Give some examples of historical building on Baroque style in presentation.
building like ST.PETER'S SQUARE,SCALA REGIA,SAN CARLO AL QUATTRO,SAINT'IVO ALLA SAPIENZA.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It reflected the scientific advances and religious/political conflicts of the time through dramatic use of light, illusionistic painting/sculpture, asymmetrical and curved designs. In Italy, architects like Bernini and Borromini created dramatic church designs fusing architecture, art and sculpture. French Baroque like Versailles was more ordered and classical, showing royal power. Rococo later emphasized ornate interiors and decoration.
The document provides an overview of Baroque architecture. It discusses how Baroque architecture originated in Italy in the late 16th/early 17th century and spread across Europe. Key characteristics of Baroque architecture included dramatic lighting, sculptural forms, complex geometric shapes, and illusionary paintings and frescoes used to create a sense of depth and movement. The document summarizes important Baroque architects like Bernini and Borromini and their works in Italy, as well as how the style spread to other countries like Austria.
The Cathedral of Florence is a Gothic-style church built between 1296 and 1436. It has an enormous dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi that was an architectural marvel when constructed during the Renaissance. The cathedral features extensive use of colored marble on its exterior and interior, along with sculptures and frescoes by many renowned Renaissance artists. It remains one of the most significant cathedrals in Italy due to its architectural innovations and artistic works.
Leon Battista Alberti was an influential Italian Renaissance architect, artist, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer. He wrote two seminal treatises on architecture - On Painting and On Building, which were influenced by Vitruvius' The Ten Books of Architecture. He designed the upper facade of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, adding elements like pilasters, a round window and volutes.
Donato Bramante was an Italian architect and the first High Renaissance architect. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome. His Tempietto at San Pietro in Montorio marked the beginning of the High Renaissance, being a small circular chapel with a dome symbolizing divine
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 2 (Leader: Lorie Lizardo)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
February 2016
Romanesque architecture developed between the 11th and 12th centuries across Western Europe. Key characteristics include the use of thick stone walls, rounded arches, barrel or groin vaults, and the Latin cross floor plan for churches. The style combined elements of Roman and Byzantine architecture and was influenced by the growth of Christianity, the establishment of monastic orders and pilgrimage routes, and the Crusades. Common building types included churches, monasteries, and castles.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It reflected the scientific advances and religious/political conflicts of the time through dramatic use of light, illusionistic painting/sculpture, asymmetrical and curved designs. In Italy, architects like Bernini and Borromini created dramatic church designs fusing architecture, art and sculpture. French Baroque like Versailles was more ordered and classical, showing royal power. Rococo later emphasized ornate interiors and decoration.
The document provides an overview of Baroque architecture. It discusses how Baroque architecture originated in Italy in the late 16th/early 17th century and spread across Europe. Key characteristics of Baroque architecture included dramatic lighting, sculptural forms, complex geometric shapes, and illusionary paintings and frescoes used to create a sense of depth and movement. The document summarizes important Baroque architects like Bernini and Borromini and their works in Italy, as well as how the style spread to other countries like Austria.
The Cathedral of Florence is a Gothic-style church built between 1296 and 1436. It has an enormous dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi that was an architectural marvel when constructed during the Renaissance. The cathedral features extensive use of colored marble on its exterior and interior, along with sculptures and frescoes by many renowned Renaissance artists. It remains one of the most significant cathedrals in Italy due to its architectural innovations and artistic works.
Leon Battista Alberti was an influential Italian Renaissance architect, artist, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer. He wrote two seminal treatises on architecture - On Painting and On Building, which were influenced by Vitruvius' The Ten Books of Architecture. He designed the upper facade of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, adding elements like pilasters, a round window and volutes.
Donato Bramante was an Italian architect and the first High Renaissance architect. He introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome. His Tempietto at San Pietro in Montorio marked the beginning of the High Renaissance, being a small circular chapel with a dome symbolizing divine
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 2 (Leader: Lorie Lizardo)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
February 2016
Romanesque architecture developed between the 11th and 12th centuries across Western Europe. Key characteristics include the use of thick stone walls, rounded arches, barrel or groin vaults, and the Latin cross floor plan for churches. The style combined elements of Roman and Byzantine architecture and was influenced by the growth of Christianity, the establishment of monastic orders and pilgrimage routes, and the Crusades. Common building types included churches, monasteries, and castles.
