This document discusses several topics related to research methodology and biostatistics including cultural concerns, truth-telling, online business practices, and control resolution. Cultural concerns involve understanding a patient's culture, language, beliefs, and removing barriers to equal participation. Truth-telling focuses on honesty with patients about diagnoses and errors while balancing autonomy and mental stability. Online business practices emphasize making medical practices mobile-friendly and directly connecting patients to providers through online booking and medical centers. Control resolution ensures ethical considerations in hospitals through effective accreditation addressing integrity, interests, research, and organ ethics.
Medical Research: conflicts between autonomy and beneficence/non maleficence, euthanasia, informed consent, confidentiality, criticisms of orthodox medical ethics
Cross over design, Placebo and blinding techniques Dinesh Gangoda
A crossover design is a modified randomized block design in which each block receives more than one treatment at different dosing periods.
A block can be a patient or a group of patients.
Patients in each block receive different sequences of treatments.
A crossover design is called a complete crossover design if each sequence contains all treatments under investigation.
A placebo is a dummy medicine containing no active substance.
This substance has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.
Latin- ‘ I shall please’
Medical Research: conflicts between autonomy and beneficence/non maleficence, euthanasia, informed consent, confidentiality, criticisms of orthodox medical ethics
Cross over design, Placebo and blinding techniques Dinesh Gangoda
A crossover design is a modified randomized block design in which each block receives more than one treatment at different dosing periods.
A block can be a patient or a group of patients.
Patients in each block receive different sequences of treatments.
A crossover design is called a complete crossover design if each sequence contains all treatments under investigation.
A placebo is a dummy medicine containing no active substance.
This substance has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.
Latin- ‘ I shall please’
Criticisms of orthodox medical ethics, importance ofsupriyawable1
ethics is a very large and complex field of study with many branches .medical ethics is the branch of ethics that deals moral issues in medical practice. principles of medical ethics - autonomy ,beneficence ,confidentiality,do not harm,equity .importance of communication .
(I) MEDICAL RESEARCH_ UNIT_III_RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS.pptxRAHUL PAL
Research Methodology and Biostatistics syllabus:
Medical Research: History, values in medical ethics, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, double effect, conflicts between autonomy.
Medical research has a long and varied history. It has evolved from rudimentary practices to sophisticated, evidence-based methodologies. Some key milestones include the development of the scientific method, the use of randomized controlled trials, the discovery of antibiotics, and the mapping of the human genome. Ethical concerns have also played a significant role in shaping the history of medical research, especially in response to various ethical violations, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Nuremberg Trials.
Resolving conflicts between these principles often requires careful consideration, ethical analysis, and, in some cases, consultation with ethics committees or boards. The specific course of action may vary based on the individual circumstances and ethical frameworks employed by healthcare professionals and researchers. Ethical guidelines and regulations also play a significant role in addressing and preventing these conflicts in medical research.
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements,
practical difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies,
strategies to eliminate errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design,
placebo, blinding techniques.
Research Methodology (M. Pharm, IIIrd Sem.)_UNIT_IV_CPCSEA Guidelines for Lab...RAHUL PAL
CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility: Goals, veterinary care, quarantine,
surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and control of disease, personal
hygiene, location of animal facilities to laboratories, anesthesia, euthanasia, physical facilities, environment, animal husbandry, record keeping, SOPs, personnel and
training, transport of lab animals.
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
Ethical Dilemmas in Precision Medicine: Navigating the Intersection of Scienc...ClinosolIndia
The Ethical dilemmas in precision medicine arise from balancing the potential benefits of tailored treatments with concerns about privacy, consent, equity, and the implications of genetic information. These Dilemmas include issues around informed consent for data sharing, ensuring equitable access to precision medicine technologies, and safeguarding against discrimination based on Information. The potential for misuse or unintended consequences further complicate the ethical landscape of precision medicine. The Precision medicine widely used in Data Integration, Biomarkers, Targeted Therapies, predictive modeling, Clinical Decision Support. Precision Medicine improves the Patient outcomes, enhancing treatment efficacy, and reducing healthcare costs by minimizing trial and error in treatment selection. The precision medicine also raises Ethical legal and social complications related to data privacy, consent and equitable access and the potential for Discrimination based on information.
Criticisms of orthodox medical ethics, importance ofsupriyawable1
ethics is a very large and complex field of study with many branches .medical ethics is the branch of ethics that deals moral issues in medical practice. principles of medical ethics - autonomy ,beneficence ,confidentiality,do not harm,equity .importance of communication .
(I) MEDICAL RESEARCH_ UNIT_III_RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & BIOSTATISTICS.pptxRAHUL PAL
Research Methodology and Biostatistics syllabus:
Medical Research: History, values in medical ethics, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, double effect, conflicts between autonomy.
Medical research has a long and varied history. It has evolved from rudimentary practices to sophisticated, evidence-based methodologies. Some key milestones include the development of the scientific method, the use of randomized controlled trials, the discovery of antibiotics, and the mapping of the human genome. Ethical concerns have also played a significant role in shaping the history of medical research, especially in response to various ethical violations, such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Nuremberg Trials.
