Basel II is an international standard that aims to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management within the banking sector. It improves upon Basel I by making capital requirements more risk sensitive and aligning regulatory capital more closely with underlying bank risks. Basel II consists of three pillars that cover minimum capital requirements, supervisory review, and market discipline. Implementation of Basel II varies across countries and regulators but aims to modernize capital adequacy standards to be more comprehensive and risk sensitive.
This document discusses the management of interest rate risk in banks. It defines interest rate risk and explains the main sources of this risk for banks, including re-pricing risk, basis risk, embedded option risk, and yield curve risk. The document then discusses tools for analyzing and measuring interest rate risk, such as gap analysis, simulation models, and rate shift scenarios. Managing interest rate risk is important for banks since their main source of profit relies on the difference between the interest rates paid on liabilities and earned on assets.
Capital adequacy measures a bank's capital reserves relative to its risk-weighted assets and activities. It aims to ensure banks can absorb reasonable losses without becoming insolvent. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, formed in 1974 under the Bank for International Settlements, establishes capital adequacy standards known as the Basel Accords. Basel I covered only credit risk while Basel II and III expanded coverage of risks and strengthened requirements on capital, liquidity and leverage to promote banking sector and financial stability.
This document provides an overview of treasury management in banks. It discusses key topics such as:
- The role and objectives of the treasury department in managing a bank's funds, liquidity, investments, and risks.
- The organizational structure of treasury operations, including the front office, mid office, and back office functions.
- Responsibilities of the treasury like cash forecasting, investment management, risk management, and maintaining regulatory reserves.
- The treasurer's duties in areas like financial oversight, funding, financial reporting, and controlling assets.
Liquidity risk arises from a bank's inability to meet its obligations. This document discusses various methods for measuring liquidity risk that were used before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. Before the crisis, models focused on bid-ask spreads, transaction volumes, and liquidity balances. Following the crisis, Basel III introduced two new ratios - the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) - to improve banks' short-term and long-term liquidity management. The LCR requires sufficient high-quality liquid assets to cover net cash outflows over 30 days, while the NSFR aims to ensure long-term assets are funded by stable sources over one year.
This document discusses asset liability management (ALM) in banks. It begins with definitions of ALM and describes the objectives of ALM as including efficient capital allocation, product pricing, and profitability and risk management. It outlines the components of an ALM framework including strategic, organizational, operational, and other elements. It also describes the ALM process in banks including data collection, analysis, decision making, and monitoring. Key aspects covered include the ALM committee, models used like gap analysis and duration analysis, the role of ALM under Basel standards, and ALM software options.
This document discusses liquidity risk and how banks must ensure they have sufficient liquid assets to meet obligations. It outlines various sources of liquidity risk including strategic decisions, reputation issues, market trends, and specific products. It also describes different types of liquidity risk such as asset liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk. Additionally, it discusses liquidity black holes that can develop when the entire market moves to sell assets, exacerbating liquidity issues.
This document discusses various aspects of credit risk management. It defines different types of credit like trade credit, export credit, and consumer credit. It describes the roles and responsibilities of a credit manager in evaluating risk, monitoring performance, and collecting payments. It also provides details on credit evaluation processes, credit policies, credit limits, and methods to control and mitigate credit risk.
Basel II is an international standard that aims to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management within the banking sector. It improves upon Basel I by making capital requirements more risk sensitive and aligning regulatory capital more closely with underlying bank risks. Basel II consists of three pillars that cover minimum capital requirements, supervisory review, and market discipline. Implementation of Basel II varies across countries and regulators but aims to modernize capital adequacy standards to be more comprehensive and risk sensitive.
This document discusses the management of interest rate risk in banks. It defines interest rate risk and explains the main sources of this risk for banks, including re-pricing risk, basis risk, embedded option risk, and yield curve risk. The document then discusses tools for analyzing and measuring interest rate risk, such as gap analysis, simulation models, and rate shift scenarios. Managing interest rate risk is important for banks since their main source of profit relies on the difference between the interest rates paid on liabilities and earned on assets.
Capital adequacy measures a bank's capital reserves relative to its risk-weighted assets and activities. It aims to ensure banks can absorb reasonable losses without becoming insolvent. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, formed in 1974 under the Bank for International Settlements, establishes capital adequacy standards known as the Basel Accords. Basel I covered only credit risk while Basel II and III expanded coverage of risks and strengthened requirements on capital, liquidity and leverage to promote banking sector and financial stability.
