This document discusses various clean energy sources including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, tidal, and hydrogen. It provides details on how solar cells and solar inverters convert sunlight to electricity. It describes how wind turbines use lift and drag from wind to spin a generator. It also discusses using batteries like lithium batteries to store renewable energy and power electric vehicles. The document emphasizes that renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro are sustainable with low carbon emissions.

1. ELECTRICITY CLEAN ENERGY
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2. Clean energy
Content:
1. Solar Cell & Solar
Inverter
2. Windmill Turbine
Generator & Deep
Cycle Lithium Batteries
LiFePO4
3. Sustainable
4. Low Carbon emission
5. Thermo power
6. Hydrogen Cells
7. Electric vehicles

3. Clean energy
• Photovoltaic (PV) is the
conversion of light into electricity
using semiconducting
materials that exhibit
the photovoltaic effect,
• After hydro and wind powers, PV
is the third renewable energy
source in terms of global capacity.
• Photovoltaic power is also
generated during a time of day
that is close to peak demand
(precedes it) in electricity systems
with high use of air conditioning

4. Clean energy
• SOLAR CELL is a photovoltaic
system DC (direct current)
• solar inverter converts the
variable (DC) output of
a photovoltaic solar panel into
a utility frequency alternating
current (AC) that can be fed into a
commercial electrical grid or used
by a local, off-grid electrical
network
• Solar power is complicated due to
changes in seasons and from day
to night. Cloud cover can also add
to complications of solar energy,
and not all radiation from the sun
reaches earth because it is
absorbed and dispersed due to
clouds and gases within the
earth's atmospheres.

5. Clean energy
• Voltage
• Phase converters are not
transformers. Unless a
transformer is included in the
system, outgoing 3-phase voltage
will equal the incoming single-
phase supply voltage. Therefore,
a transformer may be required to
match the supply voltage
required for the 3-phase
application.
• One Sun hr or electromagnetic
radiation produces 1 kwh/m2

6. Clean energy
Windmill Turbine Power
• We have to assume that all
turbines in a particular grid cell
are driven by the mean wind
speed in that grid cell
• The difference in air pressure
across the two side of the blade
• Creates both lift and drag. The
force of the lift is stronger than
the drag and this causes the rotor
to spin. This is connected to the
generator creating electricity
• integrating momentum over the
entire rotor disk at the equivalent
wind speed
• Wind speed range is optimal
between 55 and 75 kmh; higher
speed create mechanical problem
and lower speed reduce capacity
by a factor of 8

7. Clean energy
• Wind turbines rated at 1.5
megawatts/year have an
efficiency rate of 33% or 0.5 due
to wind availability
• Deep cycle batteries in Amp hrs
of storage can not be discharged
more than 50% of its capacity
• LiFePO4 batteries have a long
cycle life 12 v, 24, 48 v dc by 5 yrs
and can be discharged up to 80%
• They can be connected to solar
cells or wind turbines

8. CLEAN ENERGY
• SUSTAINABLE
• In general, renewable energy
sources such as solar
energy, wind energy, geothermal
energy, and tidal energy, are
widely considered to be
sustainable energy sources.
• The organizing principle for
sustainability is sustainable
development, which includes the
four interconnected domains:
ecology, economics, politics and
culture
• LOW CARBON CONTENT
• criteria include greenhouse gas
emissions, impact on biodiversity,
and the production of hazardous
waste and toxic emissions.
• hydroelectric plants are clean and
have few emissions

9. Clean energy
• Geothermal energy can be
harnessed to for electricity
generation and for heating.
Technologies in use include dry
steam power stations, flash
steam power stations and binary
cycle power stations
• biomass can either be burned to
produce heat and to generate
electricity, or converted to
various forms of biofuel

10. Clean energy
• tidal power was installed in the
narrows of Strangfor Lough in
Northern Ireland, UK. The 1.2
MW underwater tidal electricity
generator takes advantage of the
fast tidal flow in the lough which
can be up to 4m/s. Although the
generator is powerful enough to
power up to a thousand homes,
the turbine has minimal
environmental impact, as it is
almost entirely submerged, and
the rotors turn slowly enough
that they pose no danger
to wildlife
In a pumped-storage hydroelectricity facility,
water is pumped uphill electricity generation
exceeds demand. The water is later released
to generate hydroelectricity.

11. Clean energy
• Hydrogen is useful for energy
storage, and for use in airplanes
and ships, but is not practical for
automobile use, as it is not very
efficient, compared to using a
battery
• Hydrogen is the simplest element.
An atom of hydrogen consists of
only one proton and one electron.
It's also the most plentiful element
in the universe. Despite its
simplicity and abundance,
hydrogen doesn't occur naturally as
a gas on the Earth - it's always
combined with other elements
• According to Elon Musk, solar
makes the most sense for large-
scale deployment, because the sun
is essentially a giant fusion reactor
in the sky; you only need about 100
miles by 100 miles of solar panels
to power the entire United States.
The batteries you need to store the
energy, so you have 24/7 power, is
1 mile by 1 mile. One square-
mile,” he said.

12. Clean energy
• Electric vehicles
• PV has traditionally been used for
electric power in space. PV is rarely
used to provide motive power in
transport applications, but is being used
increasingly to provide auxiliary power
in boats and cars. Some automobiles
are fitted with solar-powered air
conditioning to limit interior
temperatures on hot days.A self-
contained solar vehicle would have
limited power and utility, but a solar-
charged electric vehicle allows use of
solar power for transportation. Solar-
powered cars, boatsand airplanes have
been demonstrated, with the most
practical and likely of these being solar
cars

13. Thank You
L | C | LOGISTICS
Plant Manufacturing and building facilities equipment
Engineering-Book
ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS AND HOW IT WORKS
ELECTRICITY CLEAN ENERGY