The Renaissance and Reformation (1350-1600)  Spirit of the Renaissance  Arts and Literature of the Renaissance  Changing Patterns of Life  Beginnings of the Protestant Reformation  Further Challenges to the Catholic Church

1. LESSON 3:
RENAISSANCE AND
REFORMATION

2. Renaissance
 Is a French word meaning “rebirth”. Renaissance
was both worldly and religious age.
Reformation
 Reformation, also called Protestant Reformation, the
religious revolution that took place in the Western
church in the 16th century.

3. Spirit of Renaissance
 The Renaissance began
first in the city-states of
Northern Italy, later it
spread to Northern
Europe.

4. The Italian City-States
 At the time of the Renaissance Italy was governed
by a number of powerful city-states. These were
some of the largest and richest cities in all of
Europe. Some of the more important city-states
included Florence, Milan, Venice, Naples, and Rome.

5.  Giovani de’ Medici he was an Italian banker who
owned the Medici Bank

6. Interesting Facts about the Italian City-States of the
Renaissance
 Guilds were powerful institutions in the city-states. In some
city-states you had to be a member of a guild to run for
public office.
 Most of the people who lived in the city-states were
craftsmen and merchants. This was a growing class of
society during the Renaissance.
 Milan, Naples, and Florence signed a peace treaty called
the Peace of Lodi in 1454. This helped to establish
boundaries and peace for around 30 years.

7. Study of the Humanities
 Italian city-states developed a renewed interest in
education, especially in the learning of Ancient
Greece and Rome.
 Studia Humanitatis or the study of humanities. The
humanities included the subjects taught in ancient
Greek and Roman schools such as grammar,
rhetoric, poetry, and history.

8. Recovering the Classics
 Francesco Petrarch was an
early Renaissance humanist
from Florence. He was a great
collector of manuscripts and he
was also dubbed as the
“Father of Humanism” because
of his devotion or loyalty to
Greek and Roman scrolls.

9. Handbooks for Proper Behavior
 The Prince
The Prince is a 16th-century
political treatise written by
Italian diplomat and political
theorist Niccolò Machiavelli as
an instruction guide for new
princes and royals.

10.  The Book of Courtier
written by Baldassare
Castiglione between 1513
and 1524. Essentially,
this book tells a gentleman
how to act. It is a mix of the
chivalrous ideals of the
medieval knight and the
educational program of the
humanists.

11. The Renaissance of Northern Europe
 In northern Europe and Spain, they took a different
form. For one thing, feudalism with its traditions of
knighthood and chivalry was stronger in northern
Europe than Italy. Therefore, kings, queens, and
nobles, rather than merchants and bankers were the
chief patrons of the arts.

12. Art and Literature of the Renaissance
Classical Influence
 During the Renaissance, artists returned to Classical
principles of Greek and Roman art. The Greeks
focuses on harmony, and balance in nature while the
Romans emphasized realism.

13.  Donato di Niccolò di Betto
Bardi or also known as
Donatello was an Italian
sculptor of the Renaissance.
He was one of the greatest
Italian Renaissance
artists, especially for his
sculptures in marble, bronze,
and wood.

14.  Statue of David

15.  Michelangelo Buonarroti
known simply as
Michelangelo he was an
Italian sculptor, painter,
architect and poet of the
High Renaissance born in
the Republic of Florence,
who exerted an
unparalleled influence on
the development of
Western art.

16.  St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome

17. New Techniques in Art
 Used shadings of dark and light to add a feeling
of space to the paintings
 Developed rules of perspective to give paintings an
even more realistic look, such as three dimensional
paintings
 Tempera Paints

18. Great Italian Artists
 Leonardo da Vinci
he achieved the Renaissance
goal of doing many things
and excelling in all. Sadly
much of Leonardo’s work has
been lost and only 15 of his
masterpiece survived
including The Last Supper
and the Mona Lisa.

19.  Mona Lisa Last Supper

20.  Michelangelo
like Leonardo, Michelangelo
had many talents. He
considered himself first and
foremost a sculptor, but he
was also an accomplished
musician, poet, painter, and
architect.

21.  Michelangelo’s Statue of David and Moses

22.  Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

23.  Raphael Santi
he was a skillful painter
whose work was
influenced by Leonardo
and Michelangelo.

24.  Madonna or mother of Jesus, and the infant Jesus

25. Artists of Northern Europe
 Flemish Painters
 Jan Van Eyck
was a Netherlandish Renaissance painter who was famous in
his own lifetime for his mastery of oil painting, colouring,
naturalistic scenes, and eye for detail.
 Pieter Bruegel
Bruegel was the most important Flemish painter of the 16th
century. He was a key player in the northern Renaissance,
where the art was quirkier and more secular but no less
pathbreaking than in the better-known south.

26. Renaissance Writers
 Giovanni Bocaccio
was an Italian writer, poet,
correspondent of Petrarch, and
an important Renaissance
humanist. He was known par
excellence as the Certaldese,
and one of the most important
figures in the European literary
panorama of the fourteenth
century.