This document provides an overview of treasury management in banks. It discusses key topics such as:
- The role and objectives of the treasury department in managing a bank's funds, liquidity, investments, and risks.
- The organizational structure of treasury operations, including the front office, mid office, and back office functions.
- Responsibilities of the treasury like cash forecasting, investment management, risk management, and maintaining regulatory reserves.
- The treasurer's duties in areas like financial oversight, funding, financial reporting, and controlling assets.
Liquidity risk arises from a bank's inability to meet its obligations. This document discusses various methods for measuring liquidity risk that were used before and after the 2008 global financial crisis. Before the crisis, models focused on bid-ask spreads, transaction volumes, and liquidity balances. Following the crisis, Basel III introduced two new ratios - the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) - to improve banks' short-term and long-term liquidity management. The LCR requires sufficient high-quality liquid assets to cover net cash outflows over 30 days, while the NSFR aims to ensure long-term assets are funded by stable sources over one year.
This document discusses asset liability management (ALM) in banks. It begins with definitions of ALM and describes the objectives of ALM as including efficient capital allocation, product pricing, and profitability and risk management. It outlines the components of an ALM framework including strategic, organizational, operational, and other elements. It also describes the ALM process in banks including data collection, analysis, decision making, and monitoring. Key aspects covered include the ALM committee, models used like gap analysis and duration analysis, the role of ALM under Basel standards, and ALM software options.
This document discusses liquidity risk and how banks must ensure they have sufficient liquid assets to meet obligations. It outlines various sources of liquidity risk including strategic decisions, reputation issues, market trends, and specific products. It also describes different types of liquidity risk such as asset liquidity risk and funding liquidity risk. Additionally, it discusses liquidity black holes that can develop when the entire market moves to sell assets, exacerbating liquidity issues.
This document discusses various aspects of credit risk management. It defines different types of credit like trade credit, export credit, and consumer credit. It describes the roles and responsibilities of a credit manager in evaluating risk, monitoring performance, and collecting payments. It also provides details on credit evaluation processes, credit policies, credit limits, and methods to control and mitigate credit risk.
This material takes a pragmatic look at how the risks in the Treasury operations of a Bank can best be managed. It identifies the risks in the treasury function of a bank and highlights the need for an ERM approach for optimality.
The document discusses capital adequacy norms for banks. It explains that capital acts as a cushion for banks against losses from risks like credit, market, and liquidity risks. The amount of capital a bank needs depends on the risks it takes and is assessed by regulators. There are two tiers of capital - Tier 1 includes equity and reserves, while Tier 2 includes provisions, revaluation reserves, and subordinated debt. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issues guidelines on capital adequacy requirements to help banks manage risks.
Asset liability management (ALM) is the process of managing a bank's assets and liabilities to maximize profits and minimize risk. It involves planning asset and liability maturities and interest rates to ensure adequate liquidity and stable net interest income. The ALM process includes risk identification, measurement, and management of liquidity risk, interest rate risk, currency risk, and other risks. Banks use ALM techniques like maturity gap analysis, duration analysis, simulation, and value at risk to measure different types of risks. The asset liability committee (ALCO) oversees the ALM process and makes strategic decisions about the balance sheet, pricing, and risk management.
Basel norms were introduced by Basel Committee to have a standardized prudential norms for capital adequacy
The prudential norms defined components of capital, assigned risk weights to different types of assets and stipulated the minimum Capital Adequacy to aggregate Risk weighted Assets (CRAR)
The minimum standard of capital to be kept with commercial banks was fixed 8% of RWA under Basel 1 & Basel 2 norms which was increased to 9% of RWA under Basel 3
Capital Adequacy Ratio-
Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio of the banks capital to its risk-weighted assets
The capital adequacy of banks is assessed based on the following three aspect –
Composition of capital
Composition of risk-weighted assets
Assigning risk-weights
Basel 1
Came into effect in the year 1988
Focused majorly on credit risk
Minimum capital requirement was set 8% to be achieved by the end of 1992 and it applied to all G10 countries
However later on several non-G10 countries also adopted the same
Objectives of Basel 1 accord were : To strengthen the soundness and stability of banking system and to have high degree of consistency across the banks
Basel 2
Came into effect in the year 2006
Focused on all sort of credit risk, market risk and operational risk
Minimum capital requirement set remained same as in Basel 1 at 8%
Provided for better risk management practices and advised bank on using internal systems for assessment of risks
Supervisors were advised to take suitable approaches for efficiency of bank
Basel 3
Banks are required to maintain a minimum of Pillar 1 Capital to Risk weighted Assets Ratio of 9% on a continuous basis.
