One of the most important buildings by architect Le Corbusier from the 17 that have been to UNESCO's World Heritage List is Villa Savoye, the top-heavy weekend retreat created as a Modernist version of the French country house
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British Museum Building Development Frameworkbritishmuseum
This is the British Museum's Building Development Framework, published in May 2014. It outlines the Museum's ambitions for developing and preserving the physical site so the Museum may fulfil its purpose as a museum of the world, for the world.
Aldo Rossi was born in Milan, Italy in 1931.
He studied architecture in Milan and was a teacher in the same in various Universities in Italy, Germany, Spain and the U.S.
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM (BILBAO), The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and contemporary art designed by Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
The goal of this research is to come to a greater understanding of Brragan's works , and what makes his architecture unique . In addition to focusing on one project – Brragan studio house - and the philosophical foundations for its design.
"Architecture is an artistic craft, but at the same time it is also a scientific profession, it is precisely its distinctiveness"
"Architecture is a service."
"When style gets to become a brand, a personal seal, this becomes a cage"
"The architect is first and foremost a builder, but also should be a poet, and above all a humanist''
British Museum Building Development Frameworkbritishmuseum
This is the British Museum's Building Development Framework, published in May 2014. It outlines the Museum's ambitions for developing and preserving the physical site so the Museum may fulfil its purpose as a museum of the world, for the world.
Aldo Rossi was born in Milan, Italy in 1931.
He studied architecture in Milan and was a teacher in the same in various Universities in Italy, Germany, Spain and the U.S.
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM (BILBAO), The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and contemporary art designed by Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
The goal of this research is to come to a greater understanding of Brragan's works , and what makes his architecture unique . In addition to focusing on one project – Brragan studio house - and the philosophical foundations for its design.
"Architecture is an artistic craft, but at the same time it is also a scientific profession, it is precisely its distinctiveness"
"Architecture is a service."
"When style gets to become a brand, a personal seal, this becomes a cage"
"The architect is first and foremost a builder, but also should be a poet, and above all a humanist''
LUXURY VILLA ITALY
luxury villaThe palladian styled, Villa Moro Malipiero, now owned by the Rigoni Savioli noble family, was commissioned by Nicolò Malipiero in 1557. On the front there are four Ionic order semi-columns. On the ground floor there is a splendid cap vaulted cellar. The ball room, which once occupied both floors of the central part of the house, was divided after the French Revolution leaving the top half intact, while the bottom was divided into 5 portions. The property sits on 20,000 sq m of land with a garden, three orchards, a thermal water well, a Colombara tower, and various barns. Another architectural jewel is the still consecrated chapel. Many of the rooms contain frescoes by Gian Battista Zelotti, student of Veronese. The paladin floors are original Venetian with a single cast
The villa, with own private descent to the sea, is built in an elegant and luxurious neoclassical style on
four levels and is adorned by tens of archaeological objects of inestimable value. The property enjoys
270-degree sea views, while the entire Western, Eastern, and Southern sides are surrounded by a
large, private garden (considered Italy's most impressive, private garden - see description below) with
more than 700 species of plants, flowers, and trees up to 60 feet high.
The powerful Gonzaga family reigned over Mantua for almost 400 years, and during their domination the city became one of the most important cultural cities of the Rennaisance...
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. P R E S E N T E D B Y J A I S H A N I U P A D H Y A Y
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
VILLA
FARNESE
2. 2 0 2 1 | D E P A R T M E N T O F H I S T O R Y
Points of Discussion
Topics to be Covered
History Summary
Timeline of Events
Plan , Elevation , Section
Interior
Gardens
The Casino
3. 2 0 2 0 | D E P A R T M E N T O F H I S T O R Y
History Summary
A Brief Discussion
The Villa Farnese, also known as Villa Caprarola, is a pentagonal
mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo,
Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) north-
west of Rome. This villa should not be confused with the Palazzo
Farnese and the Villa Farnesina, both in Rome. A property of the
Republic of Italy, Villa Farnese is run by the Polo Museale del Lazio.
