Renal cancer, also known as kidney cancer, develops from the cells lining the kidneys. Common risk factors include long term use of pain killers, smoking, and exposure to chemicals. Symptoms include blood in the urine, back pain, weight loss, and pain during urination. Renal cancer is staged based on how far it has spread, from stage I where it is confined to the kidney to stage IV where it has metastasized to other organs. Diagnostic tests include urinalysis, CT/MRI scans, and biopsy. Treatment options include surgery to remove the kidney and surrounding tissue, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapies.
Bladder injuries may result from blunt,Penetrating and Iatrogenic trauma.
Full bladder is more susceptible to injury than empty bladder.
Management varies from conservative to surgical aiming to directly repair the injury.
Bladder injuries may result from blunt,Penetrating and Iatrogenic trauma.
Full bladder is more susceptible to injury than empty bladder.
Management varies from conservative to surgical aiming to directly repair the injury.
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tractDhanya Raghu
CAKUT are a group of phenotypically diverse structural malformations characterized by defects in renal and urinary tract development.
Nearly half of children who develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have asymmetric, irregularly shaped kidneys, often referred to as bilateral renal scarring and frequently associated with lower urinary tract anomalies, including vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Congenitally abnormal kidneys may be large or small, cystic or irregular in outline, and absent or misplaced.
Adrenal tumor, classification, management - easy explanationSwatilekha Das
Adrenal tumor- topic for B.Sc Nursing Students, GNM Students
definition
classification
clinical manifestations
treatment
easy explanation for nursing students
The Objectives :-
1- Introduction to UB tumor.
2-Sings and Symptoms of UB tumor.
3-Types and classification of UB tumor.
4-Stages of UB tumor.
5-Radiological finding of UB tumor
Please find the power point on Urinary Tract Injury (Kidney Injury). I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tractDhanya Raghu
CAKUT are a group of phenotypically diverse structural malformations characterized by defects in renal and urinary tract development.
Nearly half of children who develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have asymmetric, irregularly shaped kidneys, often referred to as bilateral renal scarring and frequently associated with lower urinary tract anomalies, including vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Congenitally abnormal kidneys may be large or small, cystic or irregular in outline, and absent or misplaced.
Adrenal tumor, classification, management - easy explanationSwatilekha Das
Adrenal tumor- topic for B.Sc Nursing Students, GNM Students
definition
classification
clinical manifestations
treatment
easy explanation for nursing students
The Objectives :-
1- Introduction to UB tumor.
2-Sings and Symptoms of UB tumor.
3-Types and classification of UB tumor.
4-Stages of UB tumor.
5-Radiological finding of UB tumor
Please find the power point on Urinary Tract Injury (Kidney Injury). I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
GALLBLADDER CANCER UNDERSTANDING THE DISEASE AND TREATMENT OPTIONS AVAILABLE....Lovina Kapoor
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ in the upper right side of the abdomen below the liver. Its prime function is to store and deliver bile (a fluid secreted by liver to digest fats).
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Risk factors for prostate cancer including increasing age, the incidence of prostate cancer increase rapidly after the age of 50 years. And more than 70% cases occur in men older than 65 year of age.
Prostate cancer or tumor is the most common cancer in men other than non-melanoma skin cancer.
The majority (more than 75%) of cases occur in men over age 65.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor of the prostate gland.
breast cancer is the malignent condition of breast and it is the 2nd most common cancer in females with needs to be special attention as it its a very private things for female for early detection and its treatment, and provide a brief knowledge regarding breast cancer to all the nursing students and for their application in their c
early detection helps ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. • Carcinoma is defined as uncontrolled growth of cells lining
the kidneys and collecting duct, ureter.
• This occurs because of the loss in ability of the body’s
immune system to destroy the cancerous cells, due to their
rapid growth a mass of these cancerous cells aggregate to
form a lump which is identified as tumor these tumors may
or may not be invasive.
• If the formation of tumor is observed in urine collection
system then it is supposed to be renal carcinoma which is
most un common but more often observed in male than in
female.
3. Etiology
• Analgesic (long term usage of pain killers which contain
phenacetin, cocaine etc.
• Tobacco smoking.
• Chemical due to over exposure to chemicals used in
manufacturing of leather goods, plastic, textiles, and rubber.
• Genetic factor may also be a reason for cancer.
• Continuous exposure to heavy metals, dyes, petro chemicals,
coal, tar, asphalt.
• Patients with a history of cancer
• Congenital anomalies in children and infants.