For assessment of capital charge for credit risk banks have to mandatory obtain credit rating from credit rating agencies approved by RBI.
NPA management procedures implemented through classification of loan assets as standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets.
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Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Asset Liability Management (ALM) is a dynamic process of managing a bank's assets and liabilities to maintain profitability and liquidity. It aims to match assets and liabilities based on maturities and interest rates to minimize risk from volatility. Key components of ALM include gap analysis, liquidity management, and interest rate risk management. Gap analysis involves grouping assets and liabilities into maturity buckets to identify mismatches. Liquidity management ensures sufficient funds are available to meet obligations. Interest rate risk management monitors how changes in interest rates impact earnings and economic value. Together, these components help stabilize earnings and ensure long-term sustainability of the bank.
risk which the exporters importers have to go through.
A credit risk is the risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower failing to make required payments. In the first resort, the risk is that of the lender and includes lost principal and interest, disruption to cash flows, and increased collection costs.
Credit risk refers to the risk that a borrower may not repay a loan and that the lender may lose the principal of the loan or the interest associated with it.
This document discusses bank funds and liquidity management. It defines key concepts like funds, sources of funds, liquidity, types of liquidity, liquidity risk, and principles of liquidity management. It also outlines the regulatory initiatives for funds management in Bangladesh and emphasizes the importance of adequate liquidity for banks to ensure sustainability. Maintaining proper balance between assets and liabilities is recommended for effective liquidity management.
1) Asset/liability management (ALM) is the process of making decisions about the composition of a bank's assets and liabilities in order to manage risks and ensure sustainable profits.
2) ALM decisions are typically made by a bank's asset/liability management committee (ALCO) and involve strategic balance sheet management to match assets and liabilities.
3) The goal of ALM is to manage sources and uses of funds with respect to interest rate risk and liquidity risk arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities.
Interest rate risk management for banks under Basel II, presentation by Christine Brown, Department of Finance , The University of Melbourne, Shanghai, December 8-12, 2008
This presentation is the one stop point to learn about Basel Norms in the Banking
This is the most comprehensive presentation on Risk Management in Banks and Basel Norms. It presents in details the evolution of Basel Norms right form Pre Basel area till implementation of Basel III in 2019 along with factors and reason for shifting of Basel I to II and finally to III.
Links to Video's in the presentation
Risk Management in Banks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ5_V4RW5pE
Tier 1 Capital
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tier1capital.asp
Tier 2 Capital
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tier2capital.asp
Basel I
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basel_i.asp
Capital Adequacy Ratio
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitaladequacyratio.asp
Basel II
http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/what-basel-ii/?header_alt=c
Basel III
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basell-iii.asp
RBI Governor - Raghuram G Rajan on the importance if Basel III regulations
https://youtu.be/EN27ZRe_28A
The document discusses the functions and responsibilities of treasury management in banks and companies. It begins by defining treasury management and outlining the key roles of the treasury department. It then describes the organizational structure of treasury departments, including the functions of the front office, mid office, and back office. The document also discusses objectives, cash forecasting, risk management and other responsibilities of treasury managers. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the purpose and operations of treasury management.
liquidity concepts, instruments and procedureSamiksha Chawla
This document provides an overview of liquidity concepts, instruments, and theories of liquidity management for commercial banks. It defines liquidity as the ability to meet cash needs and discusses how banks estimate liquidity needs based on past loan and deposit fluctuations. The main types of liquidity risk are funding risk, asset liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. The document then outlines various instruments banks use to manage liquidity, including liquid assets like cash reserves and securities, as well as liquid liabilities like certificates of deposits and interbank borrowing. Finally, it discusses several theories of liquidity management that have developed over time, such as the commercial loan theory, shiftability theory, and anticipated income theory.
The document provides an overview of risk management in the Indian banking sector. It discusses various types of risks banks face, including credit, market, liquidity, operational, and solvency risks. It describes the risk management process and approaches to capital allocation for operational risk under the Basel accords. The document aims to educate readers on identifying and mitigating risks to enhance efficiency and governance in Indian banks.
