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1) This document discusses the importance of agriculture in Indonesia and the relationship between agriculture and climate change. It notes that agriculture is a significant sector for Indonesia's economy and food sustainability. 2) It describes climate change impacts on agriculture in Indonesia, such as increased pest attacks and changes in crop yields, as well as the role of Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) in providing climate data and information products to support agriculture adaptation. 3) BMKG analyzes weather and climate data from across Indonesia to produce information products like rainfall forecasts and soil moisture levels to help with crop planning and adaptation efforts. This climate information is disseminated to farmers, government agencies and the public
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Climate change, agriculture and food security: overview and key tools
Climate change, agriculture and food security: overview and key toolsCCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
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This document discusses the impact of climate change on food security in Pakistan. It introduces food security and climate change, then outlines the dimensions of food security. It states that Pakistan is an agrarian country and the interaction between climate change and agriculture is complex. Problems caused by climate change that affect food security are then discussed, such as floods, drought, and water crises. The effects of climate change like acidic rain and heat stress on agriculture are also outlined. The document establishes the problem statement, significance, research questions and objectives of studying this topic. It reviews relevant literature and presents two hypotheses. The methodology and model used are described, which find that rainfall has a positive impact on food production while temperature has a negative impact. Recommend
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This document summarizes problems faced by farmers in India due to environmental changes. It discusses how changes in factors like global warming, unpredictable monsoons, groundwater depletion, and pollution negatively impact agriculture. Over 2/3 of India's population depends on farming as their primary occupation. The document also notes that 40% of suicides in India are farmers, highlighting their struggles. It examines the hydrological, heat, CO2, ozone, and economic impacts of climate change on agriculture. Finally, it discusses steps the government of Punjab is taking to help farmers, such as funding for water management projects.
Climate change impact and adaptation in wheat
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Climate change impact and adaptation in wheat. Presentation by by Prof. Senthold Asseng, Professor at the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department of the University of Florida.
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1) A study analyzed the awareness and perceptions of 150 farmers in Bijapur, India on the impacts of climate change on agriculture. The results showed that 40% of farmers had high awareness of changes in precipitation patterns, while 58% had high awareness of temperature increases.
2) The majority of farmers perceived negative effects of climate change on soil fertility, crops grown, cropping patterns, use of chemical fertilizers, pest infestation, and grain yield. Nearly all farmers observed effects on timing of operations and increased pesticide use.
3) Regarding livestock, the vast majority (over 90%) of farmers perceived negative effects on the type and number of livestock reared as well as reduced milk yields from climate
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8 May 2019. Cairo. ICARDA Workshop on Modeling Climate Change Impacts in Agriculture.
Climate change impact and adaptation in wheat. Presentation by by Prof. Senthold Asseng, Professor at the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department of the University of Florida.
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2) The majority of farmers perceived negative effects of climate change on soil fertility, crops grown, cropping patterns, use of chemical fertilizers, pest infestation, and grain yield. Nearly all farmers observed effects on timing of operations and increased pesticide use.
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The world's climate is changing, and the growing evidence is that the major drivers are anthropogenic, i.e. caused by humans. While humans are contributing to the changing climates the impacts of climate change on other humans range from minor to severe depending on the region one is located. As such, climate change has been viewed as a problem with a negative exernality. The diverse distributionl impacts have resulted in "winners" and "losers". But what is the way forward. I argue that "winners" should support and help the "losers" regain a normal life, by helping them to be resilient. Enjoy.
Climate Smart Agriculture
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This paper compares farmers' perceptions of climate change with meteorological records in Africa and Asia, and seeks to explain divergences between the two. 18 studies from 2000 onwards were reviewed that analyzed farmers' perceptions of temperature and rainfall changes and whether these aligned with records. Most studies found convergence for temperature rises, but divergences for rainfall where records showed changes that farmers did not perceive. The paper explores behavioral economics theories like expected utility theory and availability heuristic to understand why perceptions may diverge from records, noting farmers make decisions based on risk preferences and memorable events.
