The document summarizes a research study that aimed to identify and rate factors affecting the accuracy of cost estimates in Jordanian construction projects. The research involved formulating objectives and hypotheses, collecting data through questionnaires from 170 contractors and 95 consultants, exploring the data, and developing models to analyze the results. Key findings included: 1) Contractors and consultants similarly rated "clear drawings and specifications" as the most important factor; 2) Their rankings of factors were not significantly different, indicating shared views of the cost estimation process; 3) Project costs are more influenced by early design decisions than later construction stages.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Factors Influencing Contractors Selection in Construction Projectsijtsrd
Contractor selection is a critical decision that is undertaken by client organizations and is central to the success of any construction project. The process should be conducted prior to the award of contract, characterized by many factors such as contactor’s skills, experience on similar projects, track record in the industry, and financial stability. Selection of the best contractor is a vital process in construction projects. This paper identifies the most important factors that influence the selection of contractors. A questionnaire was distributed to experts in the construction domain to determine the importance of factors that are taken into consideration by the main contractor to select the most suitable contractor. A survey was carried out which was conducted with many experts in the construction field to determine the score of each factor. Dr. V. Sathish Kumar | Dr. P. R. Dhevasena "Factors Influencing Contractors Selection in Construction Projects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38262.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38262/factors-influencing-contractors-selection-in-construction-projects/dr-v-sathish-kumar
A Review of Cost overruns in Construction Project Managementijsrd.com
In construction industry cost is amongst the major considerations throughout the project management life cycle and thus can be regarded as one of the most important parameter of a project and the driving force of project success. Despite of its proven importance it is not uncommon to see a construction project failing to achieve its objectives within the specified cost. Cost overrun is a very frequent phenomenon and is almost associated with nearly all projects in the construction industry. In this paper different type of cost are enlisted and due to the effect of cost overruns enumerated in building projects. Effects Cost overruns are decrease in the building projects so, different methods are used the analysis cost overruns factors and give the top ten ranks.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Factors Influencing Contractors Selection in Construction Projectsijtsrd
Contractor selection is a critical decision that is undertaken by client organizations and is central to the success of any construction project. The process should be conducted prior to the award of contract, characterized by many factors such as contactor’s skills, experience on similar projects, track record in the industry, and financial stability. Selection of the best contractor is a vital process in construction projects. This paper identifies the most important factors that influence the selection of contractors. A questionnaire was distributed to experts in the construction domain to determine the importance of factors that are taken into consideration by the main contractor to select the most suitable contractor. A survey was carried out which was conducted with many experts in the construction field to determine the score of each factor. Dr. V. Sathish Kumar | Dr. P. R. Dhevasena "Factors Influencing Contractors Selection in Construction Projects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38262.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38262/factors-influencing-contractors-selection-in-construction-projects/dr-v-sathish-kumar
A Review of Cost overruns in Construction Project Managementijsrd.com
In construction industry cost is amongst the major considerations throughout the project management life cycle and thus can be regarded as one of the most important parameter of a project and the driving force of project success. Despite of its proven importance it is not uncommon to see a construction project failing to achieve its objectives within the specified cost. Cost overrun is a very frequent phenomenon and is almost associated with nearly all projects in the construction industry. In this paper different type of cost are enlisted and due to the effect of cost overruns enumerated in building projects. Effects Cost overruns are decrease in the building projects so, different methods are used the analysis cost overruns factors and give the top ten ranks.
A literary study on the bonding of the Six Sigma with the Service Quality for...IJERA Editor
Purpose: This research paper focusses on the merger of the six sigma with the service quality for the improvement of the services for the service sectors . Approach: This paper approaches towards the resaons for the poor performance of the six sigma in the service sectors ,key factors necessary for the implementation of the six sigma and the barriers / difficulties to the implementation of the same . Findings: This paper drives towards the problems ,outcomes and the benefits obtained through the implementation of the six sigma for the service sectors and the significant and the insignificant contribution concerned with the implementation fo the six sigma towards the service quality .The companies or the organisation who had been the beneficiaries is also discussed . Implications:The implications of this paper is to call for the redisgning a framework necessary for the implementation of the six sigma with the service quality for the other major sectors as well . Originality : This paper provides a fresh look into the six sigma applications to services by combining the thorough analysis of the concepts .