• Sometimes lymphoma and sarcoma in the surrounding areas
may lead to cancer.
4. Signs and symptoms
• Hematuria (blood in urine).
• Persistent back pain.
• Fatigue (loss of consciousness).
• Sudden and unexplained weight loss.
• Nocturia (frequent urination at night).
• Dysuria (feeling of pain, burning or discomfort upon urination).
• Flank pain (pain in upper back or pain in onside of the body between the
upper belly area (abdomen) and the back).
• Dyspareunia (pain during sexual inter course due to medical or physiological
causes).
• Loss of urinary retention.
• Tiredness.
• Anorexia (loss of appetite).
• Hydronephrosis (condition where urine is up held in kidney or ureter).
5. Stages of Cancer
Stage I
• Cancer has formed and has spread from the tissue lining the inside
of the renal pelvis or ureter to the connective tissue layer.
Stage II
• Cancer has spread to the muscle layer of the renal pelvis or ureter.
Stage III
• Cancer has spread rom the muscle layer of the renal pelvis to fat
around the renal pelvis or to tissue in the kidney; or from the
muscle layer of the ureter to fat around the ureter.
Stage IV
• Cancer has spread to at least one of the following:
• a nearby organ.
• the layer of fat around the kidney.
• lymph nodes.
• other parts of the body, such as the lung, liver, or bone.
6.
7. Cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter is also
described as :
• Localized: The cancer is found only in the kidney.
• Regional: The cancer has spread to tissues around
the kidney and to nearby lymph nodes and blood vessels in
the pelvis.
• Metastatic: The cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
8. Diagnostic tests
• History collection and
physical examination
• Urinalysis
• Ureteroscopy
• USG
• CT scan/MRI
• Biopsy
• PET Scan
• Bone scan
9. Treatment
• Nephroureterectomy: Nephroureterectomy is a surgical
technique involving the surgical removal of entire kidney
along with ureter and bladder or only kidney and ureter
irrespective of bladder
• Radiotherapy: Radiation therapy in the treatment of
ureteral cancer usually uses high powered X-rays, seeds or
some radioactive material to shrink or destroy the tumor
• Diathermy: Microwave diathermy uses radiation of high
frequency and short wave length similar to those used in
microwave ovens
10. • Laser surgery: A laser beam (narrow beam of intense light)
is used as a knife to remove the cancer. A laser beam can also
be used to kill the cancer cells. This procedure may also be
called or laser fulguration.
• Chemotherapy: Gemcitabine+ cisplatin.
Methotrexate+ vinblastine+ doxorubicin+ cisplatin.
• Segmental resection: It is also a type of surgical method
which involves the removal of specific effected area in
the body which may be by opening the part of the body
or by laparoscopic techniques.
12. Risk factors
• Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being
female,
• Obesity,
• Lack of physical exercise,
• Drinking alcohol
• Hormone replacement therapy during menopause,
• Ionizing radiation,
• Early age at first menstruation,
• Prior history of breast cancer,
• Family history.
13. Signs
• Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast,
• A change in breast shape,
• Dimpling of the skin,
• Fluid coming from the nipple,
• A newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin
14. Diagnostic test
• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• Breast self
examination
• Mammography
• FNAC
15. Medical mgt
• The selective estrogen receptor modulators (such as
tamoxifen)
16. Surgery
• Mastectomy: Removal of the whole breast.
• Quadrantectomy: Removal of one-quarter of the breast.
• Lumpectomy: Removal of a small part of the breast.
• Radical Mastectomy: Removal of breast tissue, chest
muscle and axillary lymph nodes.
17. References
• Silva AAA, Rodrigues AG, da Silva AA, Silva CAA (2016)
Functional and Morphostructural Evaluation of the Kidneys of
Wistar Rats after the Use of a Protein-Based Food Supplement.
J Nephrol Ther 6: 270.
• Shulkina SG, Smirnova EN, Trushin MV (2016) Interrelation of
Adipokines with Functional State of Kidneys in Patients with
Metabolic Syndrome. Biol Med (Aligarh) 8: 360.
• Kabat-Koperska J, Kolasa-Wolosiuk A, Baranowska-Bosiacka I,
Safranow K, Kosik-Bogacka D, et al. (2015) Influence of
Intrauterine Exposure to Safe and Contraindicated
Immunosuppressive Drugs In Combinations during Pregnancy
on Morphology and Function of Kidneys in Juvenile Wistar
Rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol 5: 196.