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Climate change is negatively impacting agriculture in India. Rising temperatures are shortening crop growing periods and reducing yields of wheat, rice, maize, and other crops. Higher temperatures combined with increased CO2 levels can decrease crop nutrition. Climate change is also worsening soil health, affecting livestock and fish production, and increasing pest and disease pressures. Projections indicate continued temperature rises and more extreme weather, posing severe threats to Indian agriculture and food security over the coming decades.
Effect of Climate Change on Maize (Zea-mays) and Cassava (Manihot-esculenta) ...
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Agriculture is one of those activities of man that is greatly affected by climate. Therefore, a change in climate would in no small measure impact on agriculture, location notwithstanding. This work as a result examined the impact of climate change on maize and cassava yields in Southeastern Nigeria. Expost-facto research method in the context of quasi experimental research design was adopted for the study. Data for rainfall and temperature were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET); and those for crop yields came from Federal Ministry of Agriculture of Nigeria and Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) of selected states. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regressions and analysis of variance. Results showed that, there are evidences of climate change in Southeastern Nigeria, with notable fluctuations in the identified trends. Employing the trend analysis represented by the least square line, Abia State rainfall is increasing at 0.1026mm per annum, while Imo State is decreasing at -1.1255 mm per annum. All the states recorded positive slopes in mean temperature which shows an increase in their trends. The multiple regression model showed R2 values that ranged between 0.25 – 0.29 revealing that only 25 %- 29 % of cassava and maize yields could be explained by rainfall and temperature across the states and the result was significant at p<0.05 revealing that cassava and maize yields significantly depended on rainfall and temperature. Crop yields were also significantly different spatially. As a result of the findings the study strongly advocates, development of better and sustained environmental policies that will be beneficial to climate systems while creating sustainable food security.impact of climate change in rainfed agriculture
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Impact of climate change on rice production
Climate is defined as the average weather patterns over a 30-year period for a particular region, whereas weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions. Climate change represents a change in these long-term weather patterns through changes in temperature, rainfall, and other climatic factors. Rice production depends heavily on climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, and light intensity. Impacts of climate change on rice production include heat stress reducing yields and grain quality, as well as increased incidence of droughts and floods damaging rice crops in Bangladesh.
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This document summarizes the impacts of climate change on agriculture in India. It discusses how climate change can negatively affect crop yields and production through increased temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. It provides examples of studies that project declines in the production of crops like rice, wheat and sorghum in different parts of India due to climate change. The document also discusses how climate change may reduce milk production in India. It identifies adaptation strategies like altered cropping practices and integrated farming as ways for agriculture to build resilience against climate impacts.
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This document discusses the potential impacts of climate change on Bhutan's food security. It notes that Bhutan has a mountainous ecosystem that is vulnerable to climate change. Its agriculture is important for food security and livelihoods but is threatened by climate change. Specific climate hazards discussed are melting glaciers, landslides, and rising temperatures. These hazards can damage crops and infrastructure, cause food insecurity and health issues. Adaptation measures discussed include early warning systems, lowering glacial lake levels, soil conservation, water harvesting, and incentives for low emission technologies. The conclusion states that climate change is already affecting food systems and vulnerability, and greater impacts are expected in the future.
Impact of agriculture on climate change
Agriculture contributes significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is responsible for about half of global methane emissions from livestock digestion and 60% of anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions. Modern industrial agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, deforestation, and burning of agricultural residues release greenhouse gases and damage soil and biodiversity. Mitigation efforts include carbon sequestration, reducing emissions through drip irrigation and crop covers, and adopting sustainable practices like crop rotation and diversification.
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
Farmers in India face challenges from environmental changes like climate change. Unexpected changes in climate can damage crops by increasing their size but decreasing quality, affecting farmers' income and causing big economic losses. While climate change has advantages, it creates major problems for the farming sector. The government should help farmers more during losses by increasing compensation amounts. Farmers also need to prepare for potential threats to minimize impacts.
