Rizal wrote extensively during his life, producing poems, essays, novels, and other works. This document outlines over 50 of his known writings, including articles published in Diariong Tagalog and La Solidaridad, poems written from his student days through exile, unfinished novels, and some of his most controversial works that addressed the future and character of the Filipino people. The works touched on topics like history, folklore, education, politics, social issues and his advocacy for reforms in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule.

1. I. Rizal’s Writings

2. Writings in “Diariong Tagalog”
1. El Amor Patrio (1882)
-first article wrote on Spanish
soil when he used “Laong-Laan”
2. Revista de Madrid (1882)
- article that was returned to
him because of fund deficit

3. Writings in “La Solidaridad”
3. Los Agricultores Filipinos (1889)
- first article written in La Soli
4. A La Defensa (1889)
- defense on anti-Filipino writing
of Patricio dela Escosura
5. Los Viajes (1889)
- tackled rewards of travelling
6. La Verdad Para Todos (1889)
- counter for charges on natives

4. 7. Vicente Barrantes (1889)
- exposed Barrantes’ ignorance
8. Defensa del Noli (1889)
- sent to Marcelo H. Del Pilar
9. Verdades Nuevas (1889)
- addressed to Vicente Sanchez’
allegation about the reforms
for Philippines was devastating
10. Una Profanacion (1889)
- attacked the refusal for
Christian burial to his brother-in-law

5. 11. Crueldad (1889)
- attacked Blumentritt’s enemies
12. Diferencias (1889)
- countered “Old Truths” article
13. Inconsequencias (1889)
- defend Luna to Pablo Mir Deas
14. Llanto y Risas (1889)
- attacked Spain’s racial prejudice
15. Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos (1889)
- 100 year-estimation of the Philippines

6. 16. Ingratitudes (1890)
- reply to Gov. Weyler’s words to
Calamba men
17. Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La
Lengua Tagala (1890)
- expressed the advocacy of new
spelling in Tagalog
18. Sobre La Indolencia De Los
Filipinos (1890)
- defend the Filipino’s indolence

7. Writings in London
1. Ma-yi (1888)
- Philippine historical commentary
2. Acerca de Tawalisi de Ibn Batuta
(1889)
- about the journey of Ibn Batuta
3. La Vision del Fray Rodriguez
- attacked the friar because of
Noli through name “Dimasalang”

8. 4. To the Young Women of Malolos
(1889)
- response to Del Pilar that
addressed the women’s seek for
education
- These twenty women’s aim to
have a Spanish school in Malolos
was opposed by Fr. Felipe
Garcia and Governor Valeriano
Weyler

9. Points of the letter:
1. Filipino mother should teach children
love of God, fatherland and mankind.
2. Filipino mother should be glad like
the Spartan mother, to offer sons
for fatherland.
3. Filipino woman should know how to
preserve dignity and honor.
4. Filipino woman should educate
herself.
5. Faith is living the real Christian way.

10. Writings in Hong Kong
1. Ang Mga Karapatan ng Tao
- Tagalog translation of French
Revolution’s “The Rights of Man”
2. A La Nacion Española (1891)
- appeal to Spain because of
Calamba tenants
3. Sa Mga Kababayan (1891)
-explained the Calamba situation

11. 4.Una Visita A La Victoria Gaol (1892)
- attacked the Spanish prison
system based in Hong Kong
5. Proyecto de Colonizacion Del British
Borneo Por Los Filipinos
- discussed his proposal in Sabah
6. La Mana Roja
- discussed the frequent fire
outbreaks in Manila

12. Articles in Trubner’s Record
1. Specimens of Tagal Folklore (1889)
- contained Filipino proverbs
2. Two Eastern Fables (1889)
- study about Japanese and
Filipino folklore
- compared his “The Tortoise and
the Monkey” to “Saru Kani
Kassen”

13. Poems
1. Mi Primera Inspiracion (1874)
- first poem during Ateneo days
2. Felicitacion (1875)
- congratulate his brother-in-law
Mariano Herbosa
3. El Embarque: Himno A La Flota de
Magallanes (1875)
- first poem read in public
program

