The document discusses the cultural revolution known as the Renaissance that occurred between the 15th-16th centuries in Europe. It was sparked by factors like the Black Plague, the rise of wealthy merchants and Italian city-states, and increasing interactions between cultures. Notable artists from this period include Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Universities proliferated and fields like science, philosophy and the humanities advanced. The cultural changes had impacts felt even today and helped establish foundations for the modern world.

1. CHANGING
CULTURAL
TRADITIONS

2. INDEX
1. OBJECTIVE
2.INTRODUCTION
3.MEANING OF RENAISSANCE
4.FACTORS AND CONDITIONS OF THE ERA
-THE BLACK PLAGUE
-SETTINGS AND PLACES INVOLVED
-CULTURAL CONDITIONS
-ITALIAN CITIES

3. INDEX
5.START OF A NEW ERA
-EVENTS
6.UNIVERSITIES AND HUMANITIES
7.A HUMANIST VIEW OF HISTORY
8.SCIENCE
9.PHILOSOPHY
10.CONTRIBUTIONS
-ART, ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC
-PRINTED BOOKS AND LIBRARIES

4. INDEX
11.ASPIRATIONS OF WOMEN
12.DEBATES WITHIN CHRISTIANITY
13.INDIAN RENAISSANCE
14.IMPACT OF A CULTURAL REVOLUTION
15.RELEVANCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTO GALLERY
MAP

5. OBJECTIVE
We intend to understand
· the events that took place in this age.
· the monarchy of the cities and countries in which this ensued.
· the factors responsible for the renaissance coming to pass.
· how new disciplines and fields of study sprang to existence.
· the cause of existence of universities.
· on humanities and a humanist view of knowledge and history.
· Contributions of different countries and communities to the new disciplines of science and
philosophy

6. Different causes for the renewed interest in art, architecture and music
· Creation of printed books and exchange of ideas
· Various aspirations of women
· Debates within Christianity
· The Indian renaissance
· And last, but not the least, the impact of this change in cultural traditions

7. INTRODUCTION
The shift from the medieval period to modernity is usually referred to as Renaissance.
-Explosion of ideas
-foundations of science and philosophy
-humanist principle
-ethereal pieces of art and music

8. -books and printed pamphlets
-scientific revolution
-strong catholic church ideology
-Feminism
-holy crusade wars
-Indian renaissance

9. The word Renaissance means a revival of interest in something (origin:
French). It is actually a social, cultural and political revolution that
mostly took place in European cities.
Historians usually refer to the period of the 15th- 16th century when a
sudden revival of artistical, architectural, and literature occurred. Many
factors were responsible for this.
MEANING OF RENNAISANCE

10. During this period, -common people became
more wealthy
-different cultures started
interacting
-more literate population
-church also started
commissioning works of
art and architecture
-Wealthy merchants
became patrons of artists
and musicians
-Florence, Venice, Bruges
and other northern
European cities became
the centres of this
revolution

11. FACTORS AND
CONDITIONS OF THE ERA

12. The Black
Plague
● In 1348 -1350 one of the most
devastating event happened to the
European population. It began in
Genoa and Venice.
● a number of rats made their way
down the rope line from the
trading ships and into one of the
worst time periods of the history
of humankind.
● There were three forms of the
Plague. They were Pneumonia,
Septis, and Bubonic Plague or the
Black Plague wiped out 25-million
people in a shocking turn of
events.

13. ● One in three people died, and the other
two-thirds were forever affected by the
loss of loved ones and the need for civil
reform.
● Europeans across the continent were
affected. Plague hit almost all of Italy
and France, southern Spain and
northern Africa. It was a devastating
event in time.

14. effects ● Due to the demographic decline,
the prices of food dropped and
land values declined by 30–40%
in most parts of Europe between
the years 1350 and 1400.
● For ordinary people it meant a
significant improvement. The
survivors got the benefits.
● The prices of food were cheaper
and lands were more abundant,
and many of them inherited
property from their dead
relatives.

15. Cultural conditions
● The Middle Ages were characterized by their unique socio- cultural conditions.
● Italy was not a unified area, and different political groups controlled different
Italian regions. The south was under the rule of The Kingdom of Naples, the
Republic of Florence and the Papal States (centre), the Milanese and the
Genoese (north and west respectively), and the Venetians (east).
● The region was mostly under the feudal system. Merchant Republics were also a
political force. Merchants became responsible for the continuous exchange of
ideas along with their goods.

16. START OF A NEW ERA
● Early Renaissance
● High Renaissance
● Mannerism.

17. The notable period was the high renaissance.
And some of its artists are still world famous
whose artwork has stood against the test of
time. One such artist was Leonardo Da Vinci
who was an Artist, Scientist, Mathematician
and an engineer. Several of his sketches
contain prototypes for then futuristic
machines such as airplanes. He was a man
beyond his time and has thus, forever been
immortalized through his everlasting
paintwork of Mona Lisa.

