."
• He became a tenant of Dominican estate in
Calamba.
14. • Jose's mother, Doña Teodora, was an educated and cultured
woman from Sta. Cruz, Binan Laguna
• Manila born on November 8, 1826.
• Studied in College of Santa Rosa, an esteemed school for girls
in Manila
• Also known as Lolay.
• She was a diligent woman, courteous, religious, hard-working,
and well-read.
• Rizal’s first teacher
15. Rizal is the seventh of eleven children:
•Saturnina
•Paciano
•Narcisa
•Olimpia
•Lucia
•Maria
•Jose
•Concepcion
•Josefa
•Trinidad
•Soledad
16. Rizal’s Childhood
• Rizal's family was typical of the middle-class families
of the 19th century. Only theirs was with social status,
their family being among the principalia.
• Their rectangular abode was made of stone, wood,
and red-tiled roof. They had an orchard, carriages, and
horses and owned an agricultural business of rice and
sugar.
17. The Memory
of his
Infancy
Included the nocturnal walk in the town,
especially when there is a moon.
Aya
(nursemaid)
Rizal recalled her who told him fabulous stories,
like those about the fairy, tails of buried treasure,
and trees blooming the diamonds.
Daily Angelus
prayer in
their home
Rizal recorded in his memoir that by nightfall, his
mother would gather all the children in their home
to pray the Angelus. At the early age of three, he
started to take part in the family prayer.
18. Death of Concha on
sickness
in 1865
Jose's first sorrow. He later wrote in his memoir, "when
I was four years old, I lost my little sister Concha, and then
for the first time, I shed tears caused by love and grief.”
Leoncio Lopez One of the foremost acknowledged and regarded men of
Rizal, a catholic town cleric of Calamba.
As a child, Rizal loved to go to the chapel, pray, participate
from the novenas, and join religious processions.
Age of five He learned to read the Spanish Family Bible and started to
make pencil sketches and mold clay and wax objects, which
attracted his fancy.
Alipato The name of the pony Pepe received from his father as a gift.
As a child, he loved to ride his pony.
19. Usman Pepe's black dog. He took long walks in the meadows
and lakeshore.
Age of eight His mother also introduced him to love the arts,
literature, and classics. He wrote a drama performed at
the local festival, and the municipal captain rewarded him
two pesos.
To My Fellow
Children (Sa
Aking Mga
Kababata/Kabata)
The poem was previously believed to be Rizal's first
written poem at the age of eight.
20. Magic He is also interested in this, reading so many books about it.
He also learned different tricks, such as making a coin
disappear and making a handkerchief vanish in thin air.
Influences from his
Three
Uncles
Tio Jose Alberto – inspired him to cultivate his artistic
ability.
Tio Manuel – encouraged him to fortify his frail body
through physical exercises.
Tio Gregorio – intensified his avidness to read good
books.
The Story of the
Moth
Doña Teodora held regular storytelling sessions with
the young Rizal. Amigo de Los Niños (The Children's
Friend)– this book was used by Doña Teodora, where
she read stories to Pepe to impart essential life lessons.
22. In Calamba, Laguna
Doña Teodora
• His mother was his first teacher.
• She can teach him Spanish, reading,
poetry, and values through rare
storybooks.
• She's the one who first discovered that
her son had a talent for poetry.
23. Jose Alberto
• Taught Jose how to paint, sketch, and
sculpture.
Gregorio
• influenced him to love reading further.
24. Manuel - developed Rizal’s physical skills in martial arts
like wrestling.
Maestro Celestino - the first private tutor of Jose, who
was his parents employed to give him lessons at home
Maestro Lucas Padua - later succeeded Maestro
Celestino as his private tutor.
Leon Monroy - an older man, a former classmate of Don
Francisco, became the boy's tutor in Spanish and Latin.
25. Education In Binan, Laguna
June 1869 – Rizal was subsequently sent to a private school in
Biñan.
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz– he owned the school where
his brother Paciano brought him to study; he described him as a
severe disciplinarian.
Pedro, the son of his teacher –Jose, challenged him to a fight.
Though younger and smaller, having learned wrestling from his
Uncle Manuel, Jose defeated his tormenter.
Andres Salandanan – he had an arm-wrestling match with Pepe.
27. 1872-1877: Jose enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila
in Intramuros; five years later, he graduated with a Bachelor
of Arts degree with the rating sobresaliente (highest
honors).