The Villa Farnese is situated directly above the town of Caprarola
and dominates its surroundings. It is a massive Renaissance and
Mannerist construction, opening to the Monte Cimini, a range of
densely wooded volcanic hills. It is built on a five-sided plan in
reddish gold stone; buttresses support the upper floors. As a
centerpiece of the vast Farnese holdings, Caprarola was always an
expression of Farnese power, rather than a villa in the more usual
agricultural or pleasure senses.
4. Timeline of Events
In 1504, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, the future Pope Paul III,
acquired the estate at Caprarola.
He had designs made for a fortified castle or rocca by the
architects Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Baldassare
Peruzzi.
Surviving plan drawings by Peruzzi show a pentagonal
arrangement with each face of the pentagon canted inwards
towards its center, to permit raking fire upon a would-be scaling
force, both from the center and from the projecting bastions that
advance from each corner angle of the fortress.
Peruzzi's plan also shows a central pentagonal courtyard and it is
likely that the later development of the circular central court was
also determined by the necessities of the pentagonal plan. The
pentagonal fortress foundations, constructed probably between
1515 and 1530,[2] became the base upon which the present villa
sits; so the overall form of the villa was predetermined by the rocca
foundations.
8. DESIGN
The villa is one of the finest examples of Renaissance architecture.
Ornament is used sparingly to achieve proportion and harmony.
Thus while the villa dominates the surroundings, its severe design
also complements the site.
This particular style, known today as Mannerism, was a reaction to
the ornate earlier High Renaissance designs of twenty years earlier.
9. Interior
The villa's interiors are arranged over five
floors, each floor designed for a different
function.
The main rooms are located on the first floor or
piano nobile, where a large central loggia (now
glazed in) looks down over the town, its main
street and the surrounding countryside.
This hall is known as the Room of Hercules on
account of its fresco decorations,[6] and was
used as a summer dining hall.
It has a grotto-like fountain with sculpture at
one end.
To either side of the loggia are two circular
rooms: one is the chapel, the other
accommodates the principal staircase or Scala
Regia, a graceful spiral of steps supported by
pairs of Ionic columns rising up through three
floors and frescoed by Antonio Tempesta.
10. Interior
The Villa Farnese is very sparsely furnished but the rooms are
nonetheless hugely impressive because of their lavishly marbled
and frescoed walls and ceilings, and ornately tiled floors – though
not all are decorated as richly as the one in the photo above.
The ceiling paintings are so glorious that you’re liable to leave with
a stiff neck – unless you choose to lie flat on your back in the
middle of every room.
11. LOBBY IN VILLA FERNESE
SPIRAL STAIR CASE IN VILLA FERNESE MASTERPIECE AT VILLA FERNESE
12. GARDENS
The gardens of the villa are as impressive as the building itself, a
significant example of the Italian Renaissance garden period.
The villa's fortress theme is carried through by a surrounding moat
and three drawbridges.
Two facades of the pentagonal arrangement face the two gardens
cut into the hill; each garden is accessed across the moat by a
drawbridge from the apartments on the piano nobile and each is a
parterre garden of box topiary with fountains.
A grotto-like theatre was once here. A walk through the chestnut
woods beyond, leads to the giardino segreto, or secret garden, with
its well-known casino.
13. THE CASINO
The Casino, a small habitable summerhouse with two loggie for al
fresco dining.
It was built probably on designs by Giacomo del Duca, with later
alterations were made to the area around the casino by the
architect Girolamo Rainaldi.
The casino is approached by stairs contained between heavily
rusticated grotto walls, with a central catena d'acqua, a cascaded
rill or 'water-staircase', which the water flows down to a stone
basin.
At the top of the steps and set in an oval space are large statues of
two reclining river gods to either side of a large central vase
fountain. Stairs built into the oval walls lead up to the parterred
terrace in front of the south facade of the casino. This part of the
terrace is lined by stone herms with cypress trees. To the north of
the casino is a private garden which steps up slightly and
accommodates roses.
THE CASINO AT VILLA FERNSE