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The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and rural development in Pacific island countries. It notes that rising sea levels and changes in rainfall patterns from climate change threaten coconut trees, an important food and cash crop. On Maiana Island in Kiribati, decreases in rainfall are reducing food and copra production, potentially exacerbating effects of sea level rise such as land loss. Climate change also poses challenges for rural energy development projects in Kiribati by reducing incomes from copra that communities rely on to purchase and maintain new energy systems. Adaptation will require financial resources, developing resilient cash crops, and gender-sensitive policies.
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climate change and impact of Indian Agriculture
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Economic perspectives on the impact of climate change on agriculture
The world's climate is changing, and the growing evidence is that the major drivers are anthropogenic, i.e. caused by humans. While humans are contributing to the changing climates the impacts of climate change on other humans range from minor to severe depending on the region one is located. As such, climate change has been viewed as a problem with a negative exernality. The diverse distributionl impacts have resulted in "winners" and "losers". But what is the way forward. I argue that "winners" should support and help the "losers" regain a normal life, by helping them to be resilient. Enjoy.
Climate Smart Agriculture
This document discusses climate-smart agriculture which aims to increase food security, adaptation to climate change, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It notes that agriculture contributes significantly to emissions but can also be part of the solution. Key points made include that climate-smart practices already exist but more investment is needed, smallholders require support to transition, and available financing is insufficient. Agriculture mitigation is not just about soils but also vegetation, and emission reductions per unit of food produced will make a major contribution. Monitoring does not need to measure everything but focus on strategic levels and proxies to help implement policies. Links between agriculture, forests, and REDD+ are also discussed.
O que influencia a percepção dos produtores rurais no contexto das mudanças c...
This paper compares farmers' perceptions of climate change with meteorological records in Africa and Asia, and seeks to explain divergences between the two. 18 studies from 2000 onwards were reviewed that analyzed farmers' perceptions of temperature and rainfall changes and whether these aligned with records. Most studies found convergence for temperature rises, but divergences for rainfall where records showed changes that farmers did not perceive. The paper explores behavioral economics theories like expected utility theory and availability heuristic to understand why perceptions may diverge from records, noting farmers make decisions based on risk preferences and memorable events.
Climate change and agriculture
Climate change is negatively impacting agriculture in India. Rising temperatures are shortening crop growing periods and reducing yields of wheat, rice, maize, and other crops. Higher temperatures combined with increased CO2 levels can decrease crop nutrition. Climate change is also worsening soil health, affecting livestock and fish production, and increasing pest and disease pressures. Projections indicate continued temperature rises and more extreme weather, posing severe threats to Indian agriculture and food security over the coming decades.
Effect of Climate Change on Maize (Zea-mays) and Cassava (Manihot-esculenta) ...
Effect of Climate Change on Maize (Zea-mays) and Cassava (Manihot-esculenta) ...Journal of Agriculture and Crops
Agriculture is one of those activities of man that is greatly affected by climate. Therefore, a change in climate would in no small measure impact on agriculture, location notwithstanding. This work as a result examined the impact of climate change on maize and cassava yields in Southeastern Nigeria. Expost-facto research method in the context of quasi experimental research design was adopted for the study. Data for rainfall and temperature were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET); and those for crop yields came from Federal Ministry of Agriculture of Nigeria and Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) of selected states. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regressions and analysis of variance. Results showed that, there are evidences of climate change in Southeastern Nigeria, with notable fluctuations in the identified trends. Employing the trend analysis represented by the least square line, Abia State rainfall is increasing at 0.1026mm per annum, while Imo State is decreasing at -1.1255 mm per annum. All the states recorded positive slopes in mean temperature which shows an increase in their trends. The multiple regression model showed R2 values that ranged between 0.25 – 0.29 revealing that only 25 %- 29 % of cassava and maize yields could be explained by rainfall and temperature across the states and the result was significant at p<0.05 revealing that cassava and maize yields significantly depended on rainfall and temperature. Crop yields were also significantly different spatially. As a result of the findings the study strongly advocates, development of better and sustained environmental policies that will be beneficial to climate systems while creating sustainable food security.impact of climate change in rainfed agriculture
This document summarizes a master's seminar on the impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture. It discusses how climate change affects agricultural production through higher temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. Key impacts include reduced soil productivity, increased water demand and pest populations, and decreased crop yields. The document also outlines strategies for agricultural adaptation, including developing resistant crop varieties, improved water and land management, and crop diversification. Overall, the seminar evaluated how climate change threatens rainfed agriculture systems and policies needed to help farmers adapt.