27.  Decameron
The Decameron was written
by Giovanni Boccaccio, an
Italian writer who lived from
1313-1375. It is the story of
seven young women and
three men who flee the city
to go to the countryside to
escape the deadly effects of
the Black Plague, which was
tearing through Italy at that
time.

28.  François Rabelais
was a French Renaissance
writer, physician,
Renaissance humanist, monk
and Greek scholar. He has
historically been regarded
as a writer of satire, the
grotesque, bawdy jokes,
and songs.

29.  Gargantua and Pantagruel
are the most famous giants in
European literature. Large,
strong, high-spirited,
intelligent, progressive and
crazy about the good things in
life.

30.  Miguel de Cervantes
was a Spanish writer widely
regarded as the greatest
writer in the Spanish
language, and one of the
world's pre-eminent
novelists.

31.  Don Quixote
the novel's message is that
individuals can be right
while society is wrong was
considered radical for its
day. It's been a major
influence on Western books,
movies, and plays since
then.

32.  William Shakespeare
was an English playwright,
poet, and actor, widely
regarded as the greatest
writer in the English
language and the world's
greatest dramatist. He is
often called England's
national poet and the "Bard
of Avon".

33. The Changing Pattern of Life
The outpouring of creativity genius literature
and arts in renaissance period affects
 Few people
 Wealthy
 Wider people

34. Introduction of Printing
 Affect the Production of Book
 Good copier- Copy book by hand –Costly
 Rag and Wood
 Cotton paper - Purity, Durability and Permanence
for artist who want to create a fine arts piece that
will last
 1400's : Movable type (Metal)
 1453's : Printing Press (Metal Alloy)
 1500's-2500's : Press in Europe to make books

35. Used of paper and development in printing
affect the learning
Example:
 Religious Book
 Mining and medicine book

36. Everyday life
Medieval Period
1. Extended Family ( Manor life)
2. Business own by single Family
Renaissance Periord
1. Nuclear Family
2. Businesses ( Partnership)

37. Change in Agriculture industry result to continuing
effect of Black Death
 Bubunic Plague Yernisia pestis – bacteria

38.  Population decrease also
cause decrease in wheat and
grain
 Production of meat, fruit
cheese, diary products revolve
 Production of Cloth also
decrease

39. Women In Renaissance
 Woman occupation change a little and the woman
farm along with her man
 Woman started to work outside the world
Example:
-servant in the house of wealthy nobles
-spinners and weavers

40. - -Ran businesses
- -Can govern cities
- Example
 Isabella of spain
 Catherine de medici -widow of kinghenry
 Isabella deste

41. Beginning of the Protestant
Reformation
 Church ability to provide religious leadership lost its
confidence
 Babylonian Captivity and Greak schism hurt the
power and prestige of the church
 Christian are concernd with worldly affairs
 1500's pope Julius ll - who rebuild the St. Peter
Cathedral Rome By Indulgence
 Girolame Savonarola-attack church

42. Martin Luther
-German monk
-Study law in University of
Writtenberg In Saxuny
 He knock the Ground and says
“ St. Anne help me! He
cried out in terror" And become a
monk
 Post 95 theses

43.  Johann Tetzel
- sell Indulgence
" As soon as the coin in the coffer ring, the soul from
pirgatory springs"
 Martin luther
" The authority in bible and a person defirent own
conscience outweighed the pope authority “
 Pope Leo X
- excummunicate Martin Luther

44.  Charles V
holy roman emeperor
-the one who questioned luther berfore the assembly
 Martin Luther
-" I cannot go against my conscience, I canmot do
otherwise God help me! "

45. Luther Teaching
 Individual could achieve salvation by their own efforts
 pope is no judge of matter pertaining to God faith
and word but Christian must examine and judge for
himself
Impact of Luther Reform
 his idea won support with German people- many
people believe him
 people criticize the abuse of church

46.  Help the peasant people
 Peasant demanded rights to read Bible and choose own
minister and wanted to end feudal rent payments
 Luther support peasant demand
 Nobles stamp out the revolt and Martin Luther rejected
political revolutions
 Peasant return to catholic church
 Charles V create military champagne
 Diet of Augsburg ( the territory either catholic or Lutheran
side)
 The peace of Augsburg officially recognize the split with in
Christendom

47. Further Challenges of the Catholic
Church
The Spread of Protestant Ideas
 Ulrich Zwingli
a priest and admirer of Erasmus. he believed that a
good pastor, and a strong sense of discipline
among church members would help Christians lead
a spiritual life.
 John Calvin
he led one of the best organized Protestant
movements.

48. Henry VIII’s Quarrel with Rome
 In 1533, Henry VIII broke from the church and
married the now pregnant Anne Boleyn in a secret
ceremony. This solved his heir problem,
but Henry was excommunicated by the Pope . The
English Reformation had begun. He helped Henry to
break away from Rome, establishing Henry as head
of the Church of England.

49. The Catholic Reformation
 Counter-Reformation, also called Catholic
Reformation or Catholic Revival, in the history of
Christianity, the Roman Catholic efforts directed in the
16th and early 17th centuries both against the
Protestant Reformation and toward internal renewal. It
was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated
in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with
the Council of Trent and largely ended with the
conclusion of the European wars of religion in 1648.