This document discusses renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It notes that non-renewable sources like fossil fuels will run out, while renewable sources like sunlight, wind and rain naturally replenish. The advantages of renewable energy are that it is sustainable and produces little waste, while disadvantages are difficulty generating large quantities of electricity and reliance on weather conditions. The top 5 renewable sources are then described: solar power, wind power, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and hydropower. Hydropower currently supplies about 1/3 of Pakistan's energy and has the lowest costs compared to other sources.

1. Renewable energy

2. Non-renewable energy
• Non-renewable energy comes
from sources that will run out or will not be
replenished in our lifetimes—or even in many,
many lifetimes. Most non-renewable energy
sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and
natural gas.

3. Renewable energy
• Renewable energy is energy that is collected
from renewable resources, which are
naturally replenished on a human timescale,
such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and
geothermal heat.

4. • FACTS & FIGURES Power production in
Pakistan meets its energy requirement around
29% by indigenous gas 35% by oil (approx.)
35% by hydro electricity (approx.) Coal and
nuclear contribution to energy supply is
limited to 0.16% and 2.84% respectively with a
vast potential for growth

6. The Advantages of Renewable Energy
• One major advantage with the use of
renewable energy is that as it is renewable it is
therefore sustainable and so will never run
out.
• Even more importantly, renewable energy
produces little or no waste products such as
carbon dioxide or other chemical pollutants,
so has minimal impact on the environment.

7. The Disadvantages of Renewable
Energy
• One disadvantage with renewable energy is
that it is difficult to generate the quantities of
electricity that are as large as those produced
by traditional fossil fuel generators. This may
mean that we need to reduce the amount of
energy we use or simply build more energy
facilities.

8. • Another disadvantage of renewable energy
sources is the reliability of supply. Renewable
energy often relies on the weather for its
source of power. Hydro generators need rain
to fill dams to supply flowing water. Wind
turbines need wind to turn the blades, and
solar collectors need clear skies and sunshine
to collect heat and make electricity.

9. Top 5 Types of Alternative and
Renewable Energy
1. Solar Power
2. Wind Power
3. Biomass Energy
4. Geothermal Energy
5. Hydropower

10. Solar Power

11. Solar Power
• Solar power is the conversion of energy from
sunlight into electricity, either directly using
photovoltaics (PV),

12. Photovoltaic Principle
• Simply put, a solar panel works by allowing
photons, or particles of light, to knock
electrons free from atoms, generating a flow
of electricity.

14. Interesting fact

15. Solar Power

18. Wind Energy
• Wind power is the use of air flow
through wind turbines to
mechanically power generators for electric
power.

20. Biomass energy
• Biomass fuels come from things that once
lived: wood products, dried vegetation, crop
residues, aquatic plants and even garbage.

21. Hydropower
• Moving water has kinetic energy. This can be
transferred into useful energy in different
ways. Hydroelectric power (HEP) schemes
store water high up in dams. The water
has gravitational potential energy which is
released when it falls

22. As the water rushes down through pipes, this stored
energy is transferred to kinetic energy, which turns
electricity generators

23. • the total installed hydro capacity was 6 481
MW, almost exactly one-third of total national
generating capacity.
• The total Hydropower resource in Pakistan is
estimated at about 50,000 MW

24. Price comparison
• Price comparison Hydroelectric 2.5 Rs/kWh
Natural gas 7.5 Rs/kWh Diesel/furnace oil 12
Rs/kWh IPP’s 14-18 Rs/kWh

25. • Maintenance Hydro-electric power has a
nominal repair and maintenance cost Solar
energy power has high repair and
maintenance cost Wind energy power has
high repair cost Coal energy has also nominal
repair and maintenance cost

26. • Environmental Hydro-electricpower has no
harmful effect on environment Other energy
sources such as Coal, Nuclear and gas energy
affects the environment badly by the emission
of dangerous gases and chemicals
Radioactive waste from Nuclear power plant is
dangerous for life.

27. • Availability
• Hydro-electric power uses the most abundant
resource on earth i.e. Water
• Solar energy is sunlight dependant. The
countries near the equator can utilize
maximum of it.
• Wind energy is Wind dependant.
• Coal and gas energy is resources dependant.