This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources, including solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and tidal energy. It discusses the definition, types, advantages and disadvantages of each energy source. For example, it notes that solar energy harnesses the sun's radiation through thermal or electric means, wind energy uses wind turbines to convert kinetic energy from wind into electricity, and geothermal energy utilizes heat from within the earth for applications like electricity generation and heating. The document aims to introduce readers to these important renewable alternatives to fossil fuels.

1. Renewable Energy SourcesRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
R.RAJA SHARMA
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
GNANAMANI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL

2. CONTENT
• Major Renewable Energy Sources
– Solar Energy
– Wind Energy
– Geothermal Energy
– Hydroelectricity Energy
– Biomass
– Tidal Energy

3. Renewable energy is energy which
comes from natural resources such as
sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and
geothermal heat, etc…
Introduction

4. • Renewable energy sources are normally used to produce clean
energy. This production does not lead to climate change and does not
involve emission of pollutants.
• A related term is sustainable energy: this concept refers to
generating energy with an awareness of the future.
Renewables Energy Sources

5. SOLAR ENERGY

6. Definition of Solar Energy:
• The most precise Solar Energy definition : Energy
from these solar radiation.
There are two types of solar energy: Thermal
Energy & Electric Energy
• Thermal Energy: Thermal Energy is everywhere. It’s
lights up our days. It heats the earth, our bodies and
our homes. It dries our clothes . All for free!
• Electric Energy: Electric Energy uses the power of
the sun to produce electricity through solar cells,
otherwise known as Photovoltaics (PV).

7. The following table shows the amount of carbon
and sulphur deposited in the atmosphere
S. No Activity
Amount deposited in the
atmosphere
1. Human Vehicle, Waste product etc 8 billion tones
2. Fossil fuels 6.5 million tones
3. Deforestation and forest firing 1.5 million tones
At present so many alternative fuels have been developed, still they are able to
meet only a small proportion of our actual demand .
Importance of Solar Energy

8. Advantages:
Saves you money:
• After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is
practically FREE.
Environment friendly:
• Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas, oil and coal), sustainable and
helping to protect our environment.
• As we see previously ,it does no pollute air.
• Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain or
smog. It actively contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas
emissions.
Low/ no maintenance:
• Solar Energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last for decades.
• More solar panels can easily be added in the future when your family's needs
grow.

9. Disadvantages:
• The initial cost is the main disadvantage of installing a
solar energy system, largely because of the high cost of
the semi-conducting materials used in building one.
• The cost of solar energy is also high compared to non-
renewable utility-supplied electricity.
• Solar panels require quite a large area for installation
to achieve a good level of efficiency.
• The production of solar energy is influenced by the
presence of clouds or pollution in the air.
• As far as solar powered cars go - their slower speed
might not appeal to everyone caught up in today's rat
race.

10. Applications Of Solar Energy
• Solar Cooker
• Solar Water
Heater
• Solar
Photovoltaic
• Solar Water
Pumps

11. Wind energy

12. Electrical energy obtained from harnessing the wind
with wind mills or wind turbines.
Wind turbines and wind mills are used to convert wind
energy into useful form.
A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines used for
generating electricity.
Wind Energy:

13. Wind in action:
When wind strikes an object, it exerts a force in an attempt to move it out
of the way. Some of the winds’ energy is transferred to the object, in this
case the windmill, causing it to move.
History of Wind usage:
 one of the earliest energy resources.
Recorded in history, first to power boats
and grind grain, later to pump water, press
oil, saw lumber and make paper.
Windmills were mentioned at the
beginning of Islamic civilization (7th century).
Windmills were developed in Persia and
used paddles made of bundled reeds.
Egyptians may have been the first to go up
the Nile river around 4th century B.C,
powered by wind.
Ancient Chinese used vertical axis
windmills to grind grain and pump water.
Windmills were introduced to Europe by
the crusaders around 1300 A.D
*windmills used for pumping water.
Wind Today!!!
Windmills are used for pumping
water from deep underground.
Modern wind turbine is the result of
design and material advances made
during the 1980s and 1990s, which
enabled wind turbines to become
increasingly efficient.
Today, wind turbines are size same
as the traditional European windmill.
It can generate 250 to 300 kilowatts of
power- a nearly tenfold increase in
efficiency.

14. Advantages and Disadvantages???
Advantages:
No pollution.
Lowest prices renewable resources
Don’t produce atmospheric
emissions that cause acid rains and
green house effects.
Disadvantages:
Depending on how energetic a wind site is, the wind
farm may or may not be cost competitive.
Wind energy cannot be stored (unless batteries are
used)
Good wind sites are often located in remote locations.
sometimes birds have been killed by flying into the
rotors

15. London Array
[Worlds largest shore wind farm]
Applications Of Wind Energy
 Utility interconnected wind turbines generate power.
 selling the excess power back to the electric company.
 Wind turbines for remote homes (off the grid) generate DC
current for battery charging.
 Wind turbines for remote water pumping generate 3 phase
AC current suitable for driving
 An electrical submersible pump directly. Wind turbines
suitable for residential or village scale wind power range
from 500 Watts to 50 kilowatts.