The construction industry has been struggling with
quality issues for many years, which affect and the cost, customer
satisfaction and business development. This paper focus on
identification of prerequisite for Quality control of selective
activates. This study leads to find out vital checks in activity which
has to require more concentration while execution. it suggests using
modern tool to check construction work with the help of Android
application. To develop an Android application, this study carried
out a survey for finding critical checks for selective activities. ISO
certified organization and their middle management employee
responded to master checklist. This data analysis forms a unique
trend of vital, important and necessary checks. This is base for
development of application.
Study concluded with the Vital checks in activity for quality
concern, study carried by questionnaire survey, checklist rating and
views. This solution will be unique one for construction industries, as
android users are increasing rapidly.
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivejjour
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivej
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
A literary study on the bonding of the Six Sigma with the Service Quality for...IJERA Editor
Purpose: This research paper focusses on the merger of the six sigma with the service quality for the improvement of the services for the service sectors . Approach: This paper approaches towards the resaons for the poor performance of the six sigma in the service sectors ,key factors necessary for the implementation of the six sigma and the barriers / difficulties to the implementation of the same . Findings: This paper drives towards the problems ,outcomes and the benefits obtained through the implementation of the six sigma for the service sectors and the significant and the insignificant contribution concerned with the implementation fo the six sigma towards the service quality .The companies or the organisation who had been the beneficiaries is also discussed . Implications:The implications of this paper is to call for the redisgning a framework necessary for the implementation of the six sigma with the service quality for the other major sectors as well . Originality : This paper provides a fresh look into the six sigma applications to services by combining the thorough analysis of the concepts .
The construction industry has been struggling with
quality issues for many years, which affect and the cost, customer
satisfaction and business development. This paper focus on
identification of prerequisite for Quality control of selective
activates. This study leads to find out vital checks in activity which
has to require more concentration while execution. it suggests using
modern tool to check construction work with the help of Android
application. To develop an Android application, this study carried
out a survey for finding critical checks for selective activities. ISO
certified organization and their middle management employee
responded to master checklist. This data analysis forms a unique
trend of vital, important and necessary checks. This is base for
development of application.
Study concluded with the Vital checks in activity for quality
concern, study carried by questionnaire survey, checklist rating and
views. This solution will be unique one for construction industries, as
android users are increasing rapidly.
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivejjour
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivej
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
BANCHAK COMPETITION WASTE FOR THE BEST.pptxRoman Shrestha
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About the IPD using BIM by Pisut Aunwong . It shows the description about the BIM with respect to Integrated Project Delivery IPD. IPD has been a hot topic and with respect to BIM has been the most research part of this decade.
Short description about the water spout. Later we have visited some origin source of water spout in Kathmandu valley. If needed more detail. Please let us know.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Research-Cycle-Group
1. RESEARCH CYCLE
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCURACY OF COST ESTIMATE:
CASE OF JORDAN
Muhammad T. Hatamleh, Mohammed Hiyassat, Ghaleb Jalil Sweis and Rateb Jalil Sweis
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Group Members:
Navodi Gimhani 120457
Tharindu Dodanwala 120339
Roman Man Shrestha 120294
Kaung Wunna Kyaw 120332
Nischaya Sedai 120459
3. FORMULATE
• Problem Statement
• There is no consensus in most important and influential
factors on the accuracy of cost estimate.
• Research Questions
• What is cost estimation?
• What are the factors affecting cost estimation?
• How the factors affect the accuracy of the cost estimation?
