This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and thesis, discusses the objectives and importance of research. It also outlines the main types of research such as descriptive, applied, quantitative, qualitative, and fundamental. Additionally, it explains the key steps of the research process including identifying the problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, and presenting the final report. The document provides details on each step to clearly explain the overall research methodology process.
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
Research is the systematic efforts of gathering, analyzing & interpreting the problems confronted by humanity.
this ppt contains following points :-
Meaning of research
Characteristics of Research
Objectives of Research
Motivation in Research
Importance of Research
Types of Research
Research Process
Difference Between Research Methods & Research Methodology
Meaning of Business Research
Role of Business Research
Factors Affecting Business Research
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
In this ppt you can find the materials regarding Significance of Research/Importance of Research
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
Research is the systematic efforts of gathering, analyzing & interpreting the problems confronted by humanity.
this ppt contains following points :-
Meaning of research
Characteristics of Research
Objectives of Research
Motivation in Research
Importance of Research
Types of Research
Research Process
Difference Between Research Methods & Research Methodology
Meaning of Business Research
Role of Business Research
Factors Affecting Business Research
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
In this ppt you can find the materials regarding Significance of Research/Importance of Research
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
RESEARCH DESIGN , Sampling Designs , Dependent and Independent Variables, Extraneous Variables, Hypothesis, Exploratory Research Design, Descriptive and Diagnostic Research
Research Methodology Introduction ch1
MEANING OF RESEARCH, OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH,TYPES OF RESEARCH,Research Approaches ,Research Methods versus Methodology,research process guideline:
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. Guided by :
Prof . D.M Awari
Submitted By :
Mrunal Kharabe
M.Pharm (QAT)
Semester - I
Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s
CHARAK COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH
Wagholi, Pune- 412 207
1
2. Introduction :
Definitions :
1) Research
2) thesis
Objectives of research :
Importance of research :
Types of research :
Research process :
CONTENTS
2
3. It is an investigation of finding solution to scientific and social
problems, through systematic analysis.
Research is done with the help of experimental study collection of
data , observation ,analysis ,comparison etc.
It can lead to new contributions to the existing knowledge.
Research is an important tool in all pharmaceutical and other
business industries for higher growth & to improve the quality of
products.
INTRODUCTION
3
4. DEFINITION
Research :
The research defined as a logical, scientific and systematic
search for new and useful information on a specific topic. OR it is
investigation of finding solution to specific and social problems ,
through systematic analysis. OR any gathering of data, information
and facts for the advancement of knowledge.
Thesis :
The proposition laid down as a theme to be discussed and
proved . A discussion to maintain and prove a thesis especially
written or delivered by a candidate for university degree – Ph.D.
4
5. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden
and which has not been discovered as yet .
To serve the society by solving social problems.
To overcome or solve the problems occurring in our everyday
life.
To get research degree for better employment or promotion .
To develop new scientific method , concept and theories to solve
the scientific and non-scientific problems.
To discovered new things and tests the existing facts.
5
6. Research provides basis for many government policies.
e.g. : preparation of budget, solution for social problem,etc.
It is an important tool in all pharmaceutical and other business
industries for higher growth & to improve the quality of products.
Isolation , identification and characterization of new living
organisms, materials.
It gives guidelines for solving problems.
The process such as Human genome project ,Gene therapy ,
superconductivity have been discovered through research .
6
7. It helps to study the application of existing theories and
concepts.
Research gives the solution for problems of large and small
scale industries.
Helps to learn how to use libraries & other information
resources
They helps to finding answers to social problems.
Research is one of the important parameter for International
University Ranking .
7
8. Descriptive Research :
Means description of the state of affairs as it exist at present.
Researcher only reports only what has happened or what is
happening.
Applied research :
Aims at finding solution for an immediate problem facing a
society or an industry business organization. Most of experimental
research , case studies , and inter – disciplinary research are
essentially applied research .
Quantitative Research :
This Research is based on measurement of Quantity or amount. This
is structured or predermined methodology. Based on measurement of
quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be
expressed in terms of quantity. . Determination of amount by
volumetric ,calorimetric, or instrumental methods.
8
9. Qualitative Research :
. Concerned with qualitative phenomena , i.e. phenomena relating to
or involving quality or kind. It is on-numerical, descriptive ,and
applies reasoning .the main aim is to get the meaning , feeling and
situation. The detection of compound by Physical or chemical tests
is Qualitative analysis.
Fundamental Research / basic research :
Mainly concerned with generalization and with the formulation
of a theory. It is also called theoretical research and not concerned
with solving problem of immediate interest. Study of some natural
phenomena or research related to pure science termed as basic
research.
Analytical Research:
Researcher has to use facts on information already available and
analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material .
9
10. Research Methods :-
. Refers to the methods / techniques researcher use in performing
research operations.eg : collection of data , analysis of data . It
means description , explanation , and justification of methods. It is
way to solve research problem systematically and logically .
Research Methodology :-
It may be understood as a science of studying how research is
done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are
generally adopted by researcher in studying his research problem
along with the logic behind them .
10
13. Procedural Steps In Research
Formulating the research problem :
The best way to select it that discuss it with colleagues or
with those having expertise in specific field. In an academic
institution the researcher can take help from guide who is expert in
research area.
Literature survey :
It is a collection of research publication , books and other
documents related to the defined problem. It bring clarity and focus
to research problem, improve methodology and broaden the
knowledge.
Formulation of hypothesis :
hypothesis are scientifically reasonable prediction.
13
14. The expected solution based on available data and tentative
explanations constitute the hypothesis. It should be very specific
and its role is to guide the researcher ad keep him on right track.
Research Design :
It should indicate various approaches to be used in solving
the research problem , sources and information related to problem,
the measurement procedures, the frame of analysis , time schedule
and cost budget.
Data collection :
Primary data can be collected either from experiment work
or survey. The data can collected by observation, through
personal/telephone interview or by mailing of questionnaire.
14
15. Data analysis and interpretation :
the way of analysis of data depends on type of information
i.e. Qualitative , Quantitative , Descriptive .Appropriate statistical
tools are used for data analysis. The research hypothesis must be
tested by Chi square test, t-test , F-test, ANOVA test etc. The process
of interpretation may quite often trigger off new question which may
lead to further investigation. The number of data and its units , errors
bars and other details must be written in graphs .
Research report :
It is an oral or written presentation of important and useful
aspects. It helps to get feedback from other researcher . It is
important to publish the research outcome in appropriate journal ,
magazine or conference. The outcome of research work will become
known to the scientific community only through publication .
15
16. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kokare C., Kokare S., “Research Methodology”, Nirali
Prakashan; 1.1 to 1.13
Kothari C.R., “Research Methodology”( Methods and Technique),
Second Revised Edition, New Age International Publishers;1-23.
16