Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death

1. Rizal’s: Exile,
Trial & Death

2. Reasons of Rizal’s Arrest
When Rizal returned to Manila on
June 26, 1892, he was already
declared as an enemy of the state
because of his novels.
The La Liga Filipina, a social
reformist group advocating social
reforms through legal means, was
considered a threat by the Spanish
authorities which led to Rizal's
arrest on July 6, 1892.
Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol
ordered the arrest as a political
move to appease the friars. He
published in Graceta de
Manila that the grounds for
Rizal's arrest were his anti
Catholic and anti-friar stance
which manifested in his
writings
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3. Exile, Trial, & Death
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4. 1.
Exile
Rizal’s life in Dapitan from
1892 to 1896

5. Exile
✣ Wins Lottery in Manila
- On September 21, 1892, Rizal won the second prize in a lottery
together with Ricardo Carnicero and another Spaniard.
- His share amounted to 6,200 pesos.
- A portion of Rizal's winnings was used in purchasing land
approximately one kilometer away from Dapitan in a place known as
Talisay.
- Lottery is the vice of Jose Rizal “This was his Only vice” Said the
Spaniard biographer Wenceslao E. Retana
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6. Exile
✣ Idyllic Life in Dapitan
- Since august 1893, members of his family took turns in visiting him in
order to assuage his loneliness in the isolated outpost, among them
were his mother, sisters Trinidad, Maria, Narcissa, and nephews
Teodisio, Estanislao, Mauricio and Prudencio.
- He built his house on the seashore of Talisay as well as a school and a
hospital within the area.
- Describe his life in Dapitan with his letter to Bluementrit (December
19, 1893)
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7. I am going to tell you how we live here. I have a square house, another
hexagonal, and another octagonal all made of bamboo, wood and nipa.
In the square my mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew and I live. In the
octagonal my boys live-some boys whom I teach arithmetic, Spanish and
English-and and then a patient who has been operated on. In the
hexagonal are my chickens. From my house I hear the murmur of a
crystalline rivulet that comes from the high rocks. I see the beach, the sea
where I have two small crafts-two canoes or barotos, as they call them
here. I have many fruit trees-mangoes, lanzones, guyabanos, baluno,
nangka, etc. I have rabbits, dogs, cats, etc. I get up early-at 5:00. I visit
my fields, I feed the chickens, I wake up my folks, and start them moving.
At 7:30 we take breakfast-tea, pastry, cheese, sweets, etc. Afterwards I
treat my poor patients who come to my land. I dress and go to the town in
my baroto, I treat the people there and I return at 12:00 and take lunch.
Afterwards, I teach the boys until 4:00 and 1 spend the afternoon
farming. I spend the evening reading and studying.
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Rizal’s Letter to Bluementrit

8. Exile
✣ Physician in Dapitan
- Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan.
He had many patients but most of
them were so poor that he even gave
them free medicine.
- Rizal's fame as a physician
particularly as an eye specialist pave
way to patients from different parts
of the Philippines from Luzon
Bohol, Cebu, Panay Negros, and
Mindanao and even from Hong
Kong
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✣ Community Project
- He spent many months in draining the
marshes in order to get rid of malaria that
infested in Dapitan.
- He also helped the people in putting up
lamp posts at every corner of the town
with its lighting system which consist
coconut oil lamps
- He made a big relief map of Mindanao in
the plaza and used it to teach geography.
He discussed to the town people the
position of Dapitan in relation to other
places of Mindanao.

9. Exile
✣ Artistic Works in Dapitan
- He contributed his painting skills
to the Sisters of Charity who were
preparing the sanctuary of the
Holy Virgin in their private
chapel.
SCULPTURAL WORKS OF RIZAL
● The Mothers Revenge
● The Dapitan Girl
● Woodcarving of Josephine
Bracken
● bust of St. Paul which he gave to
Father Pastells,
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✣ Contribution to Science
- During his four-year exile in dapitan,
rizal built up a rich collection of
conchology which consisted of 346
shells representing 203 species.
- Rare specimens were discovered and
named after him. among these were:
● DRACO RIZALI
● APOGONIA RIZALI
● RHACOPHORUS RIZALI

