A narrative review on how regular physical exercise could affect diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Regular physical exercise has an effective influence on the control and improvement of peripheral neuropathy.
Barriers and facilitators for regular physical exercise among adult females n...Dr. Anees Alyafei
What stimulates and prevents females from regular physical exercise. Updated Comprehensive narrative review.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341220204_Citation_AlYafei_A_Albaker_W_2020_Barriers_and_Facilitators_for_Regular_Physical_Exercise_among_Adult_Females_Narrative_Review_2020
Beginning in 2014 and continuing through 2017, Native American Health Center’s SBHCs incorporated social determinants of health questions into screening tools used with students. This presentation will provide an update on implementing these screening questions, specifically the challenges and strategies to responding effectively when students identify a need. The importance of leveraging internal resources, partnering with community agencies and building connections with school staff will be addressed in relation to specific identified needs. Models of clinic staff role expansion and internal capacity building, along with other challenges and adaptations will be shared as tools for helping participants plan for and engage in incorporating screening and evaluations of these important health indicators into their practices.
The Health System as a Determinant of HealthRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 12, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Introduction and definition of healthcare
Concepts and values in healthcare
Efficiency-driven approaches
Problems and proposed solutions
Healthcare and population health
Investing in Health
Equity-driven approaches
Primary health care
Conclusion
Social Determinants of Health in ActionHealthy City
Social determinants of health: Exploring how to put health research into action using data and mapping
This webinar will explore various ways to put health research into action by using data and mapping tools. We’ll use the Social Determinants of Health as a frame to present examples of ways to map services in your selected geography, how to map demographic and health data such as poverty and education; and how to work with different features on HealthyCity.org to support your work.
Barriers and facilitators for regular physical exercise among adult females n...Dr. Anees Alyafei
What stimulates and prevents females from regular physical exercise. Updated Comprehensive narrative review.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341220204_Citation_AlYafei_A_Albaker_W_2020_Barriers_and_Facilitators_for_Regular_Physical_Exercise_among_Adult_Females_Narrative_Review_2020
Beginning in 2014 and continuing through 2017, Native American Health Center’s SBHCs incorporated social determinants of health questions into screening tools used with students. This presentation will provide an update on implementing these screening questions, specifically the challenges and strategies to responding effectively when students identify a need. The importance of leveraging internal resources, partnering with community agencies and building connections with school staff will be addressed in relation to specific identified needs. Models of clinic staff role expansion and internal capacity building, along with other challenges and adaptations will be shared as tools for helping participants plan for and engage in incorporating screening and evaluations of these important health indicators into their practices.
The Health System as a Determinant of HealthRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 12, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
A presentation by Karen Nelson, MBA, MSW, RSW, of the Ottawa Hospital, made to social workers at their 2013 Annual Meeting. A very thorough overview with significant research supporting the link between Social Determinants of Health and healthcare outcomes.
Introduction and definition of healthcare
Concepts and values in healthcare
Efficiency-driven approaches
Problems and proposed solutions
Healthcare and population health
Investing in Health
Equity-driven approaches
Primary health care
Conclusion
Social Determinants of Health in ActionHealthy City
Social determinants of health: Exploring how to put health research into action using data and mapping
This webinar will explore various ways to put health research into action by using data and mapping tools. We’ll use the Social Determinants of Health as a frame to present examples of ways to map services in your selected geography, how to map demographic and health data such as poverty and education; and how to work with different features on HealthyCity.org to support your work.
Social Determinants and Global Health
Julius Global Health, Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
For more information: www.globalhealth.eu
The Social Determinants of Health and Farmworkerszamaka7
Presentation at the National Rural Health Association: Rural Multiracial & Multicultural Heath Conference (2012). Discusses the social context of farmworker experiences and the impacts on farmworker health. Concludes with summary of Farmworker Justice's approach to addressing health inequalities experienced by farmworker communities.
