The document discusses the Italian architect Giacomo da Vignola and his masterpieces, the Villa Farnese in Caprarola and Church of the Gesù in Rome. It then provides detailed information about the Villa Farnese, including its pentagonal plan, elaborate entry sequence, famous circular staircase, and several significant rooms decorated with detailed frescoes. The document also discusses the Renaissance styles that emerged in France during the 15th-16th centuries under three kings: Francis I, Henry II, and Louis XIII. Key architectural features of each style are identified.

1. • Architect Giacomo da Vignola
• Palazzo Farnese
• Renaissance in France

2. Giacomo da Vignola(1507 –1573)
➢ One of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism. His two great masterpieces
are the Villa Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome.
Villa Farnese at Caprarola (1560) Church of the Gesù(1575-1584)

3. Villa Farnese, Caprarola
➢ The extraordinary Villa Farnese is nestled within the slopes of the forested Cimini Mountains, near
Vico Lake.
➢ Hercules plays a significant role in the region’s mythology as the nearby Lake of Vico was believed to
have been formed by the god’s myth, a scene also depicted in one of the frescoes.
Giardini di Sopra (Upper Gardens) Lake of Vico

4. Villa Farnese, Caprarola
➢ Pentagonal plan with curving inner facades around a circular courtyard on the inside, and a moat around
the outside. Elaborate multi-stage entry sequence. Famous circular staircase.
➢ Austere at the level of the 'podium' on which the building rests, the façades become lighter in the upper
storeys, particularly in the circular courtyard with its alternate rhythms of pairs of engaged columns and
semi-circular bays.

5. Villa Farnese, Caprarola
➢ The rooms are named after the iconography which is vividly depicted on the walls and ceilings.
➢ The most significant rooms include the Room of the Farnese Deeds, the Room of the World Map
(with very detailed maps of the world as it was known in the 1570s) and the Room of Hercules
(with its panoramic loggia and its grotto-like fountain).
Hall of Hercules Room of the World Map

6. Giacomo da Vignola(1507 –1573)
➢ The first floor, also known as Piano Nobile, hosts the most important rooms out of the building’s five
floors and is separated in two symmetrical apartments with distinct seasonal roles.
➢ To reach the Piano Nobile, Vignola designed several spiral staircases, the most impressive of which,
with frescoes by Antonio Tempesta, is known as the Scala Regia.

7. Villa Farnese, Caprarola
➢ Drawbridges from the apartments on the Piano Nobile lead to the impressive gardens, the first part
of which included a theatre in a grotto, and past, the chestnut woods, the architects designed the
Giardino Segreto (or Secret Garden) with its summerhouse, also known as the Casino.
➢ Stairs lead to the Casino and are separated by a cascading flow that emerges from the statues of the
River Gods above. Below the Casino, a maze-like garden is surrounded by giant Herms (all designed
differently) and cypress trees. Between the Casino and the upper gate which leads into the chestnut
forest, there lies a rose garden.
Grotta dei Satiri at Giardini di SottoGiardino delle Cariatidi

8. Palazzo Farnese, Rome- Antonio da Sangallo
➢ The palazzo was begun in 1517, redesigned 1534 and 1541, modified under Michelangelo from 1546,
and completed 1589.The 56 m (185 ft) façade, occupying the longer side of a spacious piazza, is three
storeys tall and thirteen bays wide.
➢ It is built of brick with strong stone quoins and has a heavily rusticated portal. Each storey has
different window frames (alternating pediments for the piano nobile) placed in dense rows against
the flat neutral wall surface, which enhances the sense of scale.

9. Palazzo Farnese
➢ The crowning cornice was substantially enlarged by Michelangelo (who also designed the
window over the portal) and casts a heavier shadow onto the façade than that envisaged
by Sangallo.

10. Palazzo Farnese

11. Palazzo Farnese
➢ Sangallo's spectacular three-aisled vestibule (c. 1520-), inspired for example by Roman
nymphaea, with its central barrel vault supported on Doric columns, is notable for the
sculptural quality of surface.

12. Renaissance in France
➢ French Renaissance architecture is the style of architecture which was imported to France from
Italy during the early 16th century and developed in the light of local architectural traditions.
➢ During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved in wars in northern Italy,
bringing back to France not just the Renaissance art treasures as their war booty, but also
stylistic ideas. In the Loire Valley a wave of building was carried and many Renaissance chateaux
appeared at this time, the earliest example being the Château d'Amboise.
Château d'Amboise

13. Renaissance in France
Chateau de Maisons(1630 to 1651)
•Designed by Francois Mansart on a
symmetrical E-plan
CHATEAU DE BLOIS by Louis XII, completed by Francois
Mansart
➢ Country houses took the place of fortified castles

14. Chateau de Chambord(1519-1547)
➢ Commissioned by King Francis I and imagined by the great Leonardo da Vinci, the Chateau de
Chambord is the largest and most majestic castle of the Loire. It is a symbol of the French
Renaissance and of the power of a passionate ruler who revered the arts.
➢ Semi-fortified palace Designed by an Italian, Domenico da Cortona
➢ Hunting lodge for Francis I, 440 rooms,282 fireplaces,84 staircases, 4 rectangular vaulted hallways

15. Chateau de Chambord(1519-1547)
➢ The famous double helix staircase is a highlight of the Chateau. Set in the central axis of the castle it
was a revolutionary design and an engineering masterpiece.
➢ Inspired by Leonardo da Vinci, the ingenious spiral open staircase joins various levels via two sets of
steps set in a huge lantern-like case.

