International Conference on Peri-Urban Landscapes: Water, Food and Environmental Security, Sydney, Australia, July 8-10, 2014. Priyanie Amerasinghe Presentation

1. Cover slide option 1 TitleHOUSEHOLD SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPACT
ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN PERI-URBAN FAISALABAD,
PAKISTAN
Peiruban 14,
Priyanie Amerasinghe, IWMI, India
Waqas Ahmed, IWMI, Pakistan
Robert Simmons, Cranfield University, UK
Periurban 14, UWS, Australia
8-10 July 2014

2. Content
Objectives
Site characteristics
Methods
Results and Discussion
Objective: To study the influence of sanitation
infrastructure on the quality of water in drinking water
bore wells in two peri-urban villages namely, Kehala and
Chakera, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3. • Villages are next to the city of Faisalabad an industrial city
• Mixed livelihoods. Agriculture is common
• Chakera – Has a Wastewater Stabilization Pond and depends on WW
for agriculture
• Kehaala - depends on ground water

5. Hand Pump Latrine systemThe water samples
were tested for
selected water quality
parameters, such as
pH, EC and TDS,
ammonia, bicarbonate,
chloride, fluoride,
nitrate, nitrite, sulphate,
hardness and faecal
coliforms/E.coli.

6. National Program for Family Planning and Primary health care:
Lady Health Workers

7. HH HH %
Class of disposal
category/no unit
Kehala Chakera Kehala Chakera
PFS > 9 m 13 15 4 5
PFS 6 - 9 m 47 22 15 7
PFS 3 - 6 m 147 91 47 30
PFS < 3 m 74 72 23 24
PFD 8 39 3 13
PFN 5 0 2 0
Total No 294 239 93 79
OD 22 64 7 21
Total No 316 303 100 100
PFS-Flush system/pit; PFD - Flush system/drain; PFN - Flush system/network;
OD - open defecation
Status of on-site sanitation systems

8. Distance between latrines and bore wells
Kehala Chakera
N=316 N=303
Average distance = 4.8±4.3 m (Kehala) and 4.0 ±3.3 m (Chakera)

10. Distribution of E. coli in domestic water

11. • pH = desirable range of 6.5 – 8.0. (WHO)
• Hardness = not significantly different <500
mg/L
• TDS = Chakera - 1000 mg/L (1746.86 -
2322.66 mg/t (mean ± 0.37). (p= 0.0005)
• Nitrate = 43 mg/L, (p=0.005),
Water Quality – Physico-chemical

12. Distribution of Parasites (concentration method)
0
5
10
15
20
AL EC EH EV GL HN HW TS TT
Parasite Species
%Infection
Chakera WW
Kehala CW
AL– A. lumbricoides
EC– E. coli
EH– E. histolytica
EV– E. verrmicularis
GL- G. lamblia
HN- H. nana
HW- Hook worm
TS- T. saginata
TT- T. trichura

13. Conclusions
• Primary drinking water source was ground
water
• A strong association between the ground water
quality (microbial contamination) and the
distance to the on-site sanitation disposal unit.
• Bore wells placed too close to the hand pumps
used for domestic purposes
• General sanitation standards were poor
• Awareness on sanitation and drinking water is
essential to reduce ground water contamination
• WSA should enforce the standards for water
and sanitation infrastructure.

14. Thank you
p.amerasinghe@cigar.org