This presentation offers critical insight on the social determinants of health and public policy.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Social Determinants of Health InequitiesRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
(HEPE) Introduction To Social Determinants Of Health (Hepe) 1antz505
Many youth leaders are compelled to do work with community based non-profit and local public health agencies as both a service learning and philanthropic component in their development as young professionals. However, despite invaluable experiential learning, students often don\'t comprehend key overarching issues such as health disparities, social determinants of health, health policy and community organizing. To address this gap and optimize their community based work, the Health Disparities Student Collaborative (HDSC), a Boston-based student group under Critical MASS for eliminating health disparities and the Center for Community Health Education Research and Service Inc. (CCHERS), developed a curriculum for students designed to broaden their perspectives while working with local public health, non-profit/community organizations and to develop their interest and ability to visualize the power of their collective voice as students and contributors to social justice work. The curriculum utilizes peer education and webinar software and covers three main topics: Current State of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Youth Activism on Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health. HDSC has collaborated with local partners CCHERS/Critical MASS and the Community Based Public Health Caucus (CBPHC) Youth Council to develop this comprehensive “Health Equality Peer Education” training.
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
Running head CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 1 .docxtodd271
Running head: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
1
Chronic Kidney Disease: Problems, Perceptions, and Strategies for Intervention
David Brown
Walden University
HLTH 4900, Section 2, Capstone
November 16, 2013
Instructor: Dr. Jody Early
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: PROBLEMS, PERCEPTIONS, AND STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION 2
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is considered one of the most significant health issues affecting
morbidity and mortality and contributes heavily to the state of global health. Chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are chronic illnesses that have a dramatic
impact on the cost of health care delivery in the United States. Early detection and intervention
are critical to the long-term prognosis of this patient population; however, a health disparity
exists because not everyone who is at risk for CKD has access to resources for screening and
treatment. One of the goals of community-level and national programs is to create parity of care
by focusing attention on marginalized communities that are at a statistically higher risk for CKD.
The global impact of CKD and ESRD is significant because long-term survival depends on
expensive technology and many regions of the world lack the resources needed to treat this
disease. Health behavior and culture are known contributors to the long-term survivability of the
disease. Since early detection is the key, creating screening programs that target populations at
greatest risk will have the highest impact, and be the most cost-effective solution to combating
this chronic illness.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: PROBLEMS, PERCEPTIONS, AND STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION 3
Chronic Kidney Disease: Problems, Perceptions, and Strategies for Intervention
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered one of the primary global health issues and
contributes significantly to the social burden of care. CKD, along with cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer, is a chronic illness that is classified as a non-
communicable disease (Healthy People 2020, 2013). Non-communicable diseases have a
significant societal impact to domestic growth, productivity, and health care costs and are the
most common cause of morbidity and premature death in the United States (Couser, Remuzzi,
Mendis, & Tonelli, 2011). Chronic illnesses are also characterized by physical and emotional
stressors that can become overwhelming when simultaneously coping with multiple
comorbidities (Moulton, 2008). Although the World Health Assembly has determined that non-
communicable diseases contribute heavily to the state of global health, they concede that public
health policy can dramatically affect patient morbidity and mortality (Couser et al., 2011). CKD
is a public health threat that is on the rise and will likely not slow without deliberate intervention.
This literature review will describe the impact that chronic kid.
Social Determinants and Global Health
Julius Global Health, Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
For more information: www.globalhealth.eu
The Social Determinants of Health and Farmworkerszamaka7
Presentation at the National Rural Health Association: Rural Multiracial & Multicultural Heath Conference (2012). Discusses the social context of farmworker experiences and the impacts on farmworker health. Concludes with summary of Farmworker Justice's approach to addressing health inequalities experienced by farmworker communities.
This presentation offers critical insight on the social determinants of health and public policy.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
Social Determinants of Health InequitiesRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
(HEPE) Introduction To Social Determinants Of Health (Hepe) 1antz505
Many youth leaders are compelled to do work with community based non-profit and local public health agencies as both a service learning and philanthropic component in their development as young professionals. However, despite invaluable experiential learning, students often don\'t comprehend key overarching issues such as health disparities, social determinants of health, health policy and community organizing. To address this gap and optimize their community based work, the Health Disparities Student Collaborative (HDSC), a Boston-based student group under Critical MASS for eliminating health disparities and the Center for Community Health Education Research and Service Inc. (CCHERS), developed a curriculum for students designed to broaden their perspectives while working with local public health, non-profit/community organizations and to develop their interest and ability to visualize the power of their collective voice as students and contributors to social justice work. The curriculum utilizes peer education and webinar software and covers three main topics: Current State of Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, and Youth Activism on Health Disparities/Social Determinants of Health. HDSC has collaborated with local partners CCHERS/Critical MASS and the Community Based Public Health Caucus (CBPHC) Youth Council to develop this comprehensive “Health Equality Peer Education” training.