Romanesque architecture developed throughout Western Europe between the 10th and 12th centuries. It was influenced by a variety of geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social, political, and historical factors. The style is characterized by its sober and dignified formal massing, with an emphasis on towers, transepts, and vaulted construction methods derived from Roman precedents. Rib and panel vaulting became widespread, allowing for more complex vault configurations. Door and window openings featured receding concentric moldings and arches. Ornamentation included carved vegetable and animal motifs. Major Romanesque architectural works include cathedrals, abbeys, and their associated structures across Europe.
Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed in Rome between 326-333 AD under Emperor Constantine. It was the first St. Peter's Basilica and was built over the grave of St. Peter. The basilica had a cruciform layout with a nave and aisles inspired by Roman basilicas but adapted for Christian worship. Old St. Peter's Basilica was torn down in the early 16th century to make way for the new St. Peter's Basilica.
The term Romanesque ("Roman-like") was first used to designate a style of architecture that used Roman arches and had thick, heavy walls, based upon the basilica. The style is pervasive throughout Europe.
St. Paul's Cathedral in London, designed by Christopher Wren in the Baroque style, took 36 years to build from 1675 to 1711. Its famous dome, which dominated London's skyline for 300 years, stands 365 feet high and frames the spires of Wren's surrounding churches. The cathedral has a nave 121 feet wide and spans 518 feet in length, with its two towers each rising 221 feet high.
The document discusses architectural styles and buildings from the Renaissance period in Italy, including Mannerism and Palladian architecture. It provides details on St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, describing its design by Bramante, Michelangelo, and others. It also summarizes Villa Rotonda, designed by Palladio, noting its symmetrical plan and relationship to the landscape.
In the 4th century, the Roman Empire was divided into a Western part ruled from Rome and an Eastern part ruled from Constantinople. Whereas Diocletian persecuted Christians, Constantine ended persecution in 313 with the Edict of Milan, paving the way for Christianity to become the official state religion by 380. The document then discusses early Christian architecture, including the basilica church design exemplified by St. Peter's Basilica built in 333, and alternative designs like the circular church of Santa Costanza. It also mentions the use of catacombs and sarcophagi in early Christian burial practices.
Baroque architecture began in late 16th century Italy and used the vocabulary of Renaissance architecture in a new theatrical fashion to express the power of the Catholic Church. Key features included dramatic use of light and shadow, large frescoes and sculptures, and illusory effects blending painting and architecture. Some examples given are the Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome designed by Borromini, St. Peter's Square in Vatican with its colonnades and fountains built by Bernini, and the Palace of Versailles commissioned by Louis XIV as the finest example of secular Baroque architecture.
Early Christian and Byzantine architecture originated in Rome and Byzantium (Constantinople). The spread of Christianity led to the need for church architecture to accommodate worship. Early Christian churches adapted the Roman basilica, consisting of a central nave flanked by aisles and ending in an apse, to serve their congregational needs. As Christianity became the dominant religion, imposing church buildings were erected throughout the Roman Empire following the basilica design but with architectural features developing regionally into distinct Early Christian and Byzantine styles.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It featured dramatic curved shapes, asymmetry, frescoes, and illusory effects to create emotion and drama. Two main centers were the powerful monarchy of France, which favored order and rationality, and the papal authority in Rome. In Italy, architects like Bernini, Borromini, and Maderno created grand structures fusing architecture, painting and sculpture. The Rococo style featured luxurious interiors with asymmetry, exotic influences, and elaborate decorative stucco work and furnishings.
Comparative Analysis of Baroque and Rococco ArchitectureB. Nicole Aloyon
Both Baroque and Rococo styles used dynamic, undulating forms and complex geometry in their designs. However, Baroque architecture from the 17th century tended to be grander in scale with darker colors, aiming to impress viewers through awe-inspiring designs. Rococo from the 18th century favored lighter, more informal styles seen in secular buildings, using pale pastel colors and asymmetric, playful ornamentation. While both employed frescoes and stucco work, Rococo had a lighter, more graceful aesthetic compared to Baroque's theatrical grandeur.
