Downloaded 930 times
Uploaded byPrithvi Ghag
Retail site locations
This document discusses factors retailers consider when selecting store locations and evaluating trade areas. Key factors include economic conditions, competition, fit with the target market, and operating costs of the area. When evaluating a specific site, retailers examine characteristics like traffic flow, location, and costs. They also analyze the trade area to understand customer demographics, size of the primary trading zone, and sales potential. Common tools used include census data, GIS mapping, and models like Huff's gravity model or regression analysis.
More Related Content
Retail site locations
- 1.
- 2. Objectives • Factors whichretailers consider in selecting a general area for locating stores • Determining the number of stores to operate in an area • Different approaches to evaluate a specific site
- 3. Factors which affectthe demand for region/trade area • Best locations- generate highest profit for a retailer • Factors which affect the long term profit generated by stores that should be considered: - Economic conditions - Competition - Strategic fit of the areas population with retailers target market - Cost of operating stores
- 4. Economic conditions • Locations:involve commitment over a long term, imp to examine areas level of growth and population and employment • Fully employed population – high purchasing power and high level of retail sales • How long the growth trend will continue
- 5. Competition • Competition inan area- affects demand for merchandise • Eg Walmart- early success: areas which were understored.
- 6. Strategic fit • Areaconsumers- should fit in the retailers target market • area – right demographic and lifestyle profile
- 7. Operating costs • Variesaccording to areas. Store rentals and advt costs can be lower in certain areas • Store near to the distributor- cost of transportation is lower • Legal restrictions
- 8. Number of storesin an area • Need to consider tradeoffs between lower operating costs and potential sales cannibalization from having multiple stores in an area • Economies of scale: Promotion and distribution of economies can be achieved, advt costs for one store and 20 stores same (for newspapers),can increase sales/store and reduce costs, maintains loyal customer base, has regional orientation • Cannibalization: Diminishing returns by locating additional stores in the same area, should open only if marginal revenues are more than marginal costs. Needs to take into account the new store sale impact on existing store sale. Eg Walmart: deliberate cannibalization. Plans opening when sales reach 100 million USD or more. Builds competitive advantage because shopping experience is enhanced- 2 stores- less congestion creates entry barrier for competitors
- 9. EVALUATING A SITEFOR LOCATING A RETAIL STORE
- 10. Three factors toconsider • Characteristics of the site • Characteristics of the trading area for a store at the site • The costs associated with locating at the site
- 11. Site Characteristics Traffic flowand accessibility • vehicular traffic • Ease of vehicular access • access to major highways • street congestion • pedestrian traffic • availability of transport Location characteristics • parking spaces • access to store entrance and exit • visibility of store from street • access for deliveries • size and shape of stores • condition of building • adjacent retailers Costs • Rental fee • common area maintenance costs • local taxes • advt and promotion fees • length of lease
- 12. Traffic flow andaccessibility • High traffic- more customers likely to stop and shop • Traffic counts important for retailers offering merchandise bought on impulse • Accessibility is important as traffic flow. Greater for sites located near major highways, on uncongested highways and with traffic lights and turns which enable to turn into the site • Natural barriers and artificial barriers also affect • pedestrian traffic, access by public transportation – imp min countries where consumers don’t drive to shopping centers
- 13. Location characteristics • Parking:Amount of parking and quality determines location Less: customers are discouraged, more: store may be perceived as unpopular • Std rule of thumb: 5.5:1000 (5.5 spaces per 1000 sq feet of retail store space) • Need to consider the availability of employee parking, proportion of shoppers using cars, parking by non shoppers, typical length of shopping trip. • Congestion: refers to amount of crowding by cars or people. Optimal level essential. Too much: discourage sale, make shopping slow, irritate customers. High level: generate excitement and stimulate sale
- 14. Location characteristics • Visibility:Refers to the customer ability to see the store from the street. • Good visibility is les imp for a well established store and loyal customer base • Adjacent tenants: locations with complementary ,competing adjacent retailers can boost customer traffic • Convenience/comparison shoppers- shop around make choice easily
- 15. Location characteristics • Withina shopping centre: Affects both sales and occupancy costs • Stores which cater to impulse purchases- eg drug store/florist should be closer to supermarket, whereas shoe repair store- farther away • Consumers- comparison shopping, -fashionable apparel, benefit from located near departmental store anchor. • When consumers enter and leave- attracted to neighboring specialty retailers • Locate stores closeby – to attract similar target market- good assortment of merchandise
- 20. Trade area characteristics •After site identification: have acceptable traffic flow, accessibility and location characteristics, next step • Collect info about the trade area- used to forecast sales for a store located at that site • Retailer needs to define trade area for the site, retailer develops understanding of nature of consumers in the sites trade area