Health is a multifactorial
The factors which determine the health of an individual are many, some are inside the body ( genetic/ intrinsic) and some are outside the body ( environmental factors)
The interaction of these factors may either promote or deteriorate the health.
The important determinants of health are,
Prof. DR. Dr. Rochmad Romdoni, SpJP(K), FINASIM, FIHA, FAsCC. 3rd Pekanbaru Cardiology Update, August 24th 2013. Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Learn more at PerkiPekanbaru.com
Running head CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 1 .docxtodd271
Running head: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
1
Chronic Kidney Disease: Problems, Perceptions, and Strategies for Intervention
David Brown
Walden University
HLTH 4900, Section 2, Capstone
November 16, 2013
Instructor: Dr. Jody Early
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: PROBLEMS, PERCEPTIONS, AND STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION 2
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is considered one of the most significant health issues affecting
morbidity and mortality and contributes heavily to the state of global health. Chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are chronic illnesses that have a dramatic
impact on the cost of health care delivery in the United States. Early detection and intervention
are critical to the long-term prognosis of this patient population; however, a health disparity
exists because not everyone who is at risk for CKD has access to resources for screening and
treatment. One of the goals of community-level and national programs is to create parity of care
by focusing attention on marginalized communities that are at a statistically higher risk for CKD.
The global impact of CKD and ESRD is significant because long-term survival depends on
expensive technology and many regions of the world lack the resources needed to treat this
disease. Health behavior and culture are known contributors to the long-term survivability of the
disease. Since early detection is the key, creating screening programs that target populations at
greatest risk will have the highest impact, and be the most cost-effective solution to combating
this chronic illness.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: PROBLEMS, PERCEPTIONS, AND STRATEGIES FOR INTERVENTION 3
Chronic Kidney Disease: Problems, Perceptions, and Strategies for Intervention
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered one of the primary global health issues and
contributes significantly to the social burden of care. CKD, along with cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer, is a chronic illness that is classified as a non-
communicable disease (Healthy People 2020, 2013). Non-communicable diseases have a
significant societal impact to domestic growth, productivity, and health care costs and are the
most common cause of morbidity and premature death in the United States (Couser, Remuzzi,
Mendis, & Tonelli, 2011). Chronic illnesses are also characterized by physical and emotional
stressors that can become overwhelming when simultaneously coping with multiple
comorbidities (Moulton, 2008). Although the World Health Assembly has determined that non-
communicable diseases contribute heavily to the state of global health, they concede that public
health policy can dramatically affect patient morbidity and mortality (Couser et al., 2011). CKD
is a public health threat that is on the rise and will likely not slow without deliberate intervention.
This literature review will describe the impact that chronic kid.
The relative increase in the incidence of diabetic complications in Nigeria and Increase in the number of diabetic foot ulcer cases leading to increase in amputation of lower extremities. Depression and cognition problems are rarely assessed in patients with diabetic foot ulcer .
Diabetes is major healthcare concern worldwide with horrific repercussions. The disease can easily be prevented with just some awareness and efforts of people. Many suffer from this horrendous condition because of lack of knowledge about the disease. To end this, creating awareness of the disease and its effects on millions of people in the world is critically important. In this article, we will outline the importance of these efforts, discuss the barriers in way of awareness and education, and highlight some important models in this arena. As an integral part of a diabetes prevention and control program strong awareness-raising and health promotion strategies are needed.
Diabetes-related Clinical Complications: Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and M...asclepiuspdfs
Metabolic diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In the past four decades, childhood and adolescent obesity has increased four-fold worldwide. During the same period, obesity in adults has doubled and diabetes has increased by four-fold. In China, India, and the USA, the number of prediabetes is more than diabetics. This population is at considerable risk for developing diabetes, its clinical complications, and acute vascular events. The management of modifiable risks for cardiometabolic risks has improved considerably. Several major studies have demonstrated, that robust management of modifiable risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), significantly reduces premature mortality from CVDs. Considering the progress made in the risk assessment, risk management, we feel strongly, that not much progress is made in the areas of primary prevention and early risk assessment, for clinical complications associated with metabolic diseases, in particular, diabetes. The majority of the clinical complications associated with diabetes are due to dysfunction of the vascular system or nervous system. Complications include vasculopathy leading to subclinical atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and stroke.
