Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja
Ciclo Académico Abril Agosto 2011
Carrera: Inglés
Docente: Lic. Cesar Augusto Ochoa
Ciclo:Cuarto
Bimestre: Segundo
Learn passive voice and how to convert an active sentence into passive. Learn tips and rules with common mistakes for using passive sentence structure.
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Direct Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in his own actual words without any change.
Indirect Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in our own words. In this Power Point Presentation I clearly discussed about Direct and Indirect Speech and the tips for conversion of Direct to Indirect Speech. Please use this Power Point Presentation for your reference purpose.
English Grammar needs an Understanding of the Usage of Various rules of Narration as well as other aspects like voices and tenses as well.
See this presentation by Tri Wahyuni (Source Online-Rights with the Maker only)
Learn Indirect/reported speech question, exclamatory and imperative sentences. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Reported Speech is used to report what someone said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So, verbs usually change to the past in reported speech. (Haryanti, 2000: 31).
They are two ways of relating what a person has said:
1. Direct Speech
In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said, ‘ I have lost my umbrella.’
2. Indirect (Reported) Speech
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella
The Rules of Reported Speech
1. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past.
Example:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
I told her that I didn’t have any money.
2. In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech
Example:
Direct Judy: My parents are very well.
Reported Judy said that her parents were very well.
3. In general, the past simple form in direct speech changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Example:
Direct Tom said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.
Reported Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work
The Kind of Reported Speech
There are many kinds of reported speech:
1. Reported Statement
Reported statement uses the reporting verb ‘that’, but ‘that’ is optional, so it is placed in bracket.
Example:
Quoted Statement She said, ‘I watch TV everyday.
Reported Statement She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
2. Reported Imperative
Reported Imperative is used to report invitation or command from someone to other people.
Example :
Quoted Imperative : Jamal said, ‘Please come to my party’.
Reported Imperative : Jamal invited me to come to his party.
Note :
In the reporterd Imperative, verb follows by object (pro) noun and then followed by infinitive phrase.
The following verbs is always used in reported imperative:
Advice - permit - invite
Ask - encourage - order
Remind - tell - warn
3. Reported Question
Reported Question is used to report questions. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affimative form, the question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported speech.
Example:
Quoted Question : He said, ‘Where does she live?’
Reported Question : He asked where she lived.
4. Reported Exclamation
Reported Exclamation is reporting of someone’s feeling or see.
Example:
Quoted Exclamation : He said, ‘What a dreadful thing!’
Reported Exclamation : He said that it was a dreadful thing.
Learn passive voice and how to convert an active sentence into passive. Learn tips and rules with common mistakes for using passive sentence structure.
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Direct Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in his own actual words without any change.
Indirect Speech: the message of the speaker is conveyed or reported in our own words. In this Power Point Presentation I clearly discussed about Direct and Indirect Speech and the tips for conversion of Direct to Indirect Speech. Please use this Power Point Presentation for your reference purpose.
English Grammar needs an Understanding of the Usage of Various rules of Narration as well as other aspects like voices and tenses as well.
See this presentation by Tri Wahyuni (Source Online-Rights with the Maker only)
Learn Indirect/reported speech question, exclamatory and imperative sentences. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Reported Speech is used to report what someone said. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So, verbs usually change to the past in reported speech. (Haryanti, 2000: 31).
They are two ways of relating what a person has said:
1. Direct Speech
In direct speech we repeat the original speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said, ‘ I have lost my umbrella.’
2. Indirect (Reported) Speech
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words.
Example: He said (that) he had lost his umbrella
The Rules of Reported Speech
1. When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past.
Example:
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
I told her that I didn’t have any money.
2. In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech
Example:
Direct Judy: My parents are very well.
Reported Judy said that her parents were very well.
3. In general, the past simple form in direct speech changes to the past perfect in reported speech.
Example:
Direct Tom said: ‘I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.
Reported Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to work
The Kind of Reported Speech
There are many kinds of reported speech:
1. Reported Statement
Reported statement uses the reporting verb ‘that’, but ‘that’ is optional, so it is placed in bracket.
Example:
Quoted Statement She said, ‘I watch TV everyday.
Reported Statement She said (that) she watched TV everyday.
2. Reported Imperative
Reported Imperative is used to report invitation or command from someone to other people.
Example :
Quoted Imperative : Jamal said, ‘Please come to my party’.
Reported Imperative : Jamal invited me to come to his party.
Note :
In the reporterd Imperative, verb follows by object (pro) noun and then followed by infinitive phrase.
The following verbs is always used in reported imperative:
Advice - permit - invite
Ask - encourage - order
Remind - tell - warn
3. Reported Question
Reported Question is used to report questions. The interrogative form of the verb changes to the affimative form, the question mark (?) is therefore omitted in reported speech.
Example:
Quoted Question : He said, ‘Where does she live?’
Reported Question : He asked where she lived.
4. Reported Exclamation
Reported Exclamation is reporting of someone’s feeling or see.
Example:
Quoted Exclamation : He said, ‘What a dreadful thing!’
Reported Exclamation : He said that it was a dreadful thing.
Start-up Stage - Marketplaces - Presentation by Roman Koidl, CEO of Finartmultiple at the NOAH 2015 Conference in London, Old Billingsgate on the 13th of November 2015.