16. Geothermal Energy
--- A renewable energy source for
electricity generation …

17. What is Geo thermal?
 Geothermal comes from the Greek words Ge (earth) and
thermos (hot).
 Thus, geothermal energy means heat inside the earth.
 The inside of the earth is very hot.
 We can use this heat to warm our houses and produce
electricity.

18. At the center is a core of molten
iron.
Around that is an outer core of iron
and rock so hot that rock is in
molted state.
The liquid rock is called magma.
The next layer is a mixture of rock
and magma called the mantle.
The shell of the earth – with the
oceans and mountains - is called
the crust.
The Earth Is Made of
Layers

19. Geothermal Energy:
The deeper you go, the hotter it is !!!
It’s simply the heat energy of
the earth, generated by various
natural processes, such as:
1. heat from when the planet formed
and accreted, which has not yet been
lost
2.decay of radioactive elements
3.friction

20. Geothermal Reservoirs
 Reservoirs can be suspected in the areas where we find :-
Geyser
Boiling mud pot
Volcano
Hot springs
 Reservoirs can be discovered by
 testing the soil
 analyzing underground
temperature.

21. Advantages:
 Available all the year
around.
 Does not involve any
combustion of fuel.
 Independent of weather
 Overall, geothermal
energy is a sustainable
resource.
 Not widespread source of
energy
 High installation costs
 Can run out of steam
 May release harmful gases
 Transportation
 Earthquakes

22. Applications Of Geothermal
Energy
• Aquaculture and horticulture
• Industry and agriculture
• Food Processing
• Providing heat for residential
use
• Electricity generation

24.  Flowing water to create energy, that can be capture
turned into electricity. This is called hydro electric
power or hydro power.
 The most common type of electric power plants
users a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir.
Hydro electric power:

25. Hydro Electric power:
 Hydropower is a renewable, non-polluting and
environment friendly source of energy.
 Oldest energy technique known to mankind for
conversion of mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
 Contributes around 22% of the world electricity
supply generated.
 Maximum benefits in minimum time.
 Due to less transmission losses there is a
reduction in distribution cost as well.

26. HYDROELECRTICITY
HYDROELECTRICITY is a form of Electricity which is
produced by water power. For eg: DAMS…
ADVANTAGES:
1. Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant
rate.
2 . The lake's water can be used for irrigation purposes.
DISADVANATGES:
1. Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very
high standard.
2.The flooding of large areas of land means that the natural environment is
destroyed.

27. Anaerobic digestion & Regenerative Thermal Oxidiser component of Lubeck Mechanical
Biological Treatment plant in Germany, 2007
Biomass Energy

28. • Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived
from biological sources.
• Biomass continues to account for an estimated 1/3rd of primary energy
use, while in the poorest counties up to 90% of all energy is supplied
by biomass
• Biomass energy is a renewable sources of fuel to produce energy,
because waste residues will always exists interms scrap wood, mill
residuals and forest resources.
Biomass Energy
• Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived
from biological sources.
• Biomass continues to account for an estimated 1/3rd of primary energy
use, while in the poorest counties up to 90% of all energy is supplied
by biomass.
• Biomass energy is a renewable sources of fuel to produce energy,
because waste residues will always exists interms scrap wood,
mill residuals and forest resources.
BIOMASS ENERGY

29. Present State of Biomass Energy
in India
• 3,500 MW of power generation through biogases based co-
generation in sugar mills.
• 537 MW has so far been commissioned
• 536 MW is under installation

30. Typical composition of biogas
Matter %
Methane, CH4 50-75
Carbon dioxide, CO2 25-50
Nitrogen, N2 0-10
Hydrogen, H2 0-1
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S 0-3
Oxygen, O2 0-

31. Advantages
• Economic development opportunities in rural areas
• Improve fertility of soil and Reduces landfills
• Protects clean water supplies
• Reduces acid rain and smog
• It is dispersed and land intensive as a source
• It is often of low energy density
• It is labour intensive and the cost of collecting large quantities for
commercial application is significant

33. Tidal Energy
• Millions of gallons of water flow onto shore during tidal
flows and away from shore during ebb (move away from
the land) tide periods.
• The larger the tidal influence, the greater the
displacement of water and therefore the more potential
energy that can be harvested during power generation.

34. Types of Tides
• Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels due to combined
effect
of the Moon , the Sun and rotation of the Earth.

35. • Tidal energy is one of many forms of hydropower
generation.
• Tidal power has many advantages as compared to
other forms of renewable energy.
– It is predictable
– Global Climate Change should only increase its
generating capacity due to higher ocean levels.
– It is completely carbon neutral like wind or
hydro energy.

36. Advantages:
• It produces no greenhouse gases it needs no fuel.
• Not expensive to maintain.
• Tidal energy has an efficiency of 80% in converting
the potential energy of water into electricity
• Vertical-axis tidal generators may be joined together in
series to create a ‘tidal fence’ capable of generating
electricity.

37. Disadvantages:
• A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to
build.
• The environment is changed for many miles
upstream and downstream.
• When the tide is actually moving in or out, which
is not very much.
• Tidal power schemes have a high capital cost.

38. Applications Of Tidal
Energy
• Tidal Electricity
• Grain Mills
• Energy Storage
• Provide Protection to Coast
in High Storms