The document outlines the key principles that banks follow when developing their credit policies. It discusses the importance of safety, liquidity, profitability, and risk diversification. It also describes the components that are typically included in a bank's credit policy such as lending guidelines, targeted portfolio mixes, risk ratings, loan pricing, and collateral requirements. The credit policy is developed by the bank's Credit Policy Committee and must comply with regulatory requirements set by the Reserve Bank of India.
Credit risk refers to the risk of a borrower defaulting on a loan by failing to repay the principal and interest. Credit risk depends on both external economic factors like the state of the economy, commodity prices, and exchange rates, as well as company-specific factors like management expertise and policies. Banks can mitigate credit risk by requiring collateral on loans or transferring the risk to another party. Common types of collateral include real estate, other assets, and securities. Methods of transferring risk include credit derivatives and selling portions of loans.
The Basel Accords are agreements established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision that provide recommendations on banking regulations and standards. The purpose is to ensure that banks have sufficient capital reserves to protect against unexpected financial risks. Basel I established initial capital requirements and risk weights. Basel II introduced refined risk management standards. Basel III was released in 2010 in response to the financial crisis to strengthen capital and liquidity standards for banks.
Basel I, II, and III are agreements that established regulatory standards for bank capital adequacy. Basel I, established in 1988, focused on credit risk and set minimum capital requirements of 8% of risk-weighted assets. Basel II, released in 2004, included three pillars: Pillar I established a revised minimum capital framework; Pillar II covered supervisory review; and Pillar III addressed market discipline through disclosure. It recommended a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8% and prescribed the minimum capital adequacy ratio of 9% for India. Basel III, finalized in 2017, strengthened bank capital requirements in response to the 2008 financial crisis.
This document provides an introduction to credit derivatives. It defines credit risk and credit deterioration risk as the risks of financial loss due to a borrower defaulting or their credit quality decreasing. Credit derivatives allow investors to transfer these risks. The global market for credit derivatives has grown significantly. Common credit derivative products include credit default swaps, which transfer default risk, total rate of return swaps, which transfer both credit and price risk, and credit spread products. The document discusses the key features and uses of these different credit derivative products.
Integrated treasury management in banksSahas Patil
This document discusses integrated treasury management in banks. It describes the functions of a bank's treasury, including reserve management, liquidity management, risk management, and derivatives trading. It outlines the structure of an integrated treasury with front, middle, and back offices. It discusses various money market instruments in India like treasury bills, commercial papers, certificates of deposit, repos, and the Liquidity Adjustment Facility operated by the RBI. Maintaining an integrated treasury allows banks to improve profitability, manage risk, and utilize funds more efficiently.
Capital adequacy requirements impose at least a minimum capital participation by bank owners,
usually expressed as a fraction of certain assets of the bank.
This material takes a pragmatic look at how the risks in the Treasury operations of a Bank can best be managed. It identifies the risks in the treasury function of a bank and highlights the need for an ERM approach for optimality.
The document discusses capital adequacy norms for banks. It explains that capital acts as a cushion for banks against losses from risks like credit, market, and liquidity risks. The amount of capital a bank needs depends on the risks it takes and is assessed by regulators. There are two tiers of capital - Tier 1 includes equity and reserves, while Tier 2 includes provisions, revaluation reserves, and subordinated debt. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issues guidelines on capital adequacy requirements to help banks manage risks.
Asset liability management (ALM) is the process of managing a bank's assets and liabilities to maximize profits and minimize risk. It involves planning asset and liability maturities and interest rates to ensure adequate liquidity and stable net interest income. The ALM process includes risk identification, measurement, and management of liquidity risk, interest rate risk, currency risk, and other risks. Banks use ALM techniques like maturity gap analysis, duration analysis, simulation, and value at risk to measure different types of risks. The asset liability committee (ALCO) oversees the ALM process and makes strategic decisions about the balance sheet, pricing, and risk management.
