Reporting the Past
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The document discusses reporting structures used to report what people say or think. A report structure consists of a reporting clause containing a reporting verb, and a reported clause. The tense used in the reporting clause depends on when the reporting is occurring, while the tense in the reported clause depends on whether the reported information is still relevant or important in the present. Direct speech can also be included as part of a narrative without using reporting verbs.
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Reporting the past
The document discusses how to structure reports about past events using reporting verbs and clauses. It notes that reports typically use past tense verbs in both the reporting clause and reported clause. However, present tense can be used in the reported clause to emphasize ongoing relevance or make suggestions. The reporting verb tense depends on when the reporting is occurring. Direct speech in narratives is simply included without reporting verbs.
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COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR IV (II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Ciclo Académico Abril Agosto 2011
Carrera: Inglés
Docente: Lic. Cesar Augusto Ochoa
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- Both tenses are used to discuss experiences, changes over time, accomplishments, unfinished past actions, and multiple past actions. Time expressions like "for" or "since" can indicate durations.
Perfect Tenses
1. The document discusses the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect verb tenses in English.
2. The present perfect tense is used to talk about experiences in an indefinite past or changes/situations that began in the past and continue in the present.
3. The past perfect tense expresses actions that occurred before other past actions and is used in reported speech.
4. The future perfect tense expresses actions that will occur before other future actions, like an event in the past of the future.
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