18. ● The other two notable high renaissance artists were Michelangelo and
Raphael.
● Michelangelo’s best-known work is the ceiling of Sistine chapel dated 16th
century. The design mainly comprises of nine scenes from the book of
genesis.
● This work has survived till today to be admired as one of the most beautiful
homages to God.
● Raphael admired both Da Vinci, and Michelangelo. His work combines the
artistic techniques of both the artists as well as his master, Perugino. His
works include ‘The school of Athens’ (1510- 1511) as a part of group of wall
frescoes. It sums up the products of the cultural revolution.

19. UNIVERSITIES AND HUMANITIES
European Universities were founded between 14th century to 16th century. They were created to educate classes of
lawyers, doctors, clergymen, and teachers.
Administrators of increasing bureaucracies were also were educated in universities. Large number of intellectual and
religious leaders of the Renaissance period came from universities.
Scholars also recognised the importance of universities in their writings. Professors also turned into historians for
their own universities. Universities were seen as living institutions and fitting dispensed original knowledge into
larger intellectual, political, religious, and social contexts.

20. HUMANISM
Renaissance Humanism focused on classical literature and
redefining society with new morals and goals. It didn’t have a
major religious aspect and solely emphasised on the betterment of
humankind. It involved ‘studia humanitas’ which is known as
humanities in the modern age. It includes topics such as: grammar,
history, poetry and philosophy.

21. Humanist history
Humanists believed that age before the so-called new age
was the dark ages as due to the collapse of the Roman
empire and the occupation of the so-called inferior
rulers. Yet, the new age was still largely the rule of
the church over people. Many scholars argued against
calling this period the Renaissance as it had not gained
much traction outside Europe. This period was also
characterised by the Humanists questioning the Church as
the middle men for contact with God. The church believed
that humanity was a dark and ignorant species which was
obsessed with its own vices. This clashed with the
humanist view of the idealistic, virtuous and moral
humans. This is what ultimately led to segmentation of
church Catholicism into other schools of thought.

31. Several intellectuals started
trying to combine western
modernism and Indian
traditionalism to create a truly
national identity. Raja Ravi
Varma of the Travancore court
is one such example. His
paintings show a mix of realism
and Indian imagery.
INDIAN RENAISSANCE
Rabindranath Tagore was a great
poet and writer who wrote deeply
simple spiritual poetry and
stories of the Indian world.
Munshi Premchand chose to
showcase the social prevailing
problems of the time.
Abanindranath Tagore was
heavily influenced by Chinese
spiritualism and his paintings
showcase the mystical Indian
Spirit.

32. INDIAN RENNAISANCE
Several artists created their own versions of
BHARAT MATA who was really the ancient
goddess Kali Devi. She was represented as
exploited and tortured by the British. Some
paintings showcased her as proud and
indomitable to represent her unbroken spirit.
Thus, our nationalist identity evolved as a
reaction to western ideas and traditions of
ancient Indians.

33. THE IMPACT OF A CULTURAL REVOLUTION
Many historians still argue on the existence
of renaissance. This period was characterised
major leaps in the fields of philosophy, art
and literature yet, it was also coinciding with
constant religious based wars and European
brutalities. Despite the largely optimistic
writings of old and white historians, one
cannot ignore the killings of the people
residing out of the continents. The Poor also
did not recognise much difference in their
day-to-day life as the now rich peasants and
traders competed for power amongst
themselves.
Despite their differences many current historians
agree that this period was od great importance.
We can still see echoes of this past in 21st century
in the sheer amount of beautiful artwork and
pieces of writing which has survived till now.
Politicians still read the works of great but
misunderstood Machiavelli and critics still analyse
the divine comedy, a great piece written by Dante
Alighieri who was recently referenced in the Disney
Film Coco. Foundations of many field were
established in that period thanks to Newton,
Galileo, Da Vinci and others. Science and
Philosophy found many great minds in that period.

34. The relentless persecution of the Church against its enemies ultimately
led to creation one of the most famous secret society which is rumoured
to be responsible for the French Revolution.
Much of the ideas that were proposed then still continue to define our
world. And the concept of Black Plague is now more than ever, relevant.

35. Lessons learned from renaissance
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIO

36. This project helped further our understanding on the renaissance and a largely European history.
We finally got details on what exact events took place in this age. The movement started following the black plague and led to an
explosion of ideas and thoughts. The continent moved away from feudalism and Church thanks to humanism and liberalism. We
also understood the reason of why Florence was the birthplace of the revolution: the resourceful Medicis.
New disciplines that observed, interpreted and analysed the world around us were created due to an encouraging atmosphere of new
artists, philosophers and writers. Universities existed to train the next generation in the literary arts, sciences and philosophies and
to make them functioning members of the ‘modern’ society. Women also found their voice and started fighting the good fight.
Christianity also came under scrutiny due to its liberal and humanist followers.
And The Indian renaissance also occurred as a reaction to the western foreigners’ ideas and brutal repressions.
The renaissance in the end is a pure representation of Human creativity and collaboration that has resulted in timeless monuments
which tell countless stories of ancient humans and their life.

38. PHOTO GALLERY
A GLANCE INTO THE PERIOD

43. THANK YOU
Suditi Sinha
Sohail Khan
11th B