Basel norms were introduced by Basel Committee to have a standardized prudential norms for capital adequacy
The prudential norms defined components of capital, assigned risk weights to different types of assets and stipulated the minimum Capital Adequacy to aggregate Risk weighted Assets (CRAR)
The minimum standard of capital to be kept with commercial banks was fixed 8% of RWA under Basel 1 & Basel 2 norms which was increased to 9% of RWA under Basel 3
Capital Adequacy Ratio-
Capital adequacy ratio is the ratio of the banks capital to its risk-weighted assets
The capital adequacy of banks is assessed based on the following three aspect –
Composition of capital
Composition of risk-weighted assets
Assigning risk-weights
Basel 1
Came into effect in the year 1988
Focused majorly on credit risk
Minimum capital requirement was set 8% to be achieved by the end of 1992 and it applied to all G10 countries
However later on several non-G10 countries also adopted the same
Objectives of Basel 1 accord were : To strengthen the soundness and stability of banking system and to have high degree of consistency across the banks
Basel 2
Came into effect in the year 2006
Focused on all sort of credit risk, market risk and operational risk
Minimum capital requirement set remained same as in Basel 1 at 8%
Provided for better risk management practices and advised bank on using internal systems for assessment of risks
Supervisors were advised to take suitable approaches for efficiency of bank
Basel 3
Banks are required to maintain a minimum of Pillar 1 Capital to Risk weighted Assets Ratio of 9% on a continuous basis.
For assessment of capital charge for credit risk banks have to mandatory obtain credit rating from credit rating agencies approved by RBI.
NPA management procedures implemented through classification of loan assets as standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets.
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Asset Liability Management (ALM) is a dynamic process of managing a bank's assets and liabilities to maintain profitability and liquidity. It aims to match assets and liabilities based on maturities and interest rates to minimize risk from volatility. Key components of ALM include gap analysis, liquidity management, and interest rate risk management. Gap analysis involves grouping assets and liabilities into maturity buckets to identify mismatches. Liquidity management ensures sufficient funds are available to meet obligations. Interest rate risk management monitors how changes in interest rates impact earnings and economic value. Together, these components help stabilize earnings and ensure long-term sustainability of the bank.
risk which the exporters importers have to go through.
A credit risk is the risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower failing to make required payments. In the first resort, the risk is that of the lender and includes lost principal and interest, disruption to cash flows, and increased collection costs.
Credit risk refers to the risk that a borrower may not repay a loan and that the lender may lose the principal of the loan or the interest associated with it.
This document discusses bank funds and liquidity management. It defines key concepts like funds, sources of funds, liquidity, types of liquidity, liquidity risk, and principles of liquidity management. It also outlines the regulatory initiatives for funds management in Bangladesh and emphasizes the importance of adequate liquidity for banks to ensure sustainability. Maintaining proper balance between assets and liabilities is recommended for effective liquidity management.
1) Asset/liability management (ALM) is the process of making decisions about the composition of a bank's assets and liabilities in order to manage risks and ensure sustainable profits.
2) ALM decisions are typically made by a bank's asset/liability management committee (ALCO) and involve strategic balance sheet management to match assets and liabilities.
3) The goal of ALM is to manage sources and uses of funds with respect to interest rate risk and liquidity risk arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities.
Interest rate risk management for banks under Basel II, presentation by Christine Brown, Department of Finance , The University of Melbourne, Shanghai, December 8-12, 2008
This presentation is the one stop point to learn about Basel Norms in the Banking
This is the most comprehensive presentation on Risk Management in Banks and Basel Norms. It presents in details the evolution of Basel Norms right form Pre Basel area till implementation of Basel III in 2019 along with factors and reason for shifting of Basel I to II and finally to III.
Links to Video's in the presentation
Risk Management in Banks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fZ5_V4RW5pE
Tier 1 Capital
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tier1capital.asp
Tier 2 Capital
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tier2capital.asp
Basel I
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basel_i.asp
Capital Adequacy Ratio
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/capitaladequacyratio.asp
Basel II
http://www.investopedia.com/video/play/what-basel-ii/?header_alt=c
Basel III
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basell-iii.asp
RBI Governor - Raghuram G Rajan on the importance if Basel III regulations
https://youtu.be/EN27ZRe_28A
The document discusses the functions and responsibilities of treasury management in banks and companies. It begins by defining treasury management and outlining the key roles of the treasury department. It then describes the organizational structure of treasury departments, including the functions of the front office, mid office, and back office. The document also discusses objectives, cash forecasting, risk management and other responsibilities of treasury managers. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the purpose and operations of treasury management.
liquidity concepts, instruments and procedureSamiksha Chawla
This document provides an overview of liquidity concepts, instruments, and theories of liquidity management for commercial banks. It defines liquidity as the ability to meet cash needs and discusses how banks estimate liquidity needs based on past loan and deposit fluctuations. The main types of liquidity risk are funding risk, asset liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. The document then outlines various instruments banks use to manage liquidity, including liquid assets like cash reserves and securities, as well as liquid liabilities like certificates of deposits and interbank borrowing. Finally, it discusses several theories of liquidity management that have developed over time, such as the commercial loan theory, shiftability theory, and anticipated income theory.