11. Exile
✣ Rizal as an Educator
- He established a school for boys in 1983 which existed until the end of
his exile in July 1896.
- These pupils did not pay any tuition instead of charging them, he
made them work in his garden, fields, and construction projects in the
community.
- Rizal taught these boys reading, writing languages (Spanish and
English), geography, mathematics arithmetic and geometry, industrial
work nature study. Morals and gymnastics.
- Outside the class hours, Rizal encouraged them to play games. They
had boxing, wrestling, stone-throwing, swimming, arnis (native
fencing), and boating.
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12. Exile
✣ Water System for Dapitan
Rizal held the title of expert surveyor
(perito agrimensor), which he obtained
from Ateneo. In Dapitan, he applied his
knowledge in engineering by constructing
a system of waterworks in order to furnish
clean water to the townspeople without any
aid from the government, he succeeded in
giving good water system for drinking and
irrigation to Dapitan.
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13. ✣ Linguistic Studies
- On April 5, 1896, his last year of
exile in Dapitan, he wrote to
Bluementritt: I know already
Bisayan and speak it quite well.
- By this time, Rizal could rank with
the worlds great linguists he knew
22 languages, as follows: Tagalog,
Ilocano, Bisayan, Subanon, Latin,
Greek, English, French, German,
Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, Sanskrit,
Dutch, Catalan, Italian, Chinese,
Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, and
Russian.
Exile
✣ Rizal as a Farmer
- Rizal bought 16 hectares of land in
Talisay, where he built his home,
school, and hospital and planted cacao,
coffee, sugarcane, coconuts and fruits
trees. Later, the total and holdings
reached 70 hectares containing 6,000
hemp plants, 1000 coconut trees, and
numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn,
coffee and cacao.
- He introduced modern agricultural
methods to Dapitan farmers and
imported agricultural machinery from
the United States.
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14. Exile
✣ Rizal’s Inventions
- He invented a wooden machine for
making bricks, this machine could make
about 6,000 bricks daily
- in 1887 while practicing medicine in
Calamba, he invented a cigarette lighter
which he sent to Blumentritt and called
it "sulpukan" made of wood and its
mechanism is based on the principle of
compressed air
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15. Exile
✣ Rizal & Josephine Bracken
- Having heard of Rizal's fame as an
ophthalmologist, George Taufer who
was suffering from an eye ailment
traveled from Hong Kong to Dapitan.
He was accompanied by his adopted
daughter, Josephine Bracken, who
eventually fell in love with Rizal
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16. Exile
- Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first sight. After a
whirlwind romance of one month, they agreed to marry. When Mr.
Traufer heard of their projected marriage, he flared un in violent rage
trying to commit suicide but Rizal prevented him from killing himself.
Mr. Traufer returned alone in Hong Kong and Josephine stayed in
Manila with Rizal's family.
- They lived as husband and wife in Rizal's octagonal house after being
denied the sacrament of marriage by Father Obach, the parish priest
of Dapitan, due to Rizal's refusal to retract his statements against the
Church and to accept other conditions.
- In the early part of 1896 Rizal and Josephine was expecting a baby but
unfortunately she prematurely gave birth to an eight month old baby
boy who lived only for three hours.
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17. Exile
✣ Rizal and Katipunan
- Andre Bonifacio, the "Great Plebeian, was showing the seeds of an
armed uprising. The secret revolutionary society called Katipunan
which he founded on July 7, 1892 was gaining more and more
adherents.
- Dr. Pio Valenzuela was sent as an emissary by Andres Bonifacio, the
leader of the Katipunan, to seek Rizal's opinion and approval of an
armed rebellion against the Spanish authorities. Rizal was outrightly
opposed to the idea of an armed rebellion. For him, the Filipinos did
not need to wage a bloody revolution to gain independence. He
believed that Filipinos were not yet united and fully educated, and that
the Katipunan lacked the machinery to defeat the Spaniards. At this
point, Rizal was hoping for concessions and reforms from Spain.
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18. Exile
✣ Volunteer as Military Doctor in Cuba
- Meanwhile, Rizal had been sending letters to then Governor General
Ramon Blanco. Twice he sent letters, one in 1894 and another in 1895. He
asked for a review of his case. He said that if his request would not be
granted, he would volunteer to serve as a surgeon under the Spanish army
fighting in the Cuban revolution.
- On July 30, 1896, Rizal's request to go to Cuba was approved. The next
day, he left for Manila on board the steamer España. Rizal's joy in
receiving the news from Malacanang that at last, he was free! Once more
he can travel to Europe and then to Cuba. From this, he wrote a heart-
warming poem "El Canto del Viajero" (The Song of the Traveler).
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19. 2.
Trial
Journey of Jose Rizal to
Bagumbayan from his last
homecoming to his trial