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was constructed in four phases between 1163 and 1250. It features Gothic architecture elements like flying buttresses, large rose windows, pointed arches, and gargoyles. The cathedral was initiated by Bishop Maurice de Sully and its construction involved raising the nave, adding the façade and two towers, and installing elaborate features like the Gallery of Kings.
This document provides an overview of Baroque and Rococo architecture and art from the late 16th to 18th centuries in Europe. Some key points covered include: the period saw religious/political conflicts, colonization, and scientific advances; Baroque used dramatic lighting/color, asymmetry, and illusionism; major architects included Maderno, Longhena, Le Vau, and Wren; geography included developments in Rome, France, Venice, and England; and Rococo featured luxurious interiors with exotic Chinese influences.
Renaissance architecture developed in 14th-15th century Europe, demonstrating elements of ancient Greek and Roman design. It placed emphasis on symmetry, proportion and geometry, with orderly classical columns, arches and domes rather than the complex Gothic style. The Renaissance began in 15th century Florence, Italy, with architects drawing inspiration from classical Roman buildings. Renaissance architecture progressed through the Quattrocento, High Renaissance and Mannerist periods, with architects experimenting more over time with classical forms and spatial relationships. Key features included symmetrical façades, orders of columns, semi-circular arches, barrel vaults, domes, decorative ceilings and doors, and an increased emphasis on precision in details.
The early Christian architecture began in Rome and Constantinople in the early 4th century AD. With Christianity becoming the official state religion under Emperor Constantine, new church buildings were needed for worship. The most common church design was the basilica, adapted from Roman civic buildings. Two prominent early basilica churches were St. John Lateran in Rome (313-320 AD) and St. Peter's in Rome (333 AD), which had a nave and aisles topped by timber roofs. Alternative centralized plans like baptisteries were also sometimes used starting in the 5th century.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is one of the largest churches in the world. The basilica was constructed between 1506-1626 over the site of the original 4th century St. Peter's Basilica. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini. The massive dome, one of the largest in the world, rises 120 meters and can be climbed by a small spiral staircase. The interior features a long nave, lavish marble decorations, and many artistic tombs. St. Peter's Square outside features tall colonnades, an obelisk, and fountains designed by Bernini.
The presentation provides an overview of Baroque architecture between 1600-1750 AD. Some key characteristics of Baroque style include dramatic, contrasting lights and darks, complex shapes, and decorative details. Baroque architecture spread across Europe, taking on local styles in countries like Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England. Some famous examples of Baroque buildings mentioned are St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, Les Invalides in Paris, the Palace of Versailles, and St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
gothic architecture and how it started ,history , and more information all explaining this style.
mentioning the advantages of pointed arch
explaining the gothic floor plan
and explaining architecture in three major cities
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Leon Battista Alberti was an Italian architect, linguist, and poet during the Renaissance period. He is notable for three works - Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini, Palazzo Rucellai in Florence, and Santa Maria Novella in Florence. For Santa Maria Novella, Alberti attempted to bring classical proportions and detailing to the existing Gothic church, adding Corinthian columns, pilasters, and an upper section to the facade. At Palazzo Rucellai, Alberti designed the symmetrical facade using the three classical orders of architecture in an upward progression inspired by the Colosseum. For St. Andrea in Mantua, Alberti designed the church based on a triumphal arch motif
The document provides information about the Baroque architectural style. It originated in Italy in the early 17th century and spread across Europe. Baroque architecture is characterized by dramatic intensity, exploration of light and shadow, and elaborate ornamentation. Prominent Baroque architects included Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini, and Pietro da Cortona. Two examples of Baroque churches designed by Borromini are discussed in detail: San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome, known for its complex overlapping geometric forms, and Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, also in Rome, with its distinctive spiral-shaped dome.
Romanesque architecture developed throughout Western Europe between the 10th and 12th centuries. It was influenced by a variety of geographical, geological, climatic, religious, social, political, and historical factors. The style is characterized by its sober and dignified formal massing, with an emphasis on towers, transepts, and vaulted construction methods derived from Roman precedents. Rib and panel vaulting became widespread, allowing for more complex vault configurations. Door and window openings featured receding concentric moldings and arches. Ornamentation included carved vegetable and animal motifs. Major Romanesque architectural works include cathedrals, abbeys, and their associated structures across Europe.
Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed in Rome between 326-333 AD under Emperor Constantine. It was the first St. Peter's Basilica and was built over the grave of St. Peter. The basilica had a cruciform layout with a nave and aisles inspired by Roman basilicas but adapted for Christian worship. Old St. Peter's Basilica was torn down in the early 16th century to make way for the new St. Peter's Basilica.
The term Romanesque ("Roman-like") was first used to designate a style of architecture that used Roman arches and had thick, heavy walls, based upon the basilica. The style is pervasive throughout Europe.
St. Paul's Cathedral in London, designed by Christopher Wren in the Baroque style, took 36 years to build from 1675 to 1711. Its famous dome, which dominated London's skyline for 300 years, stands 365 feet high and frames the spires of Wren's surrounding churches. The cathedral has a nave 121 feet wide and spans 518 feet in length, with its two towers each rising 221 feet high.
The document discusses architectural styles and buildings from the Renaissance period in Italy, including Mannerism and Palladian architecture. It provides details on St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, describing its design by Bramante, Michelangelo, and others. It also summarizes Villa Rotonda, designed by Palladio, noting its symmetrical plan and relationship to the landscape.
In the 4th century, the Roman Empire was divided into a Western part ruled from Rome and an Eastern part ruled from Constantinople. Whereas Diocletian persecuted Christians, Constantine ended persecution in 313 with the Edict of Milan, paving the way for Christianity to become the official state religion by 380. The document then discusses early Christian architecture, including the basilica church design exemplified by St. Peter's Basilica built in 333, and alternative designs like the circular church of Santa Costanza. It also mentions the use of catacombs and sarcophagi in early Christian burial practices.
Baroque architecture began in late 16th century Italy and used the vocabulary of Renaissance architecture in a new theatrical fashion to express the power of the Catholic Church. Key features included dramatic use of light and shadow, large frescoes and sculptures, and illusory effects blending painting and architecture. Some examples given are the Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome designed by Borromini, St. Peter's Square in Vatican with its colonnades and fountains built by Bernini, and the Palace of Versailles commissioned by Louis XIV as the finest example of secular Baroque architecture.
Early Christian and Byzantine architecture originated in Rome and Byzantium (Constantinople). The spread of Christianity led to the need for church architecture to accommodate worship. Early Christian churches adapted the Roman basilica, consisting of a central nave flanked by aisles and ending in an apse, to serve their congregational needs. As Christianity became the dominant religion, imposing church buildings were erected throughout the Roman Empire following the basilica design but with architectural features developing regionally into distinct Early Christian and Byzantine styles.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It featured dramatic curved shapes, asymmetry, frescoes, and illusory effects to create emotion and drama. Two main centers were the powerful monarchy of France, which favored order and rationality, and the papal authority in Rome. In Italy, architects like Bernini, Borromini, and Maderno created grand structures fusing architecture, painting and sculpture. The Rococo style featured luxurious interiors with asymmetry, exotic influences, and elaborate decorative stucco work and furnishings.
Comparative Analysis of Baroque and Rococco ArchitectureB. Nicole Aloyon
Both Baroque and Rococo styles used dynamic, undulating forms and complex geometry in their designs. However, Baroque architecture from the 17th century tended to be grander in scale with darker colors, aiming to impress viewers through awe-inspiring designs. Rococo from the 18th century favored lighter, more informal styles seen in secular buildings, using pale pastel colors and asymmetric, playful ornamentation. While both employed frescoes and stucco work, Rococo had a lighter, more graceful aesthetic compared to Baroque's theatrical grandeur.
Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris was constructed in four phases between 1163 and 1250. It features Gothic architecture elements like flying buttresses, large rose windows, pointed arches, and gargoyles. The cathedral was initiated by Bishop Maurice de Sully and its construction involved raising the nave, adding the façade and two towers, and installing elaborate features like the Gallery of Kings.