The document provides an overview of risk management in the Indian banking sector. It discusses various types of risks banks face, including credit, market, liquidity, operational, and solvency risks. It describes the risk management process and approaches to capital allocation for operational risk under the Basel accords. The document aims to educate readers on identifying and mitigating risks to enhance efficiency and governance in Indian banks.
The document outlines the key principles that banks follow when developing their credit policies. It discusses the importance of safety, liquidity, profitability, and risk diversification. It also describes the components that are typically included in a bank's credit policy such as lending guidelines, targeted portfolio mixes, risk ratings, loan pricing, and collateral requirements. The credit policy is developed by the bank's Credit Policy Committee and must comply with regulatory requirements set by the Reserve Bank of India.
Credit risk refers to the risk of a borrower defaulting on a loan by failing to repay the principal and interest. Credit risk depends on both external economic factors like the state of the economy, commodity prices, and exchange rates, as well as company-specific factors like management expertise and policies. Banks can mitigate credit risk by requiring collateral on loans or transferring the risk to another party. Common types of collateral include real estate, other assets, and securities. Methods of transferring risk include credit derivatives and selling portions of loans.
The Basel Accords are agreements established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision that provide recommendations on banking regulations and standards. The purpose is to ensure that banks have sufficient capital reserves to protect against unexpected financial risks. Basel I established initial capital requirements and risk weights. Basel II introduced refined risk management standards. Basel III was released in 2010 in response to the financial crisis to strengthen capital and liquidity standards for banks.
Basel I, II, and III are agreements that established regulatory standards for bank capital adequacy. Basel I, established in 1988, focused on credit risk and set minimum capital requirements of 8% of risk-weighted assets. Basel II, released in 2004, included three pillars: Pillar I established a revised minimum capital framework; Pillar II covered supervisory review; and Pillar III addressed market discipline through disclosure. It recommended a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8% and prescribed the minimum capital adequacy ratio of 9% for India. Basel III, finalized in 2017, strengthened bank capital requirements in response to the 2008 financial crisis.
This document provides an introduction to credit derivatives. It defines credit risk and credit deterioration risk as the risks of financial loss due to a borrower defaulting or their credit quality decreasing. Credit derivatives allow investors to transfer these risks. The global market for credit derivatives has grown significantly. Common credit derivative products include credit default swaps, which transfer default risk, total rate of return swaps, which transfer both credit and price risk, and credit spread products. The document discusses the key features and uses of these different credit derivative products.
Integrated treasury management in banksSahas Patil
This document discusses integrated treasury management in banks. It describes the functions of a bank's treasury, including reserve management, liquidity management, risk management, and derivatives trading. It outlines the structure of an integrated treasury with front, middle, and back offices. It discusses various money market instruments in India like treasury bills, commercial papers, certificates of deposit, repos, and the Liquidity Adjustment Facility operated by the RBI. Maintaining an integrated treasury allows banks to improve profitability, manage risk, and utilize funds more efficiently.
Capital adequacy requirements impose at least a minimum capital participation by bank owners,
usually expressed as a fraction of certain assets of the bank.
This document discusses capital adequacy, capital planning, and approaches to measuring capital adequacy for banks and financial institutions. It defines capital and capital adequacy, and explains that capital adequacy measures a bank's ability to repay depositors and creditors. It also discusses the need for capital adequacy and capital planning to support growth, absorb losses, ensure public confidence, and identify future capital needs. Finally, it outlines different approaches used to measure capital adequacy, including ratio approaches, risk-based approaches, and portfolio approaches.