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Lernen Sie die CRM-Software AG-VIP SQL kennen. Die CRM-Lösung lässt sich einfach anpassen und steuert kundenbezogene Prozesse in ihrem Unternehmen, z.B. Leadtracking, Angebotsverfolgung, Kampagnenmanagement, Reklamationsmanagement, uvm. Lassen Sie sich überraschen ...
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR IV (II Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011)
1. COMMUNICATIVE GRAMMAR IV ESCUELA : NOMBRES: Inglés César Ochoa Cueva, M.S.Ed. BIMESTRE: Segundo Bimestre Abril Agosto 2011
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7. Be ( not ) Past Participle ( by + Object) Subject Passive Voice = Be + Past Participle + ( by + Object) A nice song was sung by Richard Marx. Form of the Passive Voice Active Voice = Richard Marx sang a nice song. (simple past) Sunny Video was burglarized. A case is being reviewed by a judge. The videos were not stolen.
8. The police arrested the criminal. The criminal was arrested by the police. Subject is doing the action. Active voice Subject is receiving the action. Passive voice Active sentences focus on the agent (person or thing doing the action). Passive sentences focus on the object (person or thing receiving the action). Active vs. Passive
9. The case is reviewed by a judge. Passive Voice A judge reviews the case. Someone removed the videos. The videos were removed . The jury didn’t find the defendant guilty. The defendant wasn’t found guilty. Active Voice Active vs. Passive
10. Use the passive voice when the agent of the action is unknown or not important. Pictures and fingerprints are taken . Jurors are selected . Use of Passive Voice
11. Use the passive voice when we want to avoid mentioning the agent. Paulo committed a crime. A crime was committed . Active voice Paolo is responsible. Passive voice We don’t know who is responsible. Use of Passive Voice
12. Use a by phrase when it is important to know who performs the action . The video store was burglarized by a former employee . The information is surprising. By Phrases
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14. Present Real Conditionals If people get sick , if clause result clause they try herbal remedies . Conditional sentences have an if clause (condition) and a result clause.
15. Present Real Conditionals If I ’m feeling sick, I eat more garlic. if clause simple present or present progressive result clause simple present Use real conditionals for habits and things that happen again and again.
16. When If I have a sore throat, I take honey bee. When I have a sore throat, I honey bee. You can often use when instead of if .
17. Use if with Modals If you aren’t sleeping well, you can drink chamomile tea. If you get a burn, you might use aloe gel. You can use modals in the result clause.
18. Use if with Imperatives If you take herbs, tell your doctor. If you have a headache, make a lavender compress. You can use imperatives in the result clause.
19. Clause Order If you have motion sickness , eat ginger root . if clause result clause if clause result clause Eat ginger root if you have motion sickness . If you have motion sickness , eat ginger root . A conditional sentence can begin with the if clause or the result clause.
20. Use with Negatives If I ’m not sleeping well, I don’t drink coffee. If I drink slippery elm tea, I don’t cough as much. You can make either or both clauses negative.
21. Indirect Speech When the reporting verb is in the simple past, the verb tense in the indirect speech statement often changes. Simple Past Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Direct Speech Indirect Speech Simple Present Present Progressive Simple Past Tense Present Perfect
22. Indirect Speech Modals often change in indirect speech. would could might had to Direct Speech Indirect Speech will can may must
23. Indirect Speech The following modals do not change in indirect speech: should, could, might, and ought to. “ You shouldn’t tell this secret to anyone.” She said I shouldn’t tell this secret to anyone. “ You ought to tell this to a friend.” ! He said I ought to tell this to a friend.
24. Indirect Speech “ I could have gotten help from a tutor.” He said he could have gotten help from a tutor. He said if he had studied, he would have gotten an A. “ I thought I had chosen the easy teacher.” “ If I had studied, I would have gotten an A.” He said he thought he had chosen the easy teacher. The following do not change in indirect speech: the past perfect, the present and past unreal conditional, and past modals.
25. Indirect Yes / No Questions Whether is more formal than if . We often use whether or not to report yes/no questions. The new guy asked whether or not he could take a break. “ Can I take a break?”
26. Wh - Questions The new guy asked when the next office party was. He also asked how many copies he could make. Use question words in indirect wh- questions . “ How many copies can I make?” “ When is the next office party?”
27. Word Order Use statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order, for indirect yes/no questions. He asked me if I could turn off the fax machine. “ Can you turn off the fax machine?”
28. Word Order Use statement word order (subject + verb), not question word order, for indirect wh- questions about the predicate (usually the last part of the sentence). He asked why the meetings lasted so long. “ Why do the meetings last so long?”
29. Auxiliaries He asked me do I have any new video games. In indirect questions, do not use the auxiliary do, does, or did. any new video games. if I had “ Do you have any new video games?”
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31. Bibliography Advanced learner center. (2000),MyEnglishTeacher.net. Retrieved June 13 th , 2011, from http://www.myenglishteacher.net Fuchs, M. & Bonner, M. , Focus on Grammar 4 Pearson Education , White Plains, NY 10606, 2006 Richards, J., New Interchange 2 Cambridge University Press, 1998 Richards, J., New Interchange 3 Cambridge University Press, 1998