This document provides an overview of Baroque and Rococo architecture and art from the late 16th to 18th centuries in Europe. Some key points covered include: the period saw religious/political conflicts, colonization, and scientific advances; Baroque used dramatic lighting/color, asymmetry, and illusionism; major architects included Maderno, Longhena, Le Vau, and Wren; geography included developments in Rome, France, Venice, and England; and Rococo featured luxurious interiors with exotic Chinese influences.
Renaissance architecture developed in 14th-15th century Europe, demonstrating elements of ancient Greek and Roman design. It placed emphasis on symmetry, proportion and geometry, with orderly classical columns, arches and domes rather than the complex Gothic style. The Renaissance began in 15th century Florence, Italy, with architects drawing inspiration from classical Roman buildings. Renaissance architecture progressed through the Quattrocento, High Renaissance and Mannerist periods, with architects experimenting more over time with classical forms and spatial relationships. Key features included symmetrical façades, orders of columns, semi-circular arches, barrel vaults, domes, decorative ceilings and doors, and an increased emphasis on precision in details.
The early Christian architecture began in Rome and Constantinople in the early 4th century AD. With Christianity becoming the official state religion under Emperor Constantine, new church buildings were needed for worship. The most common church design was the basilica, adapted from Roman civic buildings. Two prominent early basilica churches were St. John Lateran in Rome (313-320 AD) and St. Peter's in Rome (333 AD), which had a nave and aisles topped by timber roofs. Alternative centralized plans like baptisteries were also sometimes used starting in the 5th century.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is one of the largest churches in the world. The basilica was constructed between 1506-1626 over the site of the original 4th century St. Peter's Basilica. It was designed by architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno, and Bernini. The massive dome, one of the largest in the world, rises 120 meters and can be climbed by a small spiral staircase. The interior features a long nave, lavish marble decorations, and many artistic tombs. St. Peter's Square outside features tall colonnades, an obelisk, and fountains designed by Bernini.
The presentation provides an overview of Baroque architecture between 1600-1750 AD. Some key characteristics of Baroque style include dramatic, contrasting lights and darks, complex shapes, and decorative details. Baroque architecture spread across Europe, taking on local styles in countries like Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England. Some famous examples of Baroque buildings mentioned are St. Peter's Square at the Vatican, Les Invalides in Paris, the Palace of Versailles, and St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
gothic architecture and how it started ,history , and more information all explaining this style.
mentioning the advantages of pointed arch
explaining the gothic floor plan
and explaining architecture in three major cities
History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
Leon Battista Alberti was an Italian architect, linguist, and poet during the Renaissance period. He is notable for three works - Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini, Palazzo Rucellai in Florence, and Santa Maria Novella in Florence. For Santa Maria Novella, Alberti attempted to bring classical proportions and detailing to the existing Gothic church, adding Corinthian columns, pilasters, and an upper section to the facade. At Palazzo Rucellai, Alberti designed the symmetrical facade using the three classical orders of architecture in an upward progression inspired by the Colosseum. For St. Andrea in Mantua, Alberti designed the church based on a triumphal arch motif
The document provides information about the Baroque architectural style. It originated in Italy in the early 17th century and spread across Europe. Baroque architecture is characterized by dramatic intensity, exploration of light and shadow, and elaborate ornamentation. Prominent Baroque architects included Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini, and Pietro da Cortona. Two examples of Baroque churches designed by Borromini are discussed in detail: San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome, known for its complex overlapping geometric forms, and Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, also in Rome, with its distinctive spiral-shaped dome.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome underwent many changes over centuries of construction. The first church on the site was built in the 4th century over St. Peter's tomb. The current basilica began construction in 1506 according to Donato Bramante's plan for a Greek cross-shaped church with a central dome. Over the decades, 10 architects modified the plans, with Michelangelo and Carlo Maderno making the most significant changes by 1626, transforming it into a Latin cross with a massive dome and long nave. Today it is one of the largest Christian churches in the world.
St. Peter's Basilica in Rome underwent many changes over centuries of construction. The current basilica was begun in 1506 on the site of the original 4th century church said to be above St. Peter's tomb. 10 architects contributed to its design, most significantly Bramante, Michelangelo, and Maderno. Bramante designed a Greek cross-shaped church with a large central dome. Michelangelo reverted to this design but with a more massive structure. Maderno extended it into a Latin cross with a long nave and added the famous facade. Features include Bernini's baldachin and decorations that make it the largest and one of the most magnificent churches in the world.