Nepal Rastra Bank introduced new consolidated directives in accordance with the BFI Act and Basel II principles to ensure financial stability and discipline in the Nepalese banking industry. The directives establish regulations in areas such as capital adequacy, loan classification and provisioning, credit concentration limits, accounting policies, risk management, corporate governance, compliance, investment policies, reporting requirements, and interest rates. Banks and financial institutions are responsible for complying with the 16 directives, which cover topics such as capital adequacy, loan classification, credit limits, accounting standards, risk minimization, governance, compliance, investments, reporting, transfers of promoter shares, consortium financing, credit information, reserves, branch expansion, interest rates, and financial resource generation
AN ASSESSMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKING SECTOR A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFE...Courtney Esco
1) The document assesses risk management in the banking sector in India, with a focus on public and private sector banks. It analyzes the non-performing asset (NPA) positions and risk management practices after the implementation of Basel II standards.
2) The study finds that the level of NPAs as a percentage of total assets has declined for both public and private sector banks in India over the past 19 years. However, the extent of NPAs is comparatively higher for public sector banks than private sector and foreign banks.
3) The risk management practices of banks in India have improved after adopting Basel II standards in areas like capital adequacy requirements and identifying problem loans. However, an efficient risk management system
This document discusses various risks faced by banks such as credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and operational risk. It summarizes Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III capital adequacy frameworks which establish minimum capital requirements for banks. It outlines the key components of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital and how risk weighted assets are calculated to determine the capital adequacy ratio. The Reserve Bank of India requires banks to maintain a minimum capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 9% under Basel II norms.
This presentation discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking sector. It defines NPAs as loans where interest or principal payments are overdue for more than 90 days. NPAs hurt bank profitability, liquidity, and capital adequacy. Common causes of NPAs include willful defaults, diversion of funds, and an inability to raise capital. While banks have taken measures to manage NPAs like quick identification and monitoring, NPAs remain a major concern as they affect asset quality and bank survival. Proper NPA management is essential for a healthy banking environment.
Basel 2 focuses on strengthening bank capital requirements. It has 3 pillars: minimum capital standards, supervisory review, and market discipline. Tier 1 capital includes equity shares and disclosed reserves. Tier 2 capital includes undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves, general loan loss provisions, and subordinated debt. Risk-weighted assets are used to determine capital adequacy ratios, with different asset classes receiving different risk weights depending on their risk level. Basel 2 allows both standardized and internal ratings-based approaches to calculating capital requirements for credit risk.
Performance measurement of banks npa analysis & credentials of parametersvikaas12
The document discusses various ratios that can be used to analyze the performance and sustainability of banks. It outlines ratios to assess profitability, asset quality, capital adequacy, and staff productivity. Specific ratios mentioned include net interest margin, NPAs/total assets, and capital/risk-weighted assets. The document also provides definitions for key terms used in ratio analysis and suggests comparing ratio values for different bank groups to evaluate relative performance over time.
An empirical analysis on asset quality of public sector banks in india non p...chelliah paramasivan
This document discusses asset quality and non-performing assets (NPAs) in public sector banks in India. It defines key terms like gross NPAs, net NPAs, and classifications of assets. Gross NPAs include all non-performing assets, while net NPAs are calculated after deducting provisions. Assets are classified as substandard, doubtful or loss based on the period of being non-performing and recoverability. The document also discusses internal and external factors that can contribute to increasing NPAs and outlines prior literature on NPAs and financial reforms in India.
Basel III and its impact on the Indian banking sector. Basel I, II, and III are international banking accord that set capital requirements for banks to reduce risks. Basel III strengthens bank capital and liquidity rules following the 2008 crisis. For India, Basel III means banks must increase capital, manage liquidity risks better, and improve transparency. This will impact bank profitability, capital raising, and consolidation in the Indian banking system.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Advanced Research in Management that assesses risk management in the Indian banking sector, with a focus on public and private sector banks. It provides context on risk management and non-performing assets (NPAs) in banking. The study analyzes trends in NPAs for public and private sector banks from 1992 to 2012 and examines capital adequacy ratios after the implementation of Basel II regulations from 2007 to 2012. The document reviews previous literature on risk management and NPAs and outlines the objectives and methodology of the research.
Non-performing assets (NPAs) refer to loans that are in default or close to being in default. NPAs have become a major issue for Indian banks and financial institutions, totaling over Rs. 1.1 trillion. The origin of rising NPAs lies in poor credit risk management practices in banks. To resolve NPAs, the government established asset reconstruction companies (ARCs) to purchase NPAs from banks and resolve them to enable banks to focus on core operations and lending. ARCs operate under the legal framework of the Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act of 2002.
