This document discusses various non-conventional sources of energy, including wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, biomass, and nuclear energy. It provides details on each type of non-conventional energy source, such as how they work, examples of their use, available potential and production in countries like India. The document emphasizes that non-conventional sources are renewable, non-polluting alternatives to conventional sources of energy.

1. Non-conventional
Sources
of
Energy

2. What is Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
• Energy generated by using wind,
tides, solar, geothermal heat, and
biomass including farm and animal
waste as well as human excreta is
known as non-conventional energy.
• All these sources are renewable or
inexhaustible and do not cause
environmental pollution. More over
they do not require heavy
expenditure.

3. Types of Non-Conventional Source of Energy
Wind Energy
 Tidal Energy
 Solar Energy
Geo-Thermal Energy
 Energy from Biomass
Nuclear Energy

4. Wind Energy
• Wind power is harnessed by
setting up a windmill which is
used for pumping water, grinding
grain and generating electricity.
• The gross wind power potential
of India is estimated to be about
20,000 MW, wind power projects
of 970 MW capacities were
installed till March. 1998.
• Areas with constantly high speed
preferably above 20 km per hour
are well-suited for harnessing
wind energy.

5. Wind Energy Contd…
• India has wind energy potential in only six states i.e. Tamil
Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and
Andhra Pradesh. Other states have no or very less wind
energy potential
• Tamil Nadu is in first place in Wind Energy production in
India.
• State-wise Wind Energy Installed Capacity is given below
State Installed Capacity (in MW)
Tamil Nadu 7154
Maharashtra 2976
Gujarat 3114
Karnataka 2113
Rajasthan 2355

6. Tidal energy
• Sea water keeps on rising and falling
alternatively twice a day under the
influence of gravitational pull of
moon and sun.
• This phenomenon is known as tides.
It is estimated that India possesses
8000-9000 MW of tidal energy
potential.
• The Gulf of Kutch is best suited for
tidal energy.

7. Tidal energy Contd…
• Presently costly
Disadvantages
• Expensive to build and maintain
• A 1085MW facility could cost as much as 1.2 billion dollars to
construct and run
• Connection to the grid
• Technology is not fully developed
• Barrage style only produces energy for about 10 hours out of the day
Advantages
• No pollution
• Renewable resource
• More efficient than wind because of the density of water
• Predictable source of energy vs. wind and solar
• Second generation has very few disadvantages
• Does not affect wildlife
• Does not affect silt deposits
• Less costly – both in building and maintenance

8. Solar Energy
• Sun is the source of all energy on the
earth. It is most abundant,
inexhaustible and universal source of
energy.
• AH other sources of energy draw
their strength from the sun.
• India is blessed with plenty of solar
energy because most parts of the
country receive bright sunshine
throughout the year except a brief
monsoon period.
• India has developed technology to
use solar energy for cooking, water
heating, water dissimilation, space
heating, crop drying etc.

9. Solar Energy Contd…
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
• All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the
thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while
only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.
• Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30
days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent
of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and
unused!
Disadvantages
• Sun does not shine consistently
• Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must
concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such
as heat and electricity.
• Addressed by approaching the problem through:
1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.

10. Solar Energy Contd…
How does a Solar Panel work

11. Geo-Thermal Energy
• Geothermal energy is thermal
energy generated and stored in the
Earth.
• Thermal energy is the energy that
determines the temperature of matter.
• The geothermal energy of the
Earth's crust originates from the original
formation of the planet (20%) and
from radioactive decay of minerals
(80%).
• From hot springs, geothermal energy
has been used for bathing
since Paleolithic times and for space
heating since ancient Roman times, but
it is now better known for electricity
generation.

12. Energy from Biomass
• Biomass is biological material derived from
living, or recently living organisms. It most
often refers to plants or plant-based
materials which are specifically
called lignocellulose biomass.
• As an energy source, biomass can either be
used directly via combustion to produce
heat, or indirectly after converting it to
various forms of biofuel.
• Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be
achieved by different methods which are
broadly classified into: thermal, chemical,
and biochemical methods.
• Wood remains the largest biomass energy
source to date; examples include forest
residues (such as dead trees, branches
and tree stumps), yard clippings, wood chips
and even municipal solid waste.

13. Nuclear Energy
• Nuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use
of exothermic nuclear processes, to generate
useful heat and electricity.
• The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear
decay and nuclear fusion. Along with other
sustainable energy sources, nuclear power is
a low carbon power generation method of
producing electricity, with an analysis of the
literature on its total life cycle emission
intensity finding that it is similar to other
renewable sources in a comparison of
greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions per unit of
energy generated.
• Along with other sustainable energy sources,
nuclear power is a low carbon power
generation method of producing electricity, with
an analysis of the literature on its total life
cycle emission intensity finding that it is similar
to other renewable sources in a comparison of
greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions per unit of
energy generated.

14. Nuclear Energy Contd
Worldwide Nuclear Power Reactors
• There are 440 nuclear power reactors in 31 countries.
• 30 more are under construction.
• They account for 16% of the world’s electricity.
• They produce a total of 351 gigawatts (billion watts) of
electricity.

15. Nuclear Energy Contd
Nuclear Electricity Production by Countries and Regions in
Gigawatts (World Total 350 Gigawatts) and percent of
electricity
US 97 Trend: declining
North America Region 109
France 63 Increasing
Germany 21 Being phased out
U. K. 12
Western Europe Region 126
Japan 44 Increasing
Asia Region 66 Increasing
Eastern Europe Region 11
Former Soviet U. Region 34

16. Nuclear Energy Contd
Now Let us a watch a video on How does a
Nuclear Reactor work

17. Conclusion
We have now learnt the uses of Non-conventional
sources energy. It is found to be
more useful in the modern age and especially
Wind Energy and Solar Energy is getting
popular in India.
In fact Government is also promoting the
generation and use of these energy and
provide subsidy and tax benefits.
Hence we, as a citizen of India take oath to
use more of these kind of energy to save our
future and the Nation.