Writing the rrl

JEFFREY A. LUCERO
A.H.Sc.Ed., B.Sc.N., R.N.
Theory, Review of Related
Literature, and Conceptual
Framework

Theory
Tuesday,
January 3,
2017
©Jalucero, AHScEd, BScN, RN
2

Theory
Knowledge of science or art derived
from such study and speculation
(Webster, 2000)
A hypothesis that has been tested for
numerous times (Venzon, 2004)
An integrated set of defined
concepts and statements that
present a view of a phenomenon
and can be used to describe,
explain, predict, and control that
phenomenon (Burns & Grove, 2007)
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January 3,
2017
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Theories are abstract rather
than concrete.
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January 3,
2017
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Functions of Theories in Research
It identifies parameters for the
study
It guides data collection
It provides perspective in he
interpretation of data to enable
the researcher to structure facts
into an orderly system
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January 3,
2017
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Review of Related Literature
Part of research where the
researcher gathers, compiles, and
synthesizes information from
various sources.
This gathered information then
serves as the theoretical
foundation towards solving the
research problem
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January 3,
2017
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(cont’d.)
It answers the question: What has
been done relative to the problem
at hand?
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January 3,
2017
7

Related Literature
vs.
Related Studies
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January 3,
2017
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Related Literature
Any material, information, or article
fund in books, magazines,
periodicals, encyclopedias, journals,
newspapers, and other publications
These are related to the existing
problem and they may be classified
as either local which are printed in
the country, or foreign, if printed
abroad.
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January 3,
2017
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Speeches
Letters
Diaries
Bulletin
Circulars
Reports
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January 3,
2017
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Provided that
it meets the
required
expression for
it to be called
as literature

Related Studies
Studies, inquiries, or investigations
that are already conducted to
which the present proposed study
is related or has some bearing or
similarity.
Investigations that are usually
unpublished materials
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January 3,
2017
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Importance of Related
Literature and Studies
They help or guide the researcher in
searching for or selecting a better
research problem or topic.
They help the investigator
understand his topic or research
better.
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January 3,
2017
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(cont’d.)
They ensure that there will be no
duplication of other studies.
They help and guide the researcher
in locating more sources of related
information.
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January 3,
2017
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(cont’d.)
in making his research design
in making comparison between his
findings with the findings of other
researchers on similar studies.
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January 3,
2017
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Sources of Review Materials
 Experimentation
 First-hand Investigation
 Doctoral dissertation and
Monographs in Professional
Journals
 Annual Reports of Research
Institutions, Government Offices,
and Agencies
 Textbooks
 Encyclopedia
 Magazines and Newspapers
 Internet Articles
Tuesday,
January 3,
2017
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Criteria on Evaluating
Materials for RRL
Accuracy and Dependability
Up-to-Dateness
Suitability for Specific Purpose
Authority
Scope
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January 3,
2017
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Criteria on Evaluating
Materials for RRL (cont’d.)
Treatment and Style
Arrangement
Illustrations, Tables, and
Diagrams
The Author
The Publisher
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January 3,
2017
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Where to Locate Sources
Libraries
Government and Private
Offices
Network sites
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January 3,
2017
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Organizing the Review
of Related Literature
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January 3,
2017
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 Make an outline of the topics to be
presented.
 Classify the reviews into topics.
 Compare and contrast the findings where
necessary.
 If there is no work on the subject matter, a
reasonable review can still be made by
citing related works.
 Padded reviews are undesirable.
Tuesday,
January 3,
2017
20 Organizing the RRL

Organizing the RRL
 Cite results and not tabulated data.
 Do not cite the opinion of the author
unless it is unessential argument.
 State the research findings on your own
words to suit the purpose of the paper.
 If the information was obtained from a
secondary source, check the citation
from the original publication.
 Citing word for word requires enclosing
them in a quotation mark.
Tuesday,
January 3,
2017
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Common Errors in Writing the
We tend to rely on secondary
sources.
We tend to look only at the
findings of different researches.
Overlooking resources on less
developed countries.
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January 3,
2017
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Conceptual Framework
 A scheme formulated out of the review
of related literature
 Clarifies the relationship between and
among the major variables of the study
 The researcher’s own position on the
problem
 An explanation of the problem to be
studied after the researcher’s review of
various literatures and studies.
 Illustrated in a conceptual paradigm
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January 3,
2017
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Paradigm
A schematic diagram which
depicts the relationship of
variables.
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January 3,
2017
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 Use circles
and arrows to
show cause
and effect
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January 3,
2017
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 Use boxes
and straight
lines to show
a relationship

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January 3,
2017
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Input Process Output

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January 3,
2017
27
Demographic
Profile
Academic
Performance
in English
Intelligence
Quotient

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January 3,
2017
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Student’s
Knowledge
before the
Lesson
Different
techniques in
Teaching
English
Student’s Level
of
Comprehension

End of the Presentation
Tuesday,
January 3,
2017
29

Writing the rrl

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