Segmentation and Classification for Hyperspectral Imaging of Foot Inspection ...ijtsrd
Diabetes Mellitus DM and Diabetic Neuropathy DN are the most common diseases in the worldwide, according to the World Health Organization WHO . A high index of death is also correlated with it. Diabetic neuropathy is a significant worldwide cause of neuropathy which can lead to amputations and disabilities. Diabetic neuropathy can have multiple clinical manifestations, the most common presentation being distal symmetric polyneuropathy and the key mechanism for diabetic foot development. One of the major problems is diabetic foot, which includes the creation of plantar foot hyper spectral which may result in amputation. Several studies report that hyperspectral is helpful in identifying differences in plantar temperature, which may lead to a higher risk of ulceration. However, in diabetic patients, the distribution of plantar temperature does not follow a standard sequence, thereby making it impossible to quantify the changes. There is also an importance in enhancing the performance of the methods of analysis and classification that help to diagnose abnormal variations in the temperature of the plantar. All this refers to the use of computer aided programmes that work with extremely structured data structures, such as those involved in artificial intelligence AI . This study combines approaches based on machine learning with Deep Learning DL structures. Furthermore, we developed a new DL structure, which is qualified and is able to achieve higher significance in terms of precision and other quality metrics. The key purpose of this study is to examine the use of AI and DL for the classification of hyperspectral images of the diabetic foot, demonstrating its advantages and disadvantages. To the best of our understanding, this is the first suggestion for the definition of diabetic foot hyperspectral implemented by DL networks. The studies are carried out in DM and control groups through hyperspectral images. Afterwards, based on a pre reported hyperspectral shift index, a multi level classification is done. The high precision attained illustrates the utility of AI and DL as auxiliary instruments to help in medical diagnosis. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic and updated analysis of diabetic neuropathy, concentrating on its classification, diagnostic research and treatment. Dr. C. Yesubai Rubhavathi | Diofrin. J | Eben Paul Richard. S | Arunachalam. R | Vishnu Durga. S "Segmentation and Classification for Hyperspectral Imaging of Foot Inspection in Vascular and Neuro Images" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52793.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/52793/segmentation-and-classification-for-hyperspectral-imaging-of-foot-inspection-in-vascular-and-neuro-images/dr-c-yesubai-rubhavathi
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem
worldwide. The worldwide prevalence of CKD has increased in
various countries such as the U.S. (13.1%), Taiwan (9.8-11.9%),
Norway (10.2%), Japan (12.9-15.1%) China (3.2-11.3%), Korea (7.2- 13.7%), Thailand (8.45-16.3%), Singapore (3.2-18.6%), and Australia(11.2%)
What are the cardiovascular disorders?
Public Health importance
Burden of disease
Risk factors of cardiovascular disorders
Causation
Prevention strategies
Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs
India - National programme (NPCDCS)
Diabetes is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in different continents of the world. Many diabetes victims are found in developing countries like Sub-Saharan Africa. However, some developed nations like United States and Europe record significant records on diabetes prevalence. Studies project a dramatic increase of the infection spread in the world. Also, it provides visible results on the effects of the infection among the victims and the society at large. Studies of type 2 diabetes prevalence indicate minimal rates in rural population and moderate results in the developed regions of the same country. Such results create an alarm to the unaffected regions. The frequent observation of modestly high prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in areas with low prevalence of diabetes indicate risk of early stage of diabetes epidemics.
The influence of regular physical exercise on the advanced glycation end prod...Dr. Anees Alyafei
What are the advanced glycated end products, underline metabolism, and health-related effects? How could physical exercise affect them?
review on the different mechanisms involved in how the exercise reduces the advanced glycated end products.
Continuity of care at the primary health care level narrative reviewDr. Anees Alyafei
A narrative review on continuity of care at the level of primary health care, definition, types, how it could be measured, and the expected effects on the patients, health care providers, and health institutes.
Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk among qatari patients with type 2 p...Dr. Anees Alyafei
Original Research Paper on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk on Qatari Diabetics. The behavior of two risk prediction tools categorized patients differently.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340895704_Assessment_of_Cardiovascular_Disease_Risk_among_Qatari_Patients_with_Type_2_Diabetes_Mellitus_Attending_Primary_Health_Care_Centers_2014
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.