General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Department of Pharmaceutics
Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
Hatkhowapara, Azara, Guwahati-17

2. CONTENT:
 DEFINATION
 OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
 RESEARCH METHODS:
 RESEARCH PROBLEM
 TYPES OF RESEARCH
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 STEPS IN RESEARCH
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3. Definition of Research
“Research is a
systematized effort
to gain new knowledge”.

4. Research can also be defined as
Search for knowledge
Systematic and scientific search for getting relevant
answers on any taken up specific topic.
Scientific enquiry into a subject.
Research is a movement from the unknown to the known.
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5. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 Research Objectives are the statement of the questions that is
to be investigated with the goal of answering the overall
research problem.
 Research Objectives should be clear and achievable.
 Generally, they are written as statements, using the word “to”
(For example : to discover … „ to determine …„ to
establish....,to find out…, to assess …..,etc. )

6. The objectives are:
 To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights
into it. – Exploratory or Formulative Research.
 To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual,
situation or a group. – Descriptive Research.
 To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with
which it is associated with something else. – Diagnostic Research.
 To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables. –
Hypothesis Testing Research.
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7. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
 Identify alternative course of action.
 Help in economics use of resources.
 Help in project identification.
 Solves investment problem.
 For students, research means a careerism or a way to
attain a high position in the social structure
 Solves various operational and planning problems of
business and industry

8. Research Methods
May be understood as all those methods or
techniques that are used by a researcher
for conducting a Research
depending upon the methods.

9. 11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
(1) Library Research:
Analysis of historical records and documents. – Statistical
compilation, references, abstracts, guides manipulation (handle
with skill)
(2) Field Research:
Observation, questionnaires, personal, Group or telephonic
interviews, case study.
(3) Laboratory Research:
A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in
which scientific or technological research, experiments, and
measurement may be performed.
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10. 11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
Research Methodology:
Is the way do systematically solve the research problem.
In it we study the various steps that are generally
adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem logically.
Steps:
1) Why a particular research study has been undertaken?
2) How the Research problem has been defined?
3) What way and why the hypothesis (basic idea) has been formulated?
4) Why a particular technique of analyzing data is used? (or) How the
data were collected?
5) How the collected data were interpreted?
6) What deletion was made?
7) What was the conclusion?
Finally what was the solution for the Research problem?
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11. RESEARCH PROBLEM ?
Research Problem refers to some difficulty which
a researcher experiences and wants to obtain a
solution for the same.
i.e. a question or issue to be examined.

12. Process of Defining Problem
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
Analysis of the Situation
Identify & Prioritize Problems
Select & Define Problem
Statement of Research
Objectives
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13. Types of Research
Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research

14. Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
Gathering, knowledge is termed as ‘pure’ or
‘basic’ research. Just to gather knowledge in
order to formulate or generalize theories or
policies.
Eg) Research on mathematics.
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15. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
To find an immediate solution for a
pressing practical problem.
Eg: Social, economical and
political trends prevailing in a
country.
Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)11/2/2019

16. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)11/2/2019

17. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
 Goes on to discover the existing
relationship or interdependence between
two or more aspects / variables.
 Otherwise known as comparative study.
 Investigates association between variables.
Eg: Sum of humour and job satisfaction,
(relatedvariable)
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)

18. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)

19. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)

20. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)

21. Types of Research
• Research can be classified from the view point or
perspectives as, From the view point
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Application Objective Inquiry mode
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
2. Correlative
4.Explanatory
3. Exploratory
1. Descriptive 1. QuaNtitative Research
2. QuaLitative Research
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)

22. Review of Literature

23. Review of literature
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
 What ?
 Why ?
 Where?
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24. What ?
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
Literature Review is the documentation of a published
and unpublished work from secondary sources of data
in the areas of specific interest to the researcher.
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25. Why ?
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
 To find out already investigated problems and those that
need further investigation.
 To formulate researchable hypothesis.
 To gain a background knowledge
 To identify data sources
 To learn how others structured their reports.
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26. Where ?
SOURCES OF LITERATURE
11/2/2019 Mustafizur Rahman, M.Pharm, Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
 Books and Journals
 Databases
 Bibliographic Databases
 Abstract Databases
 Full-Text Databases
 Govt. and NGO Records & Reports
 Internet
 On line journals
 E. Databases – Popline, Medline
 Research Dissertations / Thesis
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27. STEPS IN RESEARCH
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28. MUSTAFIZUR
RAHMAN
Department of Pharmaceutics
Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science
Hatkhowapara, Azara, Guwahati-17
M.Pharm,3rd Sem, Roll No: 07
Dept. Pharmaceutics. (GIPS)
Email id : mustafizur7465@rediffmail.com
Phn No : +91 9706136714/ +91 7002689088
Website: www.mustafizur.ml