- 21. Trade area • Acontiguous geographic area that accounts for majority of store`s sale and customers • Primary trading area: geographic area from which the shopping centre or store site derives 50-70% of its customers • Secondary trading area: Geographic area of secondary importance in terms of customer sales, generating 20-30% of the sites customers • Tertiary trading area/fringe: includes the remaining customers who shop at the site but come from widely dispersed areas • Trading areas of three zones may be defined on basis od driving time. Primary: customers within five mins of driving site. Secondary: 15 min drive, Tertiary: more than 15 mins from site • Also define by distance: 3,5,10 miles from site
- 22. The Segments ofa Trading Area
- 23. Benefits of TradingArea Analysis • Discovery of consumer demographics and socioeconomic characteristics • Opportunity to determine focus of promotional activities • Opportunity to view media coverage patterns • Assessment of effects of trading area overlap • Ascertain whether chain’s competitors will open nearby • Discovery of ideal number of outlets, geographic weaknesses • Review of other issues, such as transportation
- 24. The Trading Areasof Current and Proposed Outlets
- 25. Factors affecting thesize of trading area • Stores accessibility • Natural and physical barriers • level of competition • Type of shopping area • Type of store
- 26. Type of shoppingarea • Size of trading area is determined by the nature of merchandise sold, the assortment offered, and location alternatives for the merchandise • Convenience store: for speed, category specialist for comparison shopping,
- 27. Type of store Destinationstores • Merchandise, selection, presentation pricing or other unique features attract customers to other stores regardless of other neighboring stores • have a better assortment, better promotion, and/or better image • It generates a trading area much larger than that of its competitors • Anchor stores in shopping malls such as dept stores • Eg Lifestyle, Marks and Spencers Parasite stores • do not create their own traffic and have no real trading area of their own • Trading area is determined by dominant retailer in the shopping area or retail area • offer complementary products/services • These stores depend on people who are drawn to area for other reasons • Eg drycleaners
- 28. Measure the tradearea for customer site • Can determine the existing trade area fo9r their existing store by Customer spotting • Is the process of locating residences of customers for a store on a map and displaying their positions relative to the store location • Address for locating the customers residence : ask the customers/internet/cheque info/customer loyalty programs • Data processing: manual or through GIS(Geographic Information Systems) • For new store use the info from existing stores
- 29. Trading Areas andStore Type Largest TRADING AREAS Smallest Department stores Supermarkets Apparel stores Gift stores Convenience stores
- 30. The Trading Areaof a New Store Different tools must be used when an area must be evaluated in terms of opportunities rather than current patronage and traffic patterns – Trend analysis – Consumer surveys – Computerized trading area analysis models
- 31. Sources of informationabout the Trade area • Census data • GIS data
- 32. GIS-Geographic Information system •System of hardware and software used to store/retrieve/map/analyse geographic data. • Identified with a coordinate(latitude/longitude)that references a particular place • Firms offer GIS combine data with updated demographic census data+ consumer spending pattern+lifestyle. • Data can be analysed easily and output are maps which enable to visualize implications easily
- 37. Estimating a salespotential for a store site • Huffs Gravity model • Regression analysis • Analog model
- 38. Huffs gravity model •Based on concept of gravity • Customers attracted to a store just as Newton's falling apple was attracted towards earth • Force of attraction is based on two factors: - Size of store(larger store has more pull power) - time it takes to travel( More travel time=less pull power)
- 39. Regression analysis • Statisticalmodel • based on assumption that factors which affect the sales of existing store in a chain will have the same impact on stores located at new sites being considered • Employs a technique called as multiple regression to estimate sales
- 40. CHIEF FACTORS TOCONSIDER IN EVALUATING RETAIL TRADING AREAS
- 41. Population Size and Characteristics •Total size and density • Age distribution • Average educational level • Percentage of residents owning homes • Total disposable income • Per capita disposable income • Occupation distribution • Trends Availability of Labor • Management • Management trainee • Clerical Closeness to Sources of Supply • Delivery costs • Timeliness • Number of manufacturers • Number of wholesalers • Availability of product lines • Reliability of product lines
- 42. Economic Base • Dominantindustry • Extent of diversification • Growth projections • Freedom from economic and seasonal fluctuations • Availability of credit and financial facilities Competitive Situation • Number and size of existing competition • Evaluation of competitor strengths and weaknesses • Short-run and long-run outlook • Level of saturation Availability of store locations • Number and type of store locations • Access to transportation • Owning versus leasing opportunities • Zoning • Costs Regulations • Taxes • Licensing • Operations • Minimum wages • Zoning
- 43.