1878: Took up Philosophy and Letter at the University of
Sto. Tomas while studying surveying at the Ateneo
Municipal de Manila.
1879: Rizal enrolled in the College of Medicine at the
University of Sto. Tomas to cure the deteriorating eyesight
of his mother
28. • 1882: He stopped attending classes, tired of the
Dominican professors‘ discrimination against Filipino
students, and the method of instruction was obsolete
and repressive.
• Rizal had taken an overall 19 subjects and finished them
with varied grades, ranging from excellent to fair; he got
"excellent" in all his subjects in the Philosophy course.
29. Studies and Life Abroad
1882: Rizal left for Spain and enrolled in Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters at the Universidad Central de Madrid
1884: Began writing the Noli Me Tangere
June 21, 1884: He received the degree of Licentiate in Medicine
at the age of 23 and got a grade of "fair."
June 19, 1885: Received the degree in Licentiate in Philosophy
and Letters and completed studies for the Doctor of Medicine
1886: Studied ophthalmology at the University of Leipzig.
31. February 21, 1887: completed the manuscript of Noli Me
Tangere
March 1887: published the Noli Me Tangere in Berlin,
Germany with the financial help of Dr. Maximo Viola
1888: Annotated Antonio de Morga’s Sucesosdela Islas
Filipinas to awaken his countrymen to a consciousness of
their historical past
1889: Wrote for La Solidaridad
32. 1890: Published his edition of Morga’s
Sucesos in Paris; Continue to write for La
Solidaridad; Published “The Indolence of the
Filipinos” and the 4th installment of the
“The Philippines a Century Hence"; Move to
Belgium to save so that he could publish the
"El Filibusterismo."
33. La solidaridad
• Was an organization created in Spain on December 13,
1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and
students attending Europe's universities, the
organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of
the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to
propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines
and Spain.
34. • Headed by José Rizal's cousin, Galicano Apacible, it
also issued a newspaper of the same name which was
published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889. It
was edited by Graciano López Jaena and later on by
Marcelo H. del Pilar.
• The social, cultural, and economic conditions of the
colonial Philippines were published in La Solidaridad.
Speeches of the Spanish liberals about the Philippines
were also featured in the newspaper.
35. Members
• Dr. José Rizal (Laong Laan and Dimasalang)
• Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
• Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura)
• Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
• Mariano Ponce (Tignalang, Kalipulako, Naning)
• Jose Maria Panganiban (Jomapa)
• Dominador Gomez (Ramiro Franco)
36. 1891: Received a letter from Leonor Rivera that she
would wed an Englishman.
Published the El Filibusterismo with financial
assistance from Valentin Ventura and Jose Ma. Basa
(September 18, 1891);
Left for Hongkong to practice medicine and operated
on his mother's eye for the second time; wrote the
Constitution of La Liga Filipina.
37. 1892: went to North Borneo and informed
Governor General Despujol his plan to create a
Filipino colony to free Filipinos from being
maltreated .
38. People Rizal Met during his Travel
In Spain:
Paterno Brothers - (Antonio, Pedro, and Maximo)-Friends of Rizal
shared his ideas; they often held meetings and celebrations in their
home.
Don Pablo Ortega y Rey- A rich mestizo who was a former mayor
of Manila; befriended Rizal due to him being in love with her daughter.
Consuelo Ortega y Rey- Rizal met her in Madrid while he was
studying. A young and beautiful woman, further described in Rizal’s
poem dedicated to her.
39. Senor Roses- the owner of the book store where Rizal always buy
Suzanne Jacoby- A lover of Rizal while in Spain. Beautiful and pretty,
as described by him, confessed her love as he left Spain for France.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar- An Illustrado and a leading figure of the
propaganda movement. Founder of the famous La Solidaridad and a
respected member of the freemasons.
Mariano Ponce- Another principal member of the Propaganda
Movement. Also, the co-founder of La Solidaridad, together with
Marcelo del Pilar.
40. In France:
Maximo Viola- A very good friend of Rizal. The savior of Noli Me
Tangere because he helped Rizal when he became near destitute.
Dr. Louis de Weckert- A leading French ophthalmologist. Rizal worked
for him as an assistant.
Paz Pardo de Tavera- A pretty girl and fiancée of his good friend, Juan
Luna
Nellie Boustead- A beautiful Parisian. The very girl who became the
reason for the momentary rivalry between Rizal and Antonio Luna, the
famous Revolutionary General.