Impact of climate change on rice production
Climate is defined as the average weather patterns over a 30-year period for a particular region, whereas weather describes short-term atmospheric conditions. Climate change represents a change in these long-term weather patterns through changes in temperature, rainfall, and other climatic factors. Rice production depends heavily on climatic factors like temperature, rainfall, and light intensity. Impacts of climate change on rice production include heat stress reducing yields and grain quality, as well as increased incidence of droughts and floods damaging rice crops in Bangladesh.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
This document summarizes the impacts of climate change on agriculture in India. It discusses how climate change can negatively affect crop yields and production through increased temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. It provides examples of studies that project declines in the production of crops like rice, wheat and sorghum in different parts of India due to climate change. The document also discusses how climate change may reduce milk production in India. It identifies adaptation strategies like altered cropping practices and integrated farming as ways for agriculture to build resilience against climate impacts.
Climate change and food security
This document discusses the potential impacts of climate change on Bhutan's food security. It notes that Bhutan has a mountainous ecosystem that is vulnerable to climate change. Its agriculture is important for food security and livelihoods but is threatened by climate change. Specific climate hazards discussed are melting glaciers, landslides, and rising temperatures. These hazards can damage crops and infrastructure, cause food insecurity and health issues. Adaptation measures discussed include early warning systems, lowering glacial lake levels, soil conservation, water harvesting, and incentives for low emission technologies. The conclusion states that climate change is already affecting food systems and vulnerability, and greater impacts are expected in the future.
Impact of agriculture on climate change
Agriculture contributes significantly to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is responsible for about half of global methane emissions from livestock digestion and 60% of anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions. Modern industrial agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, deforestation, and burning of agricultural residues release greenhouse gases and damage soil and biodiversity. Mitigation efforts include carbon sequestration, reducing emissions through drip irrigation and crop covers, and adopting sustainable practices like crop rotation and diversification.
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
Farmers in India face challenges from environmental changes like climate change. Unexpected changes in climate can damage crops by increasing their size but decreasing quality, affecting farmers' income and causing big economic losses. While climate change has advantages, it creates major problems for the farming sector. The government should help farmers more during losses by increasing compensation amounts. Farmers also need to prepare for potential threats to minimize impacts.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE IN JAMAICA
Our climate is changing because as human beings we have increased the amount of certain gases, called greenhouse gases, in our atmosphere.
Impact of climate change on agriculture and food A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad K...
Impact of climate change on agriculture and food A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Climate-smart Agriculture
Climate-smart agriculture aims to achieve two goals: ensuring food security and avoiding dangerous climate change. To meet the increasing food demand by 2050 while adapting to climate change, agriculture must increase productivity sustainably. Practices like conserving and managing water resources efficiently and reducing food losses can help boost food security and mitigate emissions. However, achieving these goals also depends on demographic, economic, and consumption pattern changes. Climate-smart agriculture sustains productivity and resilience increases while reducing greenhouse gases to enhance food security and development, using ecosystem-based landscape approaches. Key actions include investing in research, supporting smallholders' transition, and aligning agriculture, food security, and climate change policies and financing. Agriculture's full mitigation potential lies not
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Economic impacts of climate change in the philippine agriculture sector
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Impact of climate change on agriculture and food A Presentation to NGO By Mr ...
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Economic perspectives on the impact of climate change on agriculture
O que influencia a percepção dos produtores rurais no contexto das mudanças c...
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Effect of Climate Change on Maize (Zea-mays) and Cassava (Manihot-esculenta) ...
Effect of Climate Change on Maize (Zea-mays) and Cassava (Manihot-esculenta) ...
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
Impact of climate change on agriculture and food A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad K...
Impact of climate change on agriculture and food A Lecture by Mr Allah Dad K...