20. ✣ Jose Rizal left Dapitan on the
midnight of July 31, 1896
boarding the steamer España.
✣ On August 6, 1896 he missed the
mail boat to Spain
✣ On September 3, 1896 bearing
letters of introduction from the
governor general to the
secretaries of war and foreign
affairs in Spain, Jose Rizal
departed for Barcelona on board
the steamer Isla de Panay.
Trial
✣ Fifteen days before his departure the
Katipunan was betrayal on August 19.
1896.
✣ The Katipunan was discovered by fr.
Mariano Gil, members and supposed
members of the Katipunan were
arrested and tortured until they
revealed the names of other
supposed members.
✣ At least there were 4,377 people
arrested. Bonifacio himself and most
of the leaders escaped to safe hiding
places
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21. Trial
✣ The special military,
court summoned Rizal to
appear before them.
When the Isla de Panay
reached suez, a cable
awaited it, ordering the
immediate arrest of Jose
Rizal and his return to
manila for trial
✣ On November 3, 1896,
Rizal heavily guarded.
Reached manila and was
locked in Fort Santiago.
✣ His brother Paciano
was tortured with a
screw which was
twisted into his left
hand, while a pen
was thrust into his
right hand to make
him sign a
statement that his
brother Rizal had
been connected
with the Katipunan
Paciano would not
sign
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22. Trial
✣ Preliminary Investigation
- The preliminary investigation of Rizal's case began on November 20, 1896
that ran for five days.
- After the investigation, Rizal was said to have been informed of the charges
against him before a judge advocate Francisco Olive
- He was accused of being the main organizer of the revolution by having
proliferated the ideas of rebellion and of founding illegal organizations. Rizal
pleaded not guilty and even wrote a manifesto appealing to the
revolutionaries to discontinue the uprising.
- Rizal was presented with two kinds of evidence, documentary evidence and
testimonials, which he could not refute. The documentary evidence included
but not limited to the following the letters.
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23. 1. A letter of Antonio Luna to
Mariano Ponce
2. A letter of Rizal to his family
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar
to Deodato
4. A poem entitled Kundiman
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an
unidentified person
6. A Masonic document
7. A letter signed Dimasalang
Trial
8. A letter of Dimasalang to an
unidentified committee
9. An anonymous and undated letter to
the Editor of the Hongkong Telegraph
10.A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal
11. A letter of Rizal Segundo
12.A letter of Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don
Juan A. Tenluz
13. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian
14.Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik
15.A poem by Loong Laan ("Himno A
Talisay.)
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24. ✣ Testimonies against Rizal
were given by Martin
Constantino, Aguedo del
Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises
Salvador, Jose Dizon,
Domingo Franco, Deodato
Arellano, Pio Valenzuela,
Antonio Salazar, Francisco
Quison, and Timoteo Paez
Rizal, however, did not know
or had not met most of the
people included in the list.
Trial
✣ Rizal was immediately sent to trial
and held in prison after the
evidences were reviewed.
✣ Alongside his incarceration, his
properties were seized as
indemnity and he had to pay one
million pesos.
✣ Instead of a civilian lawyer, an
army officer, Luis Taviel de
Andrade, represented Rizal in
court.
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25. Trial
During the trial, Rizal defended himself
when he said that he did not question the
jurisdiction of the court, but he had
nothing to admit on the charges against
him as well as on the declarations of the
witnesses who testified against him. What
he only needed to clarify was the charge
that he dealt with political matters while in
exile.
Rizal's lawyer, Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade,
tried his best to save Rizal. However, on
December 26, 1896, the trial ended and the
sentence was read. José Rizal was found
guilty and sentenced to death by firing
squad
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26. Trial
- On December 28, 1896, Governor-General Camilo de
Polavieja signed the court decision. He later decreed that
Rizal be executed by firing squad at 7:00 a.m.
of December 30.
- Capt. Rafael Dominguez at 6 o'clock in the morning of December 29, 1896
read before Rizal the official notice of his execution, scheduled the next day
Rizal was immediately transferred to the prison chapel where he spent his
last hours on earth
- Rizal, on his last remaining days, composed his longest poem, Mi Ultimo
Adios, When his mother and sisters visited him on December 29, 1896, Rizal
gave away his remaining possessions. He handed his gas lamp to his sister
Trinidad and murmured softly in English, "There is something inside."
Eventually, Trining and her sister Maria would extract from the lamp the
copy of Rizal's last poem.
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27. 3.
DEATH
Execution. What happened after
Rizal’s Death?

28. Death
- At 3:30 n the morning of December 30, 1896 Fr. Balaguer lead a
mass Rizal, once again made a confession and received communion
- At 6:30 in the morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, in black suit
with his arms tied behind his back, walked to Bagumbayan
- At 5:00 am he ate his last breakfast and autographed some
memorabilia
- Rizal and Josephine bracken was canonically blessed as husband and
wife by Fr. Balaguer
- For the last time, he wrote a letter to his parents, Blumentritt and
Paciano
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29. Death
- Up to the last minute at Fort Santiago, Rizal defied orders from his
captors as he was instructed to face the sea and turn his back against
the firing squad. But Rizal wanted to do otherwise.
- Instead, he faced the firing squad to show his innocence of the
charges thrown at him. But the Spanish authorities forced him to
face backwards and shot him at the back instead of the head.
- Upon hearing the squad commander's shout of "Fuego (Fire) Rizal
turned to face the firing squad.
- The shot at the back allowed him to turn his body sideways and fell
on the ground with his face upward. Rizal's last word, as that of Jesus
Christ, was "Consummatum Est"--It is finished.
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30. Death
- Rizal died offering his life for his country and its freedom.
- His Death sparked the revolution in the country against the Spanish
government, which ruled Las Islas Filipinas (now the Philippines)
from 1565 to 1898.
- The Philippine independence struggle turned more violent after
Rizal's death. It was led first by Andres Bonifacio and later by Emilio
Aguinaldo. Rizal's death filled the rebels with new determination.
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31. Actual execution of
rizal.
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32. Rizal’s Route
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1 3 5
6
4
2
Dapitan Barcelona Fort Santiago
Cuba Manila Bagumbayan

33. “I wish to show those who
deny us Patriotism that we
know how to die for our
country and convictions.”
- Jose Rizal
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34. Thanks!
Any questions?
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35. Rizal’ Route
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Dapitan Barcelona
Cuba Manila
Fort Santiago
Bagumbayan

36. Resources
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