16. Renaissance in France
Church of the Val de Grace, Paris
• Projecting portal by Francois Mansart, dome by Lemercier
Church of St-Gervais-et-St-Protais
• earliest wholly-classical church
facade
• by Salomon de Brosse

17. ➢ The Louvre Palace was altered frequently throughout the Middle Ages. In the 14th century, Charles V
converted the building into a residence and in 1546, Francis I renovated the site in the French
Renaissance style.
➢ The court facade consists of two main stories plus an attic richly embellished with Jean Goujon's
panels of bas-reliefs. It is crowned by a sloping roof, a traditional feature of French architecture. The
deeply recessed arch-headed windows of the ground story give the impression of an arcade, while the
projecting pavilions bear small round oeil de bœuf windows above them. In the second storey slender
fluted pilasters separate the windows, which alternate delicate triangular and arched pediments.
The Louvre Palace Lescot Wing, 1546 By Pierre Lescot

18. Palace of Fontainebleau, Paris
➢ In the 15th century some modifications and embellishments were made to the castle by Isabeau of
Bavaria, the wife of King Charles VI , but the medieval structure remained essentially intact until the
reign Francis I (1494–1547). He commissioned the architect Gilles le Breton to build a palace in the
new Renaissance style, recently imported from Italy.
➢ Le Breton preserved the old medieval donjon, where the King's apartments were located, but
incorporated it into the new Renaissance-style Cour Ovale, or oval courtyard, built on the foundations
of the old castle. It included monumental Porte Dorée, as its southern entrance. as well as a
monumental Renaissance stairway, the portique de Serlio, to give access the royal apartments on the
north side.

19. Renaissance in France
✓ Three Kings had greatest influence on Renaissance in France
✓ Francios I Style(1515-1547)
✓ Henry II Style(1547-1589)
✓ Louis XIII Style(1589-1643)
Château d'Amboise

20. Francios I Style(1515-1547)
➢ Actively encouraged humanistic learning. Invited da Vinci and Andrea del Sarto to France.He
collected paintings by the great Italian masters like Titian, Raphael, and Michelangelo.
➢ The most numerous type of window in the Francis I style was square-headed. An occasional
variation was the rounding of the shoulders.
➢ They were generally large, and divided vertically by a mullion crossed by a transverse
mullion or transome, nearer the top than the bottom, thus forming a cross (fenetre
croisee). (This detail, however, chiefly appeared outside and did not affect the interior
aspect.)
➢ Besides these, there were also in lesser number roundarched windows and windows with
flat elliptical-arched
➢ Door heads corresponded in shape of window heads and above the door heads carved or
sculptured decoration was often added.
➢ Significant for diverse and elegant structure of its embellishments and extravagant design.
➢ He continued the work of his predecessors on the Château d'Amboise.
➢ Early in his reign, he also began construction of the magnificent Château de Chambord,
inspired by the styles of the Italian renaissance.
➢ The largest of Francis' building projects was the reconstruction and expansion of the royal
château of Fontainebleau, which quickly became his favorite place of residence.

21. Francios I Style(1515-1547)
Reconstruction and expansion of the royal “Château of
Fontainebleau”

22. Henry II Style(1547-1589)
Château d'Amboise
➢ Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germainen- Laye, near Paris, the son of
Francis I.
➢ The Style Henri II marks the very height and flower of the French Renaissance, the
climax to which all previous development was only preparatory.
➢ The most lasting products of the Henry II style were architectural.
➢ Showed Italian classic influence.
➢ The details borrowed from classic architecture (slender columns, cornices, moldings,
friezes)
➢ Had simple forms, superb proportion and balance.
➢ Windows to a great extent retained their mullioned and transomed divisions
➢ Mullions and transomes were not always present , and square-headed windows
without them and with two full length casements were not uncommon.
➢ Round-arched windows also occurred to some extent.
➢ Panels inside shutters were used.
➢ Door heads were of corresponding shape to window heads and over-door decoration
often took the form of a pediment, either rectilinear or arc-shaped, with appropriate
accompaniments.

23. Henry II Style(1547-1589)
➢ First Rosso Fiorentino and then Francesco Primaticcio and Sebastiano Serlio served Henry II as
court artisans, constructing the Aile de la Belle Cheminée (1568)

24. Henry II Style(1547-1589)
The Château d'Anet, commissioned by Diane de Poitiers, mistress of Henry II, was
designed by Philibert Delorme, who studied in Rome.

25. Louis XIII Style(1589-1643)
➢ Solid and immense construction.
➢ Rectilinear in shape and had simple and basic forms.
➢ Carving and turning were the most used technique.
➢ Influenced from the north, through Flemish and Dutch Baroque, and from the south,
through Italian mannerism and early Baroque.
➢ In this style of decoration Baroque influences, and especially flemish Baroque influences,
began to make themselves more and more noticeable.
➢ Windows were further increased in size, so that they extended nearly all the way from
floor to ceiling.
➢ About the same time, also, stone mullions and transoms began to fall into disuse, being
replaced by wooden substitutes or by wooden casement frames with broad
➢ stiles and rails.

26. Louis XIII Style(1589-1643)
Jacques Lemercier completed the most famous work of the Louis XIII period is the
chapel of the Sorbonne (1635)

27. Thank You.