Resolving conflicts between these principles often requires careful consideration, ethical analysis, and, in some cases, consultation with ethics committees or boards. The specific course of action may vary based on the individual circumstances and ethical frameworks employed by healthcare professionals and researchers. Ethical guidelines and regulations also play a significant role in addressing and preventing these conflicts in medical research.
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements,
practical difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies,
strategies to eliminate errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design,
placebo, blinding techniques.
Research Methodology (M. Pharm, IIIrd Sem.)_UNIT_IV_CPCSEA Guidelines for Lab...RAHUL PAL
CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility: Goals, veterinary care, quarantine,
surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and control of disease, personal
hygiene, location of animal facilities to laboratories, anesthesia, euthanasia, physical facilities, environment, animal husbandry, record keeping, SOPs, personnel and
training, transport of lab animals.
Research Methodology_UNIT_I_General Research Methodology M. Pharm (IIIrd Sem.)Prachi Pandey
General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical
difficulties, review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate
errors/bias, controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.
Ethical Dilemmas in Precision Medicine: Navigating the Intersection of Scienc...ClinosolIndia
The Ethical dilemmas in precision medicine arise from balancing the potential benefits of tailored treatments with concerns about privacy, consent, equity, and the implications of genetic information. These Dilemmas include issues around informed consent for data sharing, ensuring equitable access to precision medicine technologies, and safeguarding against discrimination based on Information. The potential for misuse or unintended consequences further complicate the ethical landscape of precision medicine. The Precision medicine widely used in Data Integration, Biomarkers, Targeted Therapies, predictive modeling, Clinical Decision Support. Precision Medicine improves the Patient outcomes, enhancing treatment efficacy, and reducing healthcare costs by minimizing trial and error in treatment selection. The precision medicine also raises Ethical legal and social complications related to data privacy, consent and equitable access and the potential for Discrimination based on information.
Presented by Steve Mills, IBM Senior Vice President, Group Executive, Software & Systems Group
Learn more: http://www.ibm.com/software/products/en/category/health-social-programs
Real world Evidence and Precision medicine bridging the gapClinosolIndia
Real-world evidence and precision medicine represent complementary forces reshaping the healthcare landscape. The synergy between these realms offers a pathway to more personalized, effective, and patient-centered care. As technology, data analytics, and collaborative initiatives advance, the integration of real-world evidence into precision medicine practices holds the promise of revolutionizing how healthcare is delivered, ensuring that treatments are not only scientifically sound but also tailored to the unique characteristics and experiences of individual patients.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
SUBJECT: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS
TOPICS:
Cultural concerns
Truth telling
Online business practices
Control resolution
Submitted by,
Binuja.S.S
3rd semester M.Pharm
Department of Pharmacetical chemistry
3. Rule or expectation in any culture that prevents someone,
from outside of that culture, from being included or
participating equally.
Language, behaviour, customs, values and beliefs that a
particular culture, race or country holds.
Language and Religion
4. How to remove…
Do the work of learning for patient’s behavior/culture.
Acknowledge the difference between patient need and
medical preference.
Learn about different cultures.
6. Avoidance of lying, deception, misrepresentation, and
non-disclosure in interactions with patients or relevant to
patient care.
7. Why it is important?
Being honest with patients about their diagnoses .
Forthright about medical errors.
Primary physician and observing members
Obligation to report errors
8. Ethical to withhold information.
Upholding patient autonomy.
Patient and physician to plan the logistics of breaking
possible bad news
Mentally unstable patient
Patient possesses appropriate psychiatric backup.
10. Research which utilizes the internet to collect information
through an online tool and studies about how people use
the internet, e.g., through collecting data and/or examining
any online environments; and/or, uses of online datasets,
databases, or repositories.
11. Being mobile-friendly is key
Directly connect a patient to the provider
Millennials do everything online —appointment booking.
Online medical centre
Collection of health-care providers from one community
grouped together into one website.
Plastic surgery, medical equipment, dental, family
practitioners and home-care providers.
12. CONTROL RESOLUTION
To ensure that appropriate ethical values are being applied within
hospitals, effective hospital accreditation requires that ethical considerations are
taken into account, for example with respect to physician integrity, conflicts of
interest, research ethics and organ transplantation ethics.
13. RESOLUTION STRATEGY
Sets out the key elements of the proposed approach to
resolution.
Scope
Conditions for entry into resolution
Activation of the operational resolution plan
Funding arrangements
14. Key options resolving the failing firm
Protects critical functions, government funds and systemic
stability
Achieves relevant resolution objectives.
15. REFERENCE
Research methodology and biostatistics- Dr.Vinod kumar, page
no: 196-201.
Ethical Issues in Cross-Cultural Research- Suzanne Batten and
Anne Marshall. Research gate
Medical errors: Moral and ethical considerations -Wilfred
Bonney , Journal of Hospital Administration, 2014, Vol.3,No.2.
