Factors affecting quality of construction projects in India

1. NTCC CAPSTONE PRESENTATION
Factors Affecting Quality of Construction
Projects in India
Ayush Khandelwal
A13559017183
Faculty Guide:
Mr. Omar Bashir
Assistant Prof. SOC
RICS SBE

2. Aim
Aim: The purpose for this research is to identify the factors influencing quality of
construction projects in India.
NTCC CAPSTONE PRESENTATION
Objectives:
► “How much Construction equipment affect the quality of projects.
► How much Availability/Non-availability of Funds affect the quality of projects.
► How much Construction materials influence the quality of projects.
► How the presence or absence of Trained personnel influence the quality of projects
► How Availability of labor affect the quality of projects and many such factors.
► And many other factors & also
► To provide solution for all the major identified factors”.

3. Research Significance
 Sheds light on factors influencing quality of construction projects in India.
 Applicable and useful for various project participants or stakeholders such as
Government organisations like PWD , CPWD, Architects, Quantity Surveyors,
project managers, contractors, Students, construction management authority ,
financial institutions, students, professionals.
 All the project participants or stakeholders to make correct decisions when they
are investing in any projects
 It will assist contractors in highlighting the various pit-falls so that they can
execute work as per quality and refrain from being black listed.
 Contractors to understand the nature of the materials market so they can bid well
and which will help them for securing works against tenders.

4. Methodology
LITERATURE Review
PREPARATION OF
QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTIONNAIRE
SURVEY
DATA COLLECTION
Identification and Ranking
of quality factors using
SPSS and excel
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION

5. Literature review
Author Factors
Generic factors
Management commitment for continous quality improvement
management leadership in promoting high process quality
quality training of personnel
efficient teamwork to promote quality issues to corporate level
effective cooperation between parties taking part in project
Industry specific factors
Selection of designers and contractors on merit
communcation practices between parties
inspection of quality on site
buidling operation manual that is thorough
adequate operation and maintainence budget that is planned early at design phase
Critical success factors
Project manager competence
top management support
Monitoring and feedback by by project particpants
nteraction among project participants
owners’ competence.
Failure factors
conflict among project participants
hostile socio-economic environment
harsh climatic condition
faulty project conceptualization
PM’s ignorance & lack of knowledge
aggressive competition during tendering
David Arditi.,& H. Murat Gunaydin.
(1998), ‘Factors that affect process
Quality in the life cycle of building
projects’, Journal of Constr. Eng.
Manage, ASCE.,Vol.124, pp.194-203.
K. N. Jha & K. C. Iyer (2006) Critical
Factors Affecting Quality Performance
in
Construction Projects, Total Quality
Management and Business Excellence,
17:9, 1155-1170, DOI:
10.1080/14783360600750444
Made in Excel
The following are the factors which were found out during literature review of
various Indian and foreign Authors:

6. Literature review
1) Cost
2) Time
3) Innovation and learning
4) Client satisfaction
5) Environmental factors
6) Health issues
7) Size and value of the project
8) Improper records of the labours day work
9) Complexity of the project
10) Availability of labour near site
11) Availability of skilled labour
12) Poor cost control of equipment
13) Improper Equipment utilization in site
14) Decision at right time
15) Non-support by the management
16) Negative attitude of contractors, labours.
17) Payment to workers
18) Opposition of political environment
19) Amount of work stoppage
20) Expiry of Guarantee
21) Drawing with less details
22) Inexperienced staff supervision
23) No raw material access places
24) Insufficient cash flow by contactors
25) Low quality raw material
26) Scale ratio problem in design
27) Unclear site layout
28) Poor labour management
29) No safety programs to labours
30) Access to site is difficult
31) Design codes & standards,
32) Financial issues,
33) Customer satisfaction,
34) Planning and scheduling,
35) Materials and equipments,
36) Human resources,
37) Coordination,
38) Inspection,
39) Risk,
40) Method of execution and
41) Type of organization.
AN EMPRICAL
STUDY ON FACTORS
AFFECTING
THE QUALITY IN
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTK.
Rajkumar1, S.
Kavin2, S.
Jagadeesh3,

7. Literature review
Design
i)Completeness and consistency of design document
ii)Drawings are prepared in full details
iii)Conformance tocodes and standards
iv)Adherence tospecifications
v)Bill of quantity is detailed and accurate
2
Contract
i)Cooperation between parties involved in contract
ii)Pervious successful relations between parties
iii)A written contractwithclearconditions
iv)Usingastandard contract
v)Types of awardingsystem
3
Material
i)Usingacomprehensive material managementsystem
ii)Cooperation between contractorand material suppliers
iii) Availability of good quality construction materials
iv)Usingstorage and handlingsystem
v)Construction materials monopoly
International Journal of LatestTrends
in Engineeringand Technology (IJLTET)
Study on Critical Factors affectingthe
Quality Performance of Construction
W. Femina, D.Jackson,B.Rajkumar