SoSeBa Bank - Risk Managment of a fictitious BankAlliochah Gavyn
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1. RISK WEIGHTED ASSETS
AND NOTES TO
ACCOUNTS OF SANIMA
BANK
Prepared by:
Dipesh Raj Pandey
Ace Institute of Management (BBA-BI)
Year - 2014
2. Risk weighted assets
Risk weighted assets is a measure of the amount of a
banks assets, adjusted for risk. The nature of a bank's
business means it is usual for almost all of a bank's assets
will consist of loans to customers. Comparing the amount
of capital a bank has with the amount of its assets gives a
measure of how able the bank is to absorb losses. If its
capital is 10% of its assets, then it can lose 10% of its
assets without becoming insolvent.
3. Risk weighted assets
Nepal Rastra Bank has developed and enforced capital
adequacy requirement based on international practices
with appropriate level of customization based on domestic
state of market developments. The existing regulatory
capital is based on the Basel committee's 1988
recommendations.
The NCAF(New Capital Adequacy Framework) outlines the
Nepal Rastra Bank's guidelines for domestic commercial
banks, which is based on the simplest approaches of Basel
II framework.
4. Capital Adequacy should be maintained on
the basis of total risk weighted assets. The
logic behind the capital adequacy is to
protect the interest of public deposit as
well as safeguard the banks in their critical
financial position.
Institution Minimum capital adequacy on RWA(%)
Primary Capital Total Capital Fund
A, B and C class 6.0 12.0
D class 4.0 8.0
5. Risk weighted assets
This system provided for the implementation of
a credit risk measurement framework with a
minimum capital requirement of 8% on banks
Risk Weighted Assets (RWA).
In all the fiscal years, Sanima Bank has
maintained this requirement.
6. Risk weighted assets
RISK WEIGHTED ASSETS
Particulars FY
2066/67
FY
2067/68
FY
2068/69
FY
2069/70
FY
2070/71
Adequacy of capital
fund on RWA
Core Capital 15.56 27.54 19.82 13.91 11.52
Supplementary
Capital
0.94 0.87 0.93 0.96 1.02
Total Capital Fund 16.51 28.41 20.74 14.87 12.54
7. Notes to accounts
The notes to the accounts are a series of notes that are referred to in the main body of
the financial statements.
The notes give further details on the numbers given in the accounts. The importance of
these numbers should not be underestimated. The accounts are not complete without
the notes. Investors who rely on the main body of the accounts and ignore the notes
are likely to find themselves misled.
Typical notes include:
a reconciliation of operating profit to operating cash flow which can be used to
calculate EBITDA, and working capital movements.
a geographic breakdown of sales which can give investors an idea of exposure to
different national economies.
details of assets and liabilities.
Because the notes can greatly change one's interpretation of the numbers in the financial
statements, a very effective way of understanding a set of financial statements is
to read the notes first — to read the accounts from the bottom up.
8. Notes to Accounts
The notes to accounts of Sanima Bank give detailed information about
1. Equity (paid-up equity capital, general reserve, deferred tax reserve,
investment adjustment reserve, exchange equalization fund)
2. Proposed Bonus Share and Cash Dividend
3. Unpaid Dividend
4. Reconciliation Status
5. Loans and advances [Sectoral Classification, Movement of Loans, Summary
of Loans and Advances Disbursed, Recovered and Principal and Interest
Written-Off, Concentration of Loans & Advances (Funded & Non Funded
Facilities), Deprived sector lending (DSL)]
9. Notes to Accounts
6. Deposit Liabilities (Movement of Deposits, Concentration of Deposits)
7. Weighted Average Interest Rate Spread
8. Staff Loans and Advances
9. Taxation
10. Staff Housing
11. Gratuity
12. Staff Leave
13. Provision for staff bonus
14. Interest realization after year end
10. Notes to Accounts
15. Borrowing by the Bank against collateral of own Assets – NIL
16. Earnings Per Share, Share Price And Share Transaction
17. Details of Non Banking Assets
18. Details of Leasehold Assets Amortization
19. Fixed Assets Used By Government in Road Expansion
20. Classification of Assets And Liabilities Based On Maturity
21. Related Parties
22. Total of key management personnel compensation (Disclosure as per NAS-16)
23. Compensation to Board of Directors (BODs)
24. Risk Management Functions & BASEL II Disclosure