14. 4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de
Jolo (1875)
- reflection of his love in history
5. Y Es Español: Elcano, el Primero en
dar la Vuelta al Mundo (1875)
- Sebastian De Elcano’s journey back to
Spain in 1522
6. Al Niño Jesus (1875)-
expressed the devotion to Sto. Niño

15. 7. La Tragedia de San Eustaquio
(1876)
- poem that destroyed in WW2
8. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (1876)
- remembered the memories of
Calamba, Laguna
9. Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la
Buena Educacion (1876)
-relationship of religion and
education

16. 10. Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre la
Patria (1876)
- the essence of education to
enlightenment
11. El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de
Lucena y Prision de Boabdil (1876)
- the defeat and capture of Boabdil, the
last Moorish sultan of Granada
12. La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes
Catolices en Granada (1876)
- victorious entry of King Ferdinand and
Queen Victoria to Granada

17. 13. El Heroismo De Colon (1877)
- praises Christopher Columbus
14. Un Dialogo Alusive A La Despedida
De Los Colegiales
- last poem written in Ateneo
15. Colon y Juan II (1877)
- how King John II of Portugal
missed fame by his failure to
finance Columbus expedition to New
World
16. Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha
(1877)
- tragic life of Christopher
Columbus

18. 17. A La Juventud Filipina (1879)
- winning poem in Liceo Artistico
Literario in Manila
18. Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon (1881)
- poem for the rector or Ateneo
19. Goodbye to Leonor (1882)
- written to Leonor when he left
for Spain
20. Mi Piden Versos (1882)
- written because of the request
of Circulo members

19. 21. To Miss C.O. y R.(1883)
- expressed his admiration to
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
22. A Las Flores de Heidelberg (1886)
- expressed his admiration to the
flowers of Heidelberg, Germany
23. Himno Al Trabajo (1888)
- requested by the Lipa, Batangas
men to elevate Lipa to city

20. 24. Kundiman (1891)
- expressed his love to Philippines
25. To Josephine (1895)
- dedicated to his “dulce extranjera”
26. Himno Al Talisay (1895)
- speaks about his exile in Talisay
27. Mi Retiro (1895)
- about the sceneries in Dapitan
- sent to his mother

21. 28. El Canto del Viajero (1896)
- wrote when received a news
letting him to be a doctor in
Cuba
29. Mi Ultimo Adios (1896)
- first titled as “Mi Ultimo
Pensamiento” by Mariano Ponce
- last poem written

22. Unfinished Novels
1. Untitled Third Novel (1891)
-wrote during his journey to Hong Kong
but consisted only with 44 pages and
preserved in National Library, Manila.
-About the hero named “Kamandagan”
who plotted to regain the lost freedom
of his fathers.
2. Makamisa (1892)
-unfinished Tagalog sarcastic novel
with only 2 chapters and 20 pages

23. 3. Dapitan
-wrote during his stay in Dapitan
that consisted of only 8 pages and
written in ironic Spanish
4. Untitled Sixth Novel
-consisted of 147 pages that
depicted the life in Pili, a town in
Laguna
5. Untitled Seventh Novel
-about the life of Cristobal, a
youthful Filipino student who has
returned from Europe that consisted
of 34 pages

24. 6. Untitled Eighth Novel
-Spanish and ironic novel depicted the
deplorable conditions in the Philippines
that contained in two notebooks

25. Controversial Works
1. Sa Aking mga Kabata (1869)
- wrote when he was 8 years old
- has controversial authorship
because of the word “Kalayaan”

28. 2. Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años (1889-
1890)
- published in La Solidaridad, an
essay forecasted the future of
the Philippines in a hundred years
3. Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos
(1890)
- published in La Solidaridad, an
essay in response to the accusation
of Indio’s indolence.

30. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MA
Bachelor of Arts in History
yosefhipolito19@gmail.com