3
4. FORMULATE (CONTIUNED)
• Objectives
1. To identify and rate the factors affecting the estimation
process
2. To test the degree of consensus among the contractors
and the consultants regarding the ranking of the factors
affecting the accuracy of cost estimation
3. To discuss the top ten factors within the Jordanian
construction companies, justify their high rank and
compare them with other studies
4
5. FORMULATE (CONTIUNED)
• Literature Review
• Estimation - Process of predicting and forecasting the
time, cost and other resources needed to accomplish the
objective (Larson and Gray, 2011)
• Cost estimating - Predictive process of quantifying the
financial resources dependent upon the scope of
investment to establish the project budget (Dysert, 2003)
5
6. FORMULATE (CONTIUNED)
• Literature Review
• Azman et al. (2013) identified that availability of sufficient
design information and cost data as most important factors
in preparing accurate estimates
• Alumbugu et al. (2014) concluded that the most
influencing factor affecting the accuracy of pre-tender cost
estimation is the experience and skill level of the estimator
6
8. GENERATION OF HYPOTHESIS (CONTIUNED)
H0: There is no significant difference between contractors and
consultants toward the ranking of factors related to contractors,
consultants, design parameters, and information.
H1: There is a significant difference between contractors and
consultants toward the ranking of factors related to contractors,
consultants, design parameters, and information.
8
9. DATA COLLECTION
Respondents’ information Frequency Percentage
Type of participation in the project implementation
Contractor 170 64.2
Consultant 95 35.8
Working experience in the construction industry
< 3 years 35 13.2
3-5 years 90 34.0
5-10 years 80 30.2
10-15 years 37 14.0
>15 years 23 8.7
Table 1: Demographic Description
9
10. DATA EXPLORATION
• To evaluate reliability and validity a pilot study
(30 respondent) was carried out
• Cornbach’s α coefficient test is used for appraisal
of the reliability (0.783 ≤ α ≤ 0.967)
• Spearman test was used to ensure the criterion
and construct validity of the questionnaire (p-
value < 0.05)
10
11. MODEL AND MONITOR
• 𝑅𝐼𝐼 =
Σ𝑤
𝐴𝑁
𝑥100% =
5𝑛5+4𝑛4+3𝑛3+2𝑛2+1𝑛1
5𝑛5
𝑥100%
RII- Relative Important Index
w- Weight given to each factor by respondent
(1- not important to 5- very important)
A- Highest weight (5)
N- Total number of samples
11
12. MODEL AND MONITOR (CONTIUNED)
Factor
Contractor Consultant
RII (%) Rank RII (%) Rank
Experience of pricing construction projects 81.4 2 82.4 2
Clear and detail drawings and specification 82.4 1 84 1
Availability of database of bids on similar
project
71.4 9 81.6 4
Accuracy and reliability of cost information 75.4 5 77 5
Projects team experience of the construction
type
76 4 74 8
Completeness of cost information 72.2 8 74.6 7
The estimating method used 69.6 11 71.2 9
Level of involvement of the project manager 69.4 12 71.2 9
Quality of information and flow requirements 69.4 12 69.8 12
The quality of the assumptions used in
preparing the estimate
73 7 76.8 6
Time allowed for preparing cost estimates 75 6 74.4 8
Perception of estimation importance 80 3 82.2 3
The padding estimates 68.2 13 70.9 10
Contractor bidding strategy 69.4 12 63.2 13
Table 2: Factors Related to Contractors, Consultants, Design Parameters & Information
Mann-Whitney = 103.5
p-value = 0.708 (p-value >
0.05);
The null hypothesis is therefore
accepted at 95% confidence
interval.
No significant difference
12
13. MODEL AND MONITOR (CONTIUNED)
• Conclusions
• There are slight differences between the contractors’ and consultants’
response over the importance factors affecting the accuracy of cost
estimation. This result indicates that each of them looks at the process of
cost estimation almost the same way.
• The ranking of “clear drawing and specification” as the most important
factor indicates that construction project costs were more influenced by
architects and consultants than by contractors. This means that the
project costs are more determined by decisions at the initial, feasibility,
and early design stages rather than by later construction stages.
13