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Get here the entire database of sewage treatment plant manufacturers and exporters from India.The manufacturing companies in India are offering products at suitable prices.
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The document discusses various causes and impacts of sewage and sea water pollution. It notes that untreated sewage discharge is a major cause of surface and groundwater pollution in India due to gaps in waste treatment. Sewage can enter waterways through urban runoff, broken sewage pipes, direct discharge into storm drains, sewage overflows, illegal dumping, and irrigation with greywater. The World Health Organization recommends daily water usage amounts for various purposes. Sea water pollution is caused by oil pollution, sewage discharge, and radioactive waste, and is negatively impacting marine ecosystems.
Global Sewage Treatment Plant Market: Trends, Opportunities and Forecasts (20...
The document is a market research report on the global sewage treatment market from 2016 to 2021. It provides an overview of the market size and growth trends by type of treatment, end user, and region. The report analyzes market trends for sludge digestion, dewatering, drying, and disposal. It also examines the market in key geographic regions including North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East/Africa. The competitive landscape and profiles of major players in the sewage treatment industry are also included.
Eastern ontario local food 2050 - Allan Douglas
This session will provide an overview of what climate change means for agriculture in Eastern Ontario. What does current scientific understanding predict for this region when it comes to growing conditions in the coming years? Concepts of adaptation and mitigation will be discussed, providing producers with practical suggestions to meet challenges and access opportunities that might arise from climate change. Current research and policy initiatives, designed to contribute to the resilience of the agriculture sector, will be introduced.
conservation agriculture
A holistic approach to crop production, which encompasses conservation tillage (CT), and also seeks to preserve biodiversity in terms of both flora and fauna. Activities such as Integrated Crop (ICM), Integrated Weed (IWM) and Integrated Pest (IPM) Management form part of Conservation Agriculture (CA)
Water use & distribution
The document discusses water use and distribution around the world. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, only a small percentage is easily accessible. It then outlines major uses of fresh water, with agriculture accounting for 70% globally. Specific water use statistics are provided for the United States, China, and other places. Challenges around water supply such as depletion of groundwater and the high costs of desalination are also summarized.
BIOREMIDIATION & RECYCLING OF WASTE MATERIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY
THE WHOLE PRESENTATION DESCRIBE WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF POLLUTION AND A CASE HOW CORAL REEF ARE AFFECTED BY IT .WHAT IS BIOREMEDIATION & PHYTOREMEDIATION.
Water pollution
The document discusses various types and causes of water pollution. The two main causes are industrialization and population growth. Water pollution can come from point sources like industrial outflows or non-point sources like agricultural runoff. Common pollutants include chemicals from factories or fertilizers, sewage, and thermal pollution from power plants. Water pollution is difficult to address and can seriously harm aquatic life and contaminate drinking water sources.
Conservation Agriculture in semi arid tropics
Conservation agriculture involves minimal soil disturbance through no-till or reduced tillage practices, maximum soil cover through crop residues, and crop rotations. When used together, these practices can reduce and sometimes reverse soil and water degradation over time. The goals of conservation agriculture include conserving and improving natural resources through integrated management of soil, water, and biological resources combined with external inputs in a way that contributes to environmental conservation and sustained agricultural production. Some key benefits include improved soil quality, water use efficiency, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Adoption can be difficult due to mindset changes and lack of suitable equipment, but obstacles can be overcome through farmer collaboration and support.
Conservation Agriculture: Fundamentals
Conservation agriculture aims to conserve, improve, and make more efficient use of natural resources through integrated soil, water, and biological management combined with minimal disturbance and external inputs. It is based on three principles: minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations. Adopting conservation agriculture can increase soil organic matter, improve soil quality, boost crop yields, reduce erosion, and decrease costs through lower fuel and labor needs. The approach is applicable worldwide in a variety of climates and for many crops.
EXCRETA, SEWAGE, REFUSE DISPOSAL
The document provides information on excreta, sewage, and refuse disposal. It discusses the nutrients contained in human feces and urine. It describes various methods for the disposal of human excreta including pit latrines, septic tanks, and composting toilets. It also covers the treatment and reuse of sewage and graywater. The document emphasizes the importance of properly disposing of human waste to prevent disease and pollution, while highlighting the potential for waste to be used as a resource.
Water, Conservation & Management
Water is the basic need of life on the earth. The useful freshwater resources are less. It is the time to save, conserve and manage the water resources for next generations.
Waste disposal
The document discusses various methods of solid and human waste disposal. It begins by defining different types of solid waste such as refuse, rubbish, and garbage. It then describes various sanitary and insanitary methods of solid waste disposal, including controlled tipping (sanitary landfill), composting, and incineration. For human waste disposal, it discusses sanitary options like pit latrines, pour flush latrines, and composting latrines as well as insanitary practices like open defecation. The document provides details on the design and operation of these different waste disposal systems.
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Conservation Agriculture, principles, land management and ecosystem services
Conservation Agriculture, principles, land management and ecosystem services
Global Sewage Treatment Plant Market: Trends, Opportunities and Forecasts (20...
Global Sewage Treatment Plant Market: Trends, Opportunities and Forecasts (20...
BIOREMIDIATION & RECYCLING OF WASTE MATERIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY
BIOREMIDIATION & RECYCLING OF WASTE MATERIAL AND ITS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY
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Climate Resilient Agriculture an Approach to Reduce the Ill-Effect of Climate...
Climate resilient agriculture (CRA) is a sustainable
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Agricultural systems are extremely vulnerable to climate change, given their sensitivity to variations in different threats like temperature, precipitation and incidence of natural events and disasters such as droughts and floods with this on an average the extreme weather patterns can impact farm incomes in the range of 15-18 %. Threats can be reduced by increasing the adaptive capacity of farmers as well as increasing resilience and resource use efficiency in agricultural production systems. CRA promotes synchronized actions by farmers, government, scientist, private sector, and policy-makers through three main action areas: (1) Building the capacity to identify the threats; (2) Curing the threats through adaptation and mitigation process (3) Sustain their adaptive mechanisms over a long time. The vulnerability of existing conditions of poverty, malnutrition and increasing populations puts intense pressure on finite natural resources, especially land, water and energy – all of which are integral to agricultural systems. In this context, it becomes imperative to adopt Climate-Resilient Agriculture (CRA) measures at cooperative scale to address the impending impact of climate change on agriculture.
Climate change awareness and coping strategies of cocoa farmers in rural ghana
This document summarizes a study that assessed cocoa farmers' awareness of and perceptions about climate change in Ghana. The following key points were made:
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2. Farmers perceived several causes of climate change including acts of God, deforestation, heavy machinery, urbanization, and human sinfulness. The most commonly perceived cause was that climate change signifies the end of times according to God's plan.
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This document summarizes a case study assessing the socio-economic benefits of user-tailored early warning systems for coffee and maize farmers in Cusco, Peru. It finds that the socio-economic benefits of enhanced climate services for the two crops over 10 years would be approximately $10 million for the Cusco region and over $100 million for Peru. The study uses a stated preference methodology involving surveys of over 60 smallholder farmers to estimate their willingness to pay for hypothetical early warning systems. The systems would provide alerts for coffee rust outbreaks and frost/heat waves to help farmers implement preventative measures and reduce crop losses from climate impacts. The results indicate climate services could significantly increase resilience and benefits for farmers, but awareness
Effectiveness of Adaptation Measures Taken by Farmers in the Field of Effects...
It is evident that climate change affects the well being of farmers and increases their vulnerability in the future if no action is taken into account by them. In fact, Various adaptation measures, such as crop diversification, changes in the dates of semi and crops, use of seed and fertilizer varieties, irrigation, use of tractors etc. are carried out by Farmers. However, these different measures have not yet had the same effect in reducing the negative effects of climate change on agriculture. Thus, this paper aims at evaluating empirically assess the effectiveness of these measures or strategies of adaptations on the performance of farms in Benin. Using the estimation technique of MCO, estimating the technical efficiency of farmers' production reveals that the use of improved seeds and fertilizers also reduces the negative impact of climate change In addition, land irrigation and the number of weeding remain influential factors for which we do not have the necessary statistics to assess their efficiencies
Climate change and agriculture
Climate change is occurring now and having significant impacts. Unusual weather patterns are being experienced worldwide. July 2017 was the warmest July on record, and drought recoveries are taking longer. In the Philippines, recent typhoons have been unusually heavy and destructive. Climate change reduces agricultural productivity and economic growth in the Philippines by an estimated PHP 145 billion per year through increased food prices, losses to industry and services, and reduced consumer welfare. Investments in climate-smart agriculture including irrigation, research, and early warning systems can help address these impacts and promote long-term food security and economic growth.
Negative Impact of Global Warming on Coffee Production
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This study analyzed farmers' perceptions of climate change in Kyuso District, Kenya. The study found that 94% of farmers surveyed perceived that the climate was changing. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing farmers' perceptions. The model found that characteristics like age, gender, education level, farming experience, household size, distance to markets, access to irrigation, local environment, access to climate information and extension services, off-farm income, and changes in temperature and precipitation had significant impacts on farmers' likelihood of perceiving climate change. The study concluded that since perception of climate change was high, policies should focus on helping farmers adapt to climate change impacts.
Agriculture and Climate Change
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2. Studies have shown that increases in temperature could reduce yields of crops like rice and wheat. Climate change may also lead to a change in suitable areas for growing certain crops. Rain-fed agriculture is expected to be more severely impacted than irrigated agriculture.
3. The impacts of climate change on agriculture could have wide-ranging implications for issues like food security, trade, livelihoods, and water conservation in India given the country's dependence on agriculture. Adaptation and mitigation strategies will
Climate resilient and environmentally sound agriculture - Module 3
Part I - Agriculture, food security and ecosystems: current and future challenges
Module 3:
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©FAO
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This document summarizes a study that analyzed the impact of climate change on wheat yield in three districts of Pakistan from 1999-2014 using remote sensing techniques. The study found wheat production fluctuated over this time period in all three districts. Some years had higher rainfall and temperatures led to lower yields, while other years with more optimal rainfall and temperatures produced higher yields. Overall, the data showed increasing rainfall trends but unstable wheat production in the districts. The study concluded that satellite remote sensing could help predict crop yields and manage food crises given changing climate conditions.
Climate Risk Management
This Climate risk management for agricultural water.This File references form two research paper:
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1) The document describes a project to improve integrated rice production and pest management in Uganda to help farmers adapt to climate change.
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3) Data from the first season of studies in 2011 is being analyzed, and the studies will be repeated in 2012 to identify rice varieties that are high yielding, resistant to diseases, and resilient to moisture stress to help Uganda achieve food security under changing climate conditions.
Climate change
Climate change is having significant impacts on agriculture. Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns are reducing crop yields in many parts of the world. In India, climate change is predicted to reduce wheat and rice production according to studies. Soybean production may initially increase with higher CO2 levels but then decrease with rising temperatures. Agriculture also contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions from fertilizer production, livestock, and land use changes. Adaptation techniques can help offset impacts, such as developing heat-resistant crops, changing planting dates, and improving water management. However, adapting agriculture will require substantial research, funding, and policy support.
Kulbhooshan saini International Science Congress-2014
This document discusses the impacts of climate change factors like temperature and rainfall on the production of sorghum and pearl millet crops in Alwar district, India. It analyzes crop production and climatic data from 2001-2010 and finds relationships between temperature, rainfall and crop productivity. Generally, higher temperatures reduced yields while higher rainfall enhanced production. The study aims to help assess climate change impacts and support adaptation strategies to sustain crop yields.
Significance of climate change on agriculture and food A series of Lectures B...
A series of Lectures By Mr. Allah Dad Khan former Director General Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
CSA Manual GIZ SLMP Ethiopia 2016
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三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版西澳大学毕业证学历证书如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《西澳大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
REPORT-PRESENTATION BY CHIEF SECRETARY, ANDAMAN NICOBAR ADMINISTRATION IN OA ...
Green Tribunal Andaman
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
学校原版(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(unuk学位证书)英国牛津布鲁克斯大学毕业证硕士文凭》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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Rion salman ayufitriya
- 1. Rion S. Salman 1 Ayufitriya 2 BMKG (Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics) 1 University of Pattimura, Pattimura Meteorological St., Ambon, Mollucas Email: ioniuq@gmail.com 2 Susilo Meteorological Station, Sintang, West Borneo Email: rindyu@gmail.com 3RD International Conference on Climate Change & Social Issues 30 July-1 August 2014 at Colombo, Sri Lanka CCSI-2014 ICRD
- 2. OUTLINE I. II. III.
- 3. I. INTRODUCTION Indonesia is known as an agraris country which mostly it’s resident utilizes the farm produce as their livelihood. Therefore agriculture is considered to be a very significant sector. In addition to maintaining food sustainability, agricultural field also has important role as determinant of economics wheel within the country. Regardless of that, linkages between agriculture and climate is very closely related.
- 4. Indonesia and Agriculture Agriculture is an important sector Economic stability
- 5. Climate change is believed to be one of scientific and social issues which terrorizing the world nowadays, no exception in Indonesia. Climate change refers to a rise in the average temperature of Earth, where alterations of the weather require statistical data in a period of time used to identify those changes.
- 6. Global Warming With the development of today's world, GHG (Greenhouse gases) emission that accumulating continuously will certainly make the Earth’s temperature rises from its normal value furthermore will cause global warming. According to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) during the last 100 years, the global mean surface temperature raise about 0.74°C. If GHG concentration dominates in the atmosphere, CO2 (Carbon dioxide) has doubled from pre-industrial times, this will spur the average warming up to 3°C.
- 7. In agricultural sector, examples of climate change impacts are charred leaves on vegetables and addition of pests disease attack caused by temperature increase. This condition can lead to changes in cropping patterns which resulted in failed harvests, and other negative effects that interfere with the availability of food. It has to be faced with doing adaptation as well as early mitigation. This step is necessary to reduce the risk so as to improve food security. BMKG has a role and function as data observing, processing, also analyzing weather and climate-related parameters, as well as providing climate information products to public. It is expected to be used for people especially farmers as well as related competent authorities to support the adaptation and mitigation of climate change.
- 8. Climate Change Impact in Agricultural Sector Drought Flooding Reduce Farm Productivity
- 9. II. MATERIALS & METHODS Making of climate information products are obtained from weather and climate data processing at each station of BMKG that spread throughout Indonesia, including air quality data which observed at GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch), West Sumatra. Databases which analyzed can be used to study climate change that happened by studying the trend. Trends of increasing in temperature, humidity, and precipitation, including precursors of climate change process.
- 10. Climate Information Products Ministry of Agriculture e.g. Cropping Calendar Useful Results for Agriculture
- 11. Weather & Climate Data/Parameters • Weather parameters processing Climate products (BMKG) Dissemination • Rainfall forecast • Soil water availability • Starting time of dry season forecast Mass Media • TV • Newspaper • Website • Radio • Bulletins of BMKG Ministry of agriculture Cropping Calendar Flow Public User
- 12. CLIMATE INFORMATION PRODUCTS from BMKG RAINFALL PROPERTIES FORECAST SOIL WATER AVAILABILITY
- 13. CLIMATE INFORMATION PRODUCTS from BMKG RAINFALL MONTHLY FORECAST STARTING TIME OF DRY SEASON FORECAST
- 14. III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Climate information products play an important role and are needed in the field of agriculture. Among other benefits, it is useful to determine the varieties of crops that will be cultivated, preparations in anticipation of pests attack, as well as the time of planting and harvesting. Moreover, it is necessary for climate information to be disseminated perceptibly and orderly so it can be accessed by users of both the community and farmers. In overcome upcoming climate uncertainties, adaptation and mitigation is a step that we need to do as a joint action for global food safety and security. Cooperation and international solidarity to support adaptation initiatives and to strengthen our contribution to climate change mitigation is important. Activities handling requires dedication, consistency, and support from each side.
- 15. OR YOUR FUTURE IN YOUR HAND…