8. Literature review
4
Labor
i)Labor management system
ii)Using labor with high experience
iii)Using motivation system
iv)Training courses for labor
v)Income level and wages of labor
5
Equipment
i)Availability of equipment
ii)Equipment management system
iii) Measurement of equipment productivity
iv)Good utilization of equipment
v)Equipment maintenance
Sub-Contractors
i)Company’s procedures of selecting subcontractors
ii)High cooperation between subcontractors and general
contractor
iii)Using a system to evaluate subcontractors performance
iv)Good and fair subcontract conditions
7
Site layout
i)Site layout is large
ii)Site layout is organized well
iii)Site layout has storage areas for materials
iv)Site layout is clean
8
Systems
nternational Journal of Latest Trends in
Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
Study on Critical Factors affecting the
Quality Performance of Construction
W. Femina, D.Jackson,B.Rajkumar
nternational Journal of Latest Trends in
Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
Study on Critical Factors affecting the
Quality Performance of Construction
W. Femina, D.Jackson,B.Rajkumar

9. Literature review
v)Implementing a safety program
9
Site staff
i)Cooperation between Supervision and Contractor’s staff
ii)Understanding of contract administration by Supervision
iii)Skill and experience of Supervision staff
iv) Skill and experience of Contractor’s staff
10
Execution
i)Using integrated project execution system
ii)Testing for final products only
iii)Clear procedure for accepting performed activities
iv)Preparing and using shop drawings
11
Financial Issues
i)Amount of contractor’s cash flow
ii)Non-delay of interim payments
12
Environment
i)Socio-economic environment
ii)Stability of Political environment
nternational Journal of Latest Trends in
Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
Study on Critical Factors affecting the

10. Questionnaire Design
• “Likert scale”
• Likert’s scale was named so as it was invented by psychologist Rensis Likert.
• A similar scale was employed here giving options to respondents.
• The version of Likert’s scale which was used here was corresponding to
 “Very low extent “
 “Low extent”
 “Moderate extent”
 “High extent”
 “Very High extent”

11. Demographic Profile of Respondents

12. Data Analysis
► Reliability Test (Cronbach’s Alpha)

13. Factors ,RII & Rank
Factors RII RANK
Design related factors
(Specifications,Conformance to codes &
completeness)
0.800 4
Materials selection ,usage and
management
0.806 2
Lack of Communication 0.806 2
Selection , Availability and usage of
equipment
0.711 13
Top management's support 0.772 10
Project manager's Competence 0.792 5
Labour related factors 0.778 7
Selection of Designers and sub-contractors 0.775 8
Financial issues(Cash flow,liquidity,profit
and cost of rework)
0.822 1
Systems of Quality and safety 0.775 8
Integrated project execution 0.750 11
Contract related factors 0.739 12
Experience,skill, and co-operation of site
staff
0.792 5
Design
related
factors
(Specifi
cations,
Confor
mance
to
codes
&
comple
teness)
Materi
als
selectio
n
,usage
and
manag
ement
Lack of
Comm
unicati
on
Selecti
on ,
Availab
ility
and
usage
of
equipm
ent
Top
manag
ement'
s
suppor
t
Project
manag
er's
Compe
tence
Labour
related
factors
Selecti
on of
Design
ers and
sub-
contrac
tors
Financi
al
issues(
Cash
flow,liq
uidity,p
rofit
and
cost of
rework
)
System
s of
Quality
and
safety
Integra
ted
project
executi
on
Contra
ct
related
factors
Experie
nce,skil
l, and
co-
operati
on of
site
staff
RII 0.800 0.806 0.806 0.711 0.772 0.792 0.778 0.775 0.822 0.775 0.750 0.739 0.792
0.800
0.806 0.806
0.711
0.772
0.792
0.778 0.775
0.822
0.775
0.750
0.739
0.792
RII

14. Conclusion and Recommendation
 Financial issues like cashflow of contractor, profit and cost of rework (if known) can
help in better quality of the project in Indian scenario.
 High quality advanced materials should be selected and properly managed in order to
maintain the quality of project.
 Communication between all the participants of the projects should be continuous and
effective. Communications programmes should be incorporated to develop effective
communication in project.
 Design needs to be more clear and concise and should be prepared by expert
professionals in accordance with standards and codes.
 Proper training programmes should be included to train the site staff of both
contractor and client. A selection criteria should be developed based on the skills
required in site.

15. Conclusion and Recommendation
► Project manager is the key person for the success of the project and should be highly
competent.
► Labours are the first person from which quality gets affected and should be properly
manged trained and selected on basis of their skills.
► Proper system for quality and safety should be developed at organisation’s level and
should be followed religiously.
► Designers and sub-contractors should be selected purely on the basis of their
experience and skill.
► Top management should support and should develop a regular checking and
analysing system in order to support the staff and motivate for quality.
► Regular maintenance of the construction equipment should be done in order to
manage them effectively. Durable equipment equipped with advanced technology
should be purchased and used

16. References
► Khandelwal, A., 2019. Factors affecting Quality of projects in India. Noida:
RICS School of built environment.