St. Peter's Basilica
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger submitted a plan for St. Peter's Basilica that combined features of Peruzzi, Raphael and Bramante. His design extended the building into a short nave with a wide facade and portico. His proposal for the dome was more elaborate in both structure and decoration than Bramante's.
Palazzo Farnese
Antonio da Sangallo the Younger designed and oversaw construction of the Palazzo Farnese, a large Renaissance palace in Rome. The palace features a rusticated basement and piano nobile separated by an imposing cornice. Its facade employs pilasters and entablatures in
St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is Europe's largest Christian church and the second church built over St. Peter's tomb. Construction began in 1506 and took over 100 years to complete, resulting in one of the greatest architectural works of its age. Features include Bernini's bronze baldacchino over the main altar and the Piazza di San Pietro, a large open space in front leading to the church.
The Church of Santa Maria Novella is Florence's principal Dominican church located in Florence, Italy. It was built in the 13th century on the site of an older oratory and was designed by Dominican friars. Over time, it received additions and renovations such as the black and white marble facade designed by Alberti in the 15th century who aimed to bring classical proportions and detailing while harmonizing with the existing Gothic structure. The vast interior is organized as a Latin cross with a nave, aisles, transept and contains important artworks. Several chapels house significant frescoes including the Strozzi, Gondi, and Cappella Strozzi di Mantova chapels. The church
Byzantine and gothic architecture aditya barn1ar14002Aditya kumar
St Mark's Basilica is the cathedral church of Venice located in St Mark's Square. It is renowned for its Byzantine architecture and rich interior mosaics. The present church was completed in 1071 and has a Greek cross plan with five domes. Over the centuries, additions have increased its richness, such as the four bronze horses brought from Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade in 1204. The interior features geometric marble floors and walls covered in polychrome marble and mosaics depicting biblical stories.
case study and litreature review on baroquearchitectureAfzalSaifi3
Baroque architecture began in late 16th century Italy and used the vocabulary of Renaissance architecture in a new theatrical fashion to express the power of the Catholic Church. Key features included dramatic use of light and shadow, large frescoes and sculptures, and illusory effects blending painting and architecture. Some examples given are the Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome designed by Borromini, St. Peter's Square in Vatican with its colonnades and fountains built by Bernini, and the Palace of Versailles commissioned by Louis XIV as the finest example of secular Baroque architecture.
1. St Peter's Basilica in Rome went through many architectural changes over centuries as different architects worked on its design and construction.
2. The architects included Donato Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bramante proposed the original Greek cross plan with a central dome. Michelangelo reverted to this design and strengthened it.
3. Maderno's most significant change was transforming Michelangelo's Greek cross design into a Latin cross with a long nave and adding the famous façade. The basilica and St Peter's Square are impressive architectural works in Renaissance and Baroque styles.
The document provides an overview of Baroque architecture. Some key points:
1. Baroque architecture originated in late 16th century Italy and spread throughout Europe until the 18th century. It was characterized by dramatic effects, rich decoration, and complex forms designed to astonish viewers.
2. Distinctive features included large domes, elaborate motifs and decorations, gilded sculptures, and attention-grabbing elements like curved walls and fountains that created a sense of dynamism.
3. Major Baroque architects like Borromini and Bernini designed churches using dramatic lighting, rich ornamentation, and complex integrated architectural and decorative forms to overwhelm worshippers. Their works exemplified the Baroque emphasis on emotion
This document provides an overview of Baroque art and architecture from 1600-1700 in Europe. It begins with definitions of Baroque and its key differences from Renaissance styles. The summary then discusses the main characteristics and developments of Baroque in Italy, France, and England. For Italy, works by Bernini such as St. Peter's colonnade and Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane are analyzed. Versailles palace is covered for France. Key English works mentioned include St. Paul's Cathedral and Blenheim Palace. Sculptors like Bernini and painters including Caravaggio and Rubens are also discussed.
The transept of Romanesque churches was unified by creating a regular crossing bordered by arches of equal size corresponding to the four arms of the church. Wall passages contained within church walls articulated the wall surface and decorated exterior faces. Ambulatories extended around apsidal sanctuaries, creating continuous passageways with attached chapels. Sculptural decoration included carved capitals, doorways and arcades, with regional variations.