41. In Germany:
Dr. Otto Becker- Another well-known ophthalmologist. Rizal
worked for him as an assistant.
Dr. Karl Ullmer-. Rizal stayed at his home. He welcomed Rizal
with open arms proving he was a kind protestor.
Prof. Frederich Ratzel- A famous German historian. Rizal
befriended him.
Hans Meyer- A German anthropologist. He is a friend of Rizal.
42. Dr. Adolf B. Meyer- He is the Director of the
Anthropological Museum. Also, befriended by Rizal.
Dr. Feodor Jagor- A celebrated scientist-traveler. Author of
the book: Travels in the Philippines, which Rizal read as a
child.
Dr. Hans Virchow- Introduced to Rizal by Dr. Jagor. He is
a famous German anthropologist.
Dr. Ernest Schwelgger- A German ophthalmologist. Rizal
worked for him too.
43. In Bohemia:
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt- A Kind-hearted Austrian
professor; developed a lifelong friendship with Rizal.
Burgo Master- A kind town Mayor who welcomed Rizal.
Dr. Carlos Czepelak- A renowned scientist in Europe; he met
Rizal at Leitmeritz.
Prof. Robert Klutschak- An eminent naturist. Also met Rizal in
Leitmeritz.
Dr. Willkomm- He's working as a professor of natural history at
the University of Prague.
44. In Hong Kong:
Jose Maria Basa- A Filipino resident in Hong Kong; he toured
Rizal in Macau.
Jose Slanz de Varanda- A Spaniard who served as a secretary
of Gov. Gen. Terrero and became a spy by shadowing Rizal’s
movements in Hong Kong
In Macau:
Don Juan Francisco Lecaros – A Filipino gentleman, who
accommodated Rizal and Basa in his home.
45. In London:
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- A practicing lawyer where
Rizal stayed at his home as a guest.
Dr. Reinhold Rost- A librarian of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. The one who recommended Rizal to the British
Museum authorities and famously called him "a pearl of a
man."
46. In Japan:
Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San)- Lover of Jose Rizal in Japan. She taught
him the Japanese language, which he mastered within a week—the
reason why Rizal almost got to settle in Japan.
TetchoSuehiro- A fighting Japanese journalist who was forced into
exile by the government; met Rizal on the Belgic and became
friends.
Juan Perez Caballero- The secretary of the Spanish Legation in
Hong Kong and invited Rizal to reside in the Spanish Legation.
48. Rizal’s Decision to Return to the Philippines (1892):
• To negotiate with Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol about
establishing a Filipino colony in Borneo;
• To establish La Liga Filipina; and
• To disprove Eduardo de Lete, who published a comment
in La Solidaridad that Rizal has abandoned his country.
July 3, 1892: Visited Gov. Gen. Despujol to request a
pardon for his parents; Created the La Liga Filipinas in
Tondo, Manila (July 3).
49. RIZAL’S EXILE:
Despujol ordered the arrest of Jose Rizal and exile to Dapitan (July 7, 1892) Four
grounds:
1. For publishing books and articles abroad that shows disloyalty to Spain, anti-
Catholic and anti-Friar
2. For having possession a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailesin which the
advocacies violated the Spanish orders;
3. For dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three “traitors” (Gomez,
Burgos, and Zamora) and for emphasizing on the novel’s title page that “the only
salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother country (referring to
Spain)”;
4. For directly criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino
culture.
50. July 15, 1892: Exiled in Dapitan
1892 - 1896: Lived in Dapitan and served as a doctor, farmer,
educator, cartographer, and merchant.
Casa Real – commandant’s residence where Jose Rizal instead
opted to live because he is unwilling to accede to these main
conditions set by the Jesuits, Commandant Captain Ricardo
Carnicero and Jose Rizal –became such good friends that the exile
did not feel that the captain was his guard.
Manila Lottery ticket no. 9736 – jointly owned by Rizal,
Carnicero, and a Spanish resident of Dipolog won the second prize
of Php 20, 000.
51. • He built a house, a clinic, and a school from the land he bought
• He still correspondence with European researcher despite everything
proceeds; some species animal named after Rizal are Rhacoporusrizali, a
frog, and Apoganiarizali, a beetle.
• He practiced medicine and later on operated his mother's eye.
• He studies medical plants to be prescribed to his patients.
• Rizal found out that his enemies sent spies to gather proof that he was a
separatist and an insurgent.
52. • Matias Arrieta - a physician who revealed his covered mission and asked
forgiveness after Rizal cured him.
• Pablo Mercado- Introduced himself to Rizal, claiming to be Rizal’s relative;
vigorously volunteered to bring Rizal’s letters to certain persons in Manila.
Made suspicious by the visitor's insistence, but Rizal's interrogate him.
• Florencio Nanamanfrom Cagayan de Misamis - paid as a secret agent by
the Recollect friars. But because it was raining that evening, Rizal did not
command Nanaman out of his house but even let the spy spend the rainy night
in his place.
• Doctor Pio Valenzuela –an emissary sent to Dapitan by Andres Bonifacio.
• Andres Bonifacio – the Katipunan leader; believed that carrying out revolt had
to be authorized first by Rizal
53. • In August 1893, Rizal successfully operated his mother’s cataract.
• Doña Teodora left Dapitan and went to Manila to be with Don
Francisco, who was getting weaker. Shortly after his mother left,
Josephine Bracken came to Jose’s life.
• Josephine Bracken was an orphan with Irish blood and the
stepdaughter of Jose's patient from Hong Kong. Rizal and Josephine
Bracken were unable to obtain a church wedding because Jose would
not retract his anti-Catholic views.
• Before the year ended in 1895– They had a child but was born
prematurely; it was named after Rizal's father (Francisco) died a few
hours after birth.
54. • Ferdinand Blumentritt - In 1895, he informed Rizal that
the revolution-ridden Cuba, another nation colonized by
Spain, was raged by the yellow fever epidemic. Rizal wrote
to Governor-General Ramon Blanco, asking for
permission to volunteer and provide medical services in
Cuba. As days past on, receiving no reply from Blanco,
Rizal lost interest in his request.
• But on July 30, 1896 –Rizal received a letter from the
governor-general sanctioning his petition to serve as a
volunteer physician in Cuba.
55. •In the late afternoon of July 31– Rizal got on
the ‘España’ with Josephine, Narcisa, a niece,
three nephews, and three of his students.
Heartily bidding him goodbye, they shouted,
“Adios, Dr. Rizal!”. With agonize, heart, He
waved his hand in farewell to the generous and
loving Dapitan folks, saying, “Adios, Dapitan!”
56. Rizal’s Trial
Rizal asked for permission to travel as an army to
Cuba in 1895. Nevertheless, his request was
approved, in August 1896, Katipunan, a
nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres
Bonifacio, revolted. Though had no ties to the
group and disapproved of its violent methods,
Rizal was arrested shortly after that.
57. •November 20, 1896: Preliminary investigation
started
•December 8-26, 1896: Trial of Rizal
• Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade- from the
Spanish army; selected by Rizal to defend him
•Trialed by a military court at the Cuartel de
España
58. • Documents and testimonials were the types of pieces of
evidence presented against Rizal
• 15 Documentary evidence
• 13 Testimonial evidence
• Colonel Francisco Olive– one of the judges; he
administered a series of interrogations as a preliminary
investigation for Rizal. Those who were constrained to
testify against Rizal were not allowed to be cross-
examined by the accused.
59. •December 28, 1896: Governor-General Camilo
Polavieja signed the court decision and decreed that
the guilty be executed by firing squad at 7 am on
December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan (Luneta).
•December 29, 1896: Captain Rafael Dominguez
read the verdict to Rizal
• Rizal wrote an untitled poem- later known as Mi
Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell).
61. After a proclaim trial, Rizal was convicted of
rebellion and condemn to death by firing squad.
Rizal's public execution was implemented in
Manila on December 30, 1896, at age 35. His
execution was followed and created more
opposition to Spanish rule.
62. •“Consummatumest” (It is finished), his last words
• At 7:03 am: executed by a firing squad at the
Bagumbayan Field
• Paco Cemetery- where Rizal was buried
• RPJ- the initials asked by Narcisa to the caretaker
of the cemetery to put on her brother’s marble
plaque.
63. After 1896
•August 17, 1898: Rizal's name was revealed and
were brought to Narcisa's house until 1912
•December 29, 1912: Rizal's remains were
transferred from Binondo to the marble hall of the
Ayuntamiento de Manila, where the Knights of
Rizal guarded it.
