2. Learning Objectives
• Describe the characteristics of the Renaissance
and understand why it began in Italy.
• Identify Renaissance artists and explain how
new ideas affected the arts of the period.
• Understand how writers of the time addressed
Renaissance themes.
• Explain the impact of the Renaissance.
The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650)
Lesson 1 The Italian Renaissance
3. The Italian Renaissance
From the 1300s to the 1500s, Western Europe
enjoyed a golden age in the arts and literature,
known as the Renaissance. The word literally
means “rebirth.” The Renaissance was a time of
great creativity and change in many areas—
economic, political, social, and above all,
cultural.
4. The Italian Renaissance
A New Worldview
- Rediscovered interest of Greek and Roman
philosophers
- Rebirth after disorder and disunity of the late
Middle Ages
- Focused on the here and now rather then the
afterlife
- Ideal Renaissance person was multi-talented
A Spirit of Adventure and Curiosity
- Exploration of Earth and Space during this time
Renaissance Humanism
- Focused on secular subjects
- Looking at the importance of humans
5. The Italian Renaissance
The growth of urban areas helped spur and encourage a renewal of culture known as the
Renaissance. This 19th century reconstruction of a 15th century painting shows Florence,
Italy, in 1490.
6. The Italian Renaissance
Analyze Charts Read the chart comparing medieval and Renaissance Europe. How were the
achievements of individuals judged in the different eras?
7. The Renaissance Begins in Italy
The Renaissance began in Italy in the mid-1300s
and later spread north to the rest of Europe. It
reached its height in the 1500s. The Renaissance
emerged in Italy for several reasons.
8. The Renaissance Begins in Italy
Italy’s History and Geography
- Looking at ancient civilizations Rome was a
great place to start
- Architecture, coins, statues, and inscriptions
served as a reminder
- Coastal cities allowed for massive trade, led to
larger cities and powerful banks
Florence and the Medicis
- Florence was a major Italian city that
supported the Renaissance
- Medici family started with banking, expanded
to manufacturing, mining and other business
ventures
Interactive
Chart
9. The Renaissance Begins in Italy
Analyze Charts Review the chart about the Medici family in Renaissance Italy. During
Lorenzo’s rule of Florence, in which years did he probably have more money to spend on the
arts?
10. Art Flourishes in the Renaissance
The Renaissance attained its most glorious
expression in its paintings, sculpture, and
architecture. Wealthy patrons played a major
role in this artistic flowering. Popes and princes,
along with successful merchants, supported the
work of hundreds of artists.
11. Art Flourishes in the Renaissance
Art Reflects New Ideas and Attitudes
- Focuses on the individual
- Produced portraits of famous figures of the
time
- Had Greek and Roman influences throughout
Renaissance Architecture
- Reused old styles of columns, arches, and
domes
The Big 3
Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
12. Art Flourishes in the Renaissance
In this painting by Italian Renaissance artist Tintoretto, Mary Magdalene anoints the feet of
Jesus. Classical columns in the background reflect the Renaissance style.
What are styles that we can think of?
13. New Books Reflect Renaissance Themes
Poets, artists, and scholars mingled with
politicians at the courts of Renaissance rulers. A
literature of “how to” books sprang up to help
ambitious men and women who wanted to rise in
the Renaissance world.
14. New Books Reflect Renaissance Themes
Castiglione’s Ideal Courtier
- Baldassare Castilgione – author of The Book of
the Courtier
- Was a “how to” book on how to gain influence
and power in the courts
Machiavelli’s Advice to Princes
- Niccolo Machiavelli – author of The Prince
- Was a foreign diplomat who worked with
foreign kings and princes
- “Ends justifies the means” in political ambition
- Caused people to look at politics differently
- Ambitious goals and power focused
15. New Books Reflect Renaissance Themes
This 1474 painting by Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna is called The Court of
Mantua. An Italian nobleman was Mantegna’s patron and commissioned art works like this.
16. The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650)
Lesson 3 The Protestant Reformation
17. Learning Objectives
• Summarize the factors that encouraged the
Protestant Reformation.
• Explain the impact of the printing press on the
Reformation.
• Analyze Martin Luther's role in shaping the
Protestant Reformation.
• Explain the teachings and impact of John
Calvin.
The Renaissance and Reformation (1300–1650)
Lesson 3 The Protestant Reformation
18. Causes of the Reformation
During the Renaissance, Christians from all levels
of society grew impatient with the corruption of
the clergy and the worldliness of the Roman
Catholic Church. In the words of one unhappy
peasant, “Instead of saving the souls of the dead
and sending them to Heaven, [the clergy] gorge
themselves at banquets after funerals . . . They
are wicked wolves! They would like to devour us
all, dead or alive.”
19. Causes of the Reformation
Abuses Within the Church
- Popes competed with secular rulers for
political power
- Popes began to live lavish lifestyles
- Increased fees for church services (marriages,
baptisms, indulgences)
Early Reformers (already have seen them)
- John Wycliffe called for reform and stop
selling indulgences
- John Hus – argued for vernacular
20. Causes of the Reformation
During the 1500s, European villages were busy places, with markets, artisan shops, and
homes. The church was the center of village life.
21. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
Protests against the Church continued to grow. In
1517, these protests erupted into a full scale
revolt. The man who triggered the revolt was a
German monk and professor of theology named
Martin Luther.
22. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg. The theses also
contained an invitation to church leaders to debate Luther on the issues raised by his theses.
The invitation was ignored.
23. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
95 Theses Challenge the Church
- Selling of indulgences in Wittenberg, Germany
to rebuild Cathedral of St. Peter set off Martin
Luther
- Created 95 Theses and posted on door
A Firestorm Begins
- 95 Theses copied and printed throughout
Europe
- Both Pope Leo X and Emperor Charles V
excommunicated and outlawed Martin Luther
after he refused to give up opinions
- Still supported by many even though it was
24. Martin Luther's Protests Bring Change
Luther’s Teachings
- Salvation could only be achieved through faith
alone
- Bible was source of all information
- Church hierarchy did not have special powers
- Five of the seven sacraments he did not agree
with
- Gained followers called Lutherans or
Protestants (protesting) depending on where
you live
Protestant Reformation
25. John Calvin Challenges the Church
In the wake of Luther’s revolt against the Church,
other reformers challenged Church authority. The
most important was John Calvin, who lived in
what is today Switzerland. Calvin had a razor-
sharp mind, and his ideas had a profound effect
on the direction of the Protestant Reformation.
26. John Calvin Challenges the Church
Calvin's Teachings
- 1536 published Institutes of the Christian
Religion, set forth beliefs and organization
- Set up Protestant Theocracy in Geneva,
Switzerland
- Individuals traveled from all over Europe to
observe Geneva and recreate
Calvinist Ideas Spread
- By late 1500s Calvinism had spread to
Germany, France, England, Scotland, and the
Netherlands.
- By this time multiple wars started between
95 These Rap
27.
28. John Calvin Challenges the Church
The Calvinist belief in simplicity is reflected in the design of this Calvinist church in
Nuremberg, Germany. No images of saints or religious leaders decorate the church, and the
preacher's pulpit is the center of focus.