The document describes key architectural features of Romanesque architecture including:
1) The transept and crossing area which unified the structure and was often topped by a tower.
2) Wall passages contained within thick walls which articulated surfaces and opened outwards or inwards.
3) Sculptural details like carved capitals, doorways and arcades that varied regionally.
St. Peter's Basilica underwent many architectural changes over centuries. The original 4th century Constantinian basilica was replaced starting in 1506. Donato Bramante began construction of a Greek cross-style basilica, but the project went through several architects as the design evolved. Michelangelo returned to Bramante's Greek cross plan with 5 domes, but Carlo Maderno added a long nave extending into a Latin cross. The massive dome by Michelangelo towers over the interior and the Baroque interior includes Bernini's bronze baldacchino over the main altar. The exterior features Bernini's elliptical St. Peter's Square and colonnades. At over 400 feet tall, St. Peter's
Romanesque architecture developed in Europe during the Middle Ages following the decline of Barbarian invasions. The Pisa Cathedral Complex in Italy, built between the 11th-14th centuries, is a prime example featuring the Pisa Cathedral, Leaning Tower of Pisa (campanile), Baptistery, cemetery, and other structures. The complex demonstrates the Romanesque style through its use of rounded arches, arcades, marble construction, and sculptures. The Leaning Tower gained its tilt due to unstable foundations beneath its eight stories of galleries. The Baptistery contains important works by Nicola and Giovanni Pisano.
Romanesque architecture developed in Europe during the Middle Ages following the decline of Barbarian invasions. The Pisa Cathedral Complex in Italy, built between the 11th-14th centuries, is a prime example featuring the Pisa Cathedral, Leaning Tower of Pisa (campanile), Baptistery, cemetery, and other structures. The complex demonstrates the Romanesque style through its use of rounded arches, arcades, marble construction, and sculptures. The Leaning Tower gained its tilt due to unstable foundations beneath its eight stories of galleries. The Baptistery contains important works by Nicola and Giovanni Pisano.
The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy was a Gothic cathedral built in the 14th century on the site of an earlier church. It is located in Piazza del Duomo along with the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. The cathedral complex demonstrates Florence's wealth and importance as a medieval city. Its enormous scale can accommodate 30,000 people and the dome, added in the 15th century, rises 376 feet high.
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th to 18th centuries across Europe and America. It was characterized by dramatic lighting, large frescoes, illusory effects, and flowing, curved shapes incorporated landscaping. In Italy, architects like Bernini, Borromini, and Longhena designed structures fusing architecture, painting and sculpture that became models. French Baroque under Louis XIV emphasized order and rationality in projects like the Louvre and Versailles. The Rococo style featured ornate interiors and furnishings later in the 18th century.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
2. Gian Lorenzo Bernini
• 1598-1680
• Italian sculptor and architect.
• Practiced Roman Baroque architecture.
• Notable work-David, Apollo and Daphne, The Rape of
Proserpina, Ecstasy of Saint Theresa.
4. • St. Peter's Square is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City.
• Trapezoidal entrance to the basilica and the massive elliptical area.
• The long axis, parallel to the basilica's facade, creates a pause in the sequence of forward
movements that is characteristic of a Baroque monumental approach.
• Surrounded by 284 columns, set out in rows of four, and 88 pilasters, the columns have a height
of 20 m and a width of 1.6 m.
• Bernini’s pupils built 140 statues of saints, 3.20 m high along the balustrade above the columns.
• 320 meters long and 240 meters wide.
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square which embrace visitors in "the maternal arms of
Mother Church“
5. • Used Tuscan form of Doric order.
• At the center of the piazza stands an Egyptian obelisk of red granite, 25.5 m tall,
in all 41 m to the cross on its top. The obelisk was originally erected at
Heliopolis, Egypt, by an unknown pharaoh.
Maderno fountain
Bernini fountain
• Maderno’s fountain was built in 1612.
• Maderno fountain could shoot water twenty feet
upwards into the air as the source was above sea level.
• For half a century, the square was decorated with the
Maderno fountain and with the obelisk , but the
southern part of the square remained empty.
