2. LIST OF CONTENTS
What is rfid ?
History
Why use rfid?
Key components
Types of rfid tags
Types of rfid readers
Chips available in rfid tags
Frequency bands
How does rfid works?
Barcode vs.rfid
5. HISTORY
Invented and used from early 1940’s
Commercial Operation begun from 1960’s
In 1970s developers, inventors, companies,
academic institution and government sectors had
actively worked on RFID. .
6. Use RFID if you want to wirelessly identify something
without line of sight.
Use RFID if you want a simple wireless means to store
a small amount of information on things, and even better:
change the information dynamically.
WHY USE RFID?
7. CONTINUED….
Use RFID if you want a computing device but not
humans to see the ID.
Use UHF RFID if you want a computing device to see
an object from far away.
Use UHF RFID if you want to enable the "Internet of
Things".
11. READER
A compact and light
weight hand held device.
Comfortable to use.
High storage capacity.
Multi Functional (such
as sorting, searching,
and reading).
15. PASSIVE RFID TAGS
Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip.
Tag can be programmed at manufacture.
Tag is powered by the high power
electromagnetic field.
Collision Detection.
16. ACTIVE RFID TAGS
Battery Powered tags.
Can integrate sensing technology.
Multiple tags.
Used for higher value items.
Cost between $20 and $40 per
item.
Life between 2 – 4 years.
17. TABULAR REPRESENTATON
Active or passive Other Classifications
Passive (no battery)
Smaller, Lighter
Shorter range (<3m)
Smaller data storage
Lower cost
Data storage
(Programming) Read
Only
Write once
Read/write
Active (with battery)
Larger, Heavier
Longer range (up to
100m)
Larger data storage
Higher cost
Frequencies Low—
135 kHz
VHF—13.5 MHz
UHF—860MHz
Microwave—2.4 GHz
21. RFID Barcode
Forging is difficult Forging is easy
Scanner not required. No need
to bring the tag near the reader
Scanner needs to see the bar
code to read it
RFID is comparatively fast
Can read multiple tags Can read only one tag at a time
Relatively expensive as
compared to Bar Codes
(Reader 1000$, Tag 20 cents a
piece)
Can be reusable within factory
premises
Cannot be reused
22. ELECTRONIC PRODUCT CODE
A unique code that facilitating the identification
process.
E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits)
Header
EPC Manager
Object Class
Serial Number
23. BENEFITS OF EPC-RFID
Better visibility.
Reduced supply chain shrink .
Reduced inventory.
Labour saving .
Fewer out of stocks.
Product integrity.
24. SUPPLY CHAIN CHALLENGE
Manufacturer Distributor Drug Store
Supplier Ingredient
provider
Distribution
center
Healthcare
facility
CustomerSupplier
25. ISSUES / CONCERNS
Cost of rfid technology.
Active rfid life-2 to 4 years.
Extreme weather.
Global standardization.
Rfid system are vulnerable to virus.
26. MOBILE RFID
Services that provide information on objects
equipped with an RFID tag over a telecommunication
network.
Absence of wires and the ability of a small number
of mobile readers can cover a large area.
Supports supply chain management.
ISO/IEC 29143 "Information technology ”-
Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technique.
27. An electronic device which can permanently
deactivate passive RFID chips.
Presented on the Chaos Communication Congress
2005.
The existing RFID Zapper prototypes were built using
disposable cameras with flash.
Used for self defense purposes.
RFID ZAPPER
35. ADVANTAGES
No line of sight requirement.
The tag can stand a harsh environment.
Portable database.
Multiple tag read/write.
Tracking people, items, and equipment in
realtime.
Long read range.
36. DISADVANTAGES
Does not penetrate or transmit around metals
(iron,steel).
RFID system can be easily disrupted.
Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or
more readers overlap. The tag is unable to respond to
simultaneous queries.
The contents of an RFID tag can be read after the item
leaves the supply chain.
37. INITIATORS
Patni Computer Systems Lab – Implemented
Animal Tracking System
Wipro Technologies - Member of the Electronic
Product Code (EPC)
- Setting up a lab to study RFID
- Working on pilot projects
38. CONTINUED….
Infosys Technologies – RFID consulting on logistics
player in the RFID space.
TCS have tied up with Hyderabad university to
produce RFID tagged mark sheets & degrees to deter
use of fake degree.
Intellicon - pilot project for BEL Bangalore, tags
installed on employee buses. Buses inside the BEL
campus were tracked with the aim of gauging
employee punctuality.
40. Y. Amin , "Design of Novel Paper-based Inkjet for
RFID Applications," Sensors & Transducers, Apr 2010
S. Greengard, "Tracking garbage," Communications of
the ACM, 19-20, March 2010
M. Ruta, "A Ubiquitous Knowledge-based System to
RFID," Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for
Information Systems 3, 2010.
J. Shangguan, Y. Lv, "Research on the Security
Monitoring of the Amusement Ride of Tourist Sites
Based on RFID," Wireless Sensor Network, Jan 2010.
41. RFID technology uses waves to automatically
identify individual items.
RFID used in libraries can save patrons' time and
increase library work efficiency.
FIRST RFID BASED LIBRARY-Ontario Public
Library.
CONCLUSION
42. CONTINUED….
There are some hurdles needed to overcome
before RFID technology becomes widespread in
the world.
In the long run, the RFID technology, when
perfected, would eventually be a big help to
human.
43. FUTURE
Some vendors have been combining RFID tags with
sensors of different kinds.
This would allow the tag to report not simply the
same information over and over, but identifying
information along with current data picked up by the
sensor.