• Gian Lorenzo Bernini was commissioned to build a
second fountain, which followed the design of the
Maderno fountain. Bernini fountain was completed in
1677.
Doric order
Egyptian obelisk
7. • Scala regia is a flight of steps in the Vatican city and is part of the formal entrance to the Vatican.
• It was built by Antonio da Sangallo the younger.
• Restored by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1663 to1666.
• Connects the Apostolic palace to St. Peter’s Basilica.
• The site for the stairs between church and palace, is awkwardly shaped with irregular convering walls.
• The staircase take the form of a barrel-vaulted colonnade that necessarily becomes narrower at the end
exaggerating the distance.
8. • Total 32 numbers of column are
there.
• Length approx. 130 m.
• Ionic columns are used.
• The statue of Constantine by Gian
Lorenzo Bernini.
• The statue of Constantine shows
the emperor in the traditional
episode of the cross appearing to
him before the battle of Ponte
Milvio.
Columns of Scala Regia
statue of Constantine
Scala regia
9. • Detail of the decoration is extremely
rich: we can notice that the flowers
are all different.
• Another statue of Charlemagne (who
was crowned in St Peter's in 800).
• Bernini originally constructed six
skylight, two of which still exist (3, 4),
raising the level of illumination on the
last leg of the stairs.
Detail of the decoration
Statue of Charlemagne
11. Section of Scala Regia
View from the bottom of the stairs
Forming a barrel-vaulted
12. Francesco Borromini
• 1599-1667
• Italian baroque architect
• Notable Work-San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane,
Sant'Agnese in Agone, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza,
Oratorio dei Filippini
13. San Carlo alle Quattro
(Saint Charles at the Four Fountains)
15. • It is a Roman Catholic church in Rome, Italy.
• The plan and section show the layout of the cramped and difficult site
the church is on the corner with the cloister next to it.
• It has a concave-convex facade.
• Tall Corinthian columns stand on plinths and bear the main entablatures.
• Length-20 meters Width-12 metres.
• The three principal parts can be identified
vertically as the lower order at ground level , the
transition zone of the pendentives and the oval
coffered dome with its oval lantern.
16. Geometry and form development of plan.
Triangle form derived from the trinity order.
18. The founders of the Trinitarian order
Smaller columns with their entablature weave behind
the main columns and in turn they frame niches and
windows.
Side chapelMain altar
Entrance view
21. • It is a Roman Catholic church in Rome.
• Built in 1642-1660 by the architect Francesco Borromini, the church is a
masterpiece of Roman Baroque architecture.
• The church rises at the end of a courtyard, known as the courtyard of
Giacomo Della Porta.
• The facade is concave, moulding the church into the courtyard as if
completing it rather than disrupting it.
• A key aspect is the top of the church, the lantern of Sant'Ivo
is topped with a spiral shape, surmounted by a Cross.
• This blending of edges and curves is Borromini’s most distinguishable
signature.
• Windows associated with the round sections of the dome are larger
than those associated with the edges.
• Through the perforations in the lantern, sunlight
illuminates the dome.
• Direction of facade-ENE
• Length-27 metres Width-26 metres.
22. • He choose a plan resembling a star of David- which would have been recognized at the time as a star of
Solomon, symbolizing wisdom and merged a curved façade of the church with the courtyard of the
palace.
24. • Another detail is that windows associated with
the round sections of the dome are larger than
those associated with the edges.
• Through the perforations in the lantern the
sunlight illuminates the dome.
28. • Located in Rome and erected between 1637 and 1650.
• The oratory is adjacent to the Chiesa Nuova Santa Maria in Vallicella.
• The facade provides a summary of Borromini's characteristics of
innovations style and technically rigorous.
• Inside the oratory is articulated by half columns and a complex
rhythm of pilasters.
• The main body is divided into five parts by pilasters following a
concave curve.
29. Gian Lorenzo Bernini
• Bernini saw architecture as a staging of an
experience, and used theatricality and drama
in his design to heighten the visitor’s
emotional and spiritual response.
Francesco Borromini
• Borromini, on the other hand, stretched the
limits of classical architecture that had made
a revival during the Renaissance by distorting
pure classical elements